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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Ken<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Your point is well taken. Even the coal fuel could better work if turned into gas first – saves the grinding.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>There is a lovely little gasifier for running engines at the YDD workshop which I would like to see running. It seems to me a combination of wood and char waste might be good. No need to use only a single fuel.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>On another topic, Ken have you seen any working thermoacoustic generators for small scale application? I have been talking to a Canadian company that is making a 5 kW unit for trucks – works off the exhaust. They are planning a 2 kW unit for next year which I intend to try.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>It is a form of Stirling engine that shakes a magnet in a coil. The efficiency is high compared with TEG’s. If there is something to try I would like to give it a shot – something between 5 and 500 Watts. What’s on your radar?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Thanks<br>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Crispin,<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Any solid fuel - regardless of how finely ground will cause undue wear to all moving parts of an IC engine - not to mention lubrication oil contamination.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Simplest route is to convert biomass to a gaseous fuel and run IC engine with a spark ignition conversion.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>1.5kg biomass produces 1kWhe of electricity using gasification and spark ignition route.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>That gives biomass to electricity a 20% conversion efficiency - plus a load of useful waste heat<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>No diesel required.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Ken<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 18 April 2015 at 14:35, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>I recall that the dream of such a multifuel engine was achieved by ITDG, now Practical Action. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>They had an engine that would run at 500 RPM on coal dust. It could also run on various oils. If the oil has long chain molecules they should be shortened (for example by transesterification) to reduce the minimum injection pressure requirement by turning it into 'biodiesel' or bioparaffin. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Here's an island technology: how about grinding old palm leaves into powder and using that in a low speed diesel engine? The engine could be used to grind more fuel and have energy to spare for other tasks like pumping water and lighting and making briquetted stove fuel. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Studies in the '70's showed that about 15% of a farm needs to be planted in sunflower to power the whole farm. In South Africa one can buy a container sized setup that will produce three litres per second of biodiesel from sunflower oil. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Regards <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Crispin <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>It seems a bit ironic but it is like the world has forgotten the Rudolph Diesel originally developed his engine to run on farm<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>produced plant based oils to promote self sufficiency. Wikipedia-----</span><span style='color:black'>Diesel was interested in using coal dust <sup>[6]</sup> or vegetable oil as fuel, and in fact, his engine was run on peanut oil.<sup>[7]</sup> Although these fuels were not immediately popular, </span><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'> <a href="mailto:nariphaltan@gmail.com" target="_blank" title="nariphaltan@gmail.com">nari phaltan</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'> Saturday, April 18, 2015 1:56 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'> <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black'> [Stoves] Diesel as an excellent fuel for rural households<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351C75'>Dear stovers,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351C75'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351C75'>This article proposes fossil fuel based clean combustion technology for rural poor. <a href="http://www.nariphaltan.org/diesel.pdf" target="_blank">www.nariphaltan.org/diesel.pdf</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351C75'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351C75'>Cheers.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351C75'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351C75'>Anil<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>-- <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI)<br>Tambmal, Phaltan-Lonand Road<br>P.O.Box 44<br>Phaltan-415523, Maharashtra, India<br>Ph:91-2166-222396/220945/222842<br><a href="mailto:e-mail%3Anariphaltan@gmail.com" target="_blank">mailto:e-mail%3Anariphaltan@gmail.com</a><br> <a href="mailto:nariphaltan@nariphaltan.org" target="_blank">nariphaltan@nariphaltan.org</a><br><br><a href="http://www.nariphaltan.org" target="_blank">http://www.nariphaltan.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>