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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>>…stove has been made a ‘better stove’ it is sent to the independent Stove Lab for testing and compared to the other stoves. This is the only fair way to do this and until the stoves are tested this way there will always be suspect and bias. </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>You are on the right track vis-à-vis the testing of <i>labs</i> to see that they can ‘do it’. No problem. I have only heard of one attempt to compare stove labs and the result was not good.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Testing stoves is another matter. Biomass stoves are not like liquid fuels stoves because the fuel is completely different – it burns inhomogeneously and what is left over is not ‘raw fuel’ as is the case with a kerosene stove. It is not like vehicles either because cars don’t produce charcoal. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Like cars, there is a start and warm-up cycle which has to be included in the test because that is part of real life. Power stations and fixed boilers, however, are usually run continuously and testing them under ‘constant conditions’ is the norm (and is reasonable). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Stoves are almost never run continuously and certainly not at a constant power. Thus performance needs to consider not only the starting cycle, but the running cycle with its ups and downs. When testing vehicles, this is done: the car is put through a driving cycle on a test bed. It does not have to go on the road because the road slope and the power requirement can be modelled and reproduced in the lab. All Formula 1 cars are set up this way, <i>per race</i>. The fuel loaded and suspension and wing settings are tuned in the lab to the track conditions. The engines are tested by computer operated servos while bolted to a frame, not even in the car! The engine and gearbox are ‘run around the circuit’ for a whole race to see if the gearing is correct and how much fuel is needed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Sticking with that analogy, we can test the stoves in the lab using known conditions and requirements of the ‘real track’. Each race track has a name like <i>Indianapolis</i> which represents it cycle of distance, speed, elevation changes, acceleration and braking requirements. In vehicle testing each driving cycle is given a name and number and represents a different type of use.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>There is <i>no point</i> in comparing the performance of an F1 car set up for Monza with a car set up for Monte Carlo. You can do it, but it is pointless. It does not predict performance on any other track and the teams are well aware of this so they don’t do it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>You cannot pick one race track and say every car must be compared using that track. Which track? Where is the ‘average track’? The reason is obvious: a car can be tuned to the test track, say, a dirt oval in Charlotte, North Carolina, and get an optimal result, yet in real life it will be used as a taxi on tar roads in Jakarta. If you want to test cars that will be used as a taxi in Jakarta, you should use a Jakarta driving cycle, and proper tires.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>The core lessons are: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>A test protocol can be created that captures the performance no matter what the track or conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Sets of conditions – cooking cycles or ‘burn cycles’ – can be described and named or numbered. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>These ‘conditions’ are not part of the protocol. The protocol is the measurement and assessment tool. The conditions are from the list of available, properly characterised cooking cycles.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Comparing performance means comparing stoves doing the same thing – this is agreed. However it should also be agreed that having everything race on a dirt oval in North Carolina is not an appropriate way to characterise the performance of a Jakarta taxi.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Innovation: A motorcycle may <i>far</i> outperform any Jakarta car-taxi, and that is why there are taxi-motorcycles in Jakarta. If the goal is to use less fuel, take a motorcycle. If the goal is to stay dry, taker a car. Customers (and cooks) have different goals. We have to measure appropriately and use relevant conditions when stating comparative performance.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>It is how everything else is done, so why not stoves?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Your fan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>