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Dear AD</div>
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In that case using bananas old or new should be possible. Ants might be a problem with sugar based binders. It would be in Swaziland!</div>
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About the ash, if you asked me to answer without looking it up I would have said 0.6 to 0.8%. Oak is high at 2%. </div>
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Penn Taylor, in his Masters thesis, used oak as an example (because of high ash) to propose a solution to the ash/char accounting error in the WBT and demonstrates the influence on the result. </div>
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It you have wood with 6% ash the effect is even higher. This is worth checking. </div>
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Regards </div>
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Crispin </div>
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<div class="PlainText">Dear Crispin,<br>
the ash content of high grade fuelwood is about 6 to 8%. Iff one<br>
assumes the yield of charcoal to be about one third of the weight of<br>
wood, the charcoal would have about 18 to 24% ash. So the 20% ash in<br>
the pillow briquette is O.K.<br>
As far as a binder for char briquettes is concerned, I would like to<br>
suggest trying out powdered sugar. It melts at 110C. Application of<br>
pressure to the char-sugar mixture would heat it, causing the sugar to<br>
melt and to act as a binder.<br>
Yours<br>
A.D.Karve<br>
<br>
On 5/5/15, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <crispinpigott@outlook.com> wrote:<br>
> Dear Rolf<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> The typical binder content of a pillow briquette is enough to bring the<br>
> total ash content to 20%. As the ash content of the charcoal is perhaps 7%<br>
> it means the ash content of what has been added is about 13%. It could be<br>
> something as simple as clay though that would be unusual (but it works).<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Others have given you the standard fare regarding the use of cooked flour<br>
> or<br>
> starch. Many countries harvest starch sources for making industrial<br>
> products, not foods.<br>
><br>
> There is a list here<br>
> <<a href="http://www.terawet.com/uploads/Starch_sorces___Processing_in_India.pdf">http://www.terawet.com/uploads/Starch_sorces___Processing_in_India.pdf</a>> .<br>
> Might give you some ideas.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Green bananas might be a good source for many people - all the rejects from<br>
> the market, for example. It dries pretty hard. When it is ripe it is 22%<br>
> sugar but before that it is starch which is a di-saccharide if I recall<br>
> correctly.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> There are two ways to make briquettes: in a container of some kind and<br>
> using<br>
> a rotating, slightly tilted flat pan hopper.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> When the flat pan hopper is rotated with material in it (at the right<br>
> moisture content) little balls of material start rolling downhill over the<br>
> other material. They gain in size and start rolling faster. According to<br>
> the<br>
> tilt and the material, they grow to a size that hops off the container.<br>
> Those balls are dried and sold.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> It is the same mechanism what is used to make cement on a small scale - 5-8<br>
> tons per day. The tilted hopper sits atop a vertical chimney and the balls<br>
> fall into the chimney which has a bottom-lit fire in it. As the mixture<br>
> burns cement is pulled out of the bottom.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> You want the same thing except the heat will dry the balls. You can leave<br>
> out the drying part and just use the ball forming mechanism. It is very<br>
> simple - so simple that people try to keep the knowledge to themselves<br>
> because it is easy to get into the business just seeing it working once.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Richard's briquettes are low density and those balls would be similar. The<br>
> pressed pillows take far more energy and expensive equipment. The product<br>
> is<br>
> more durable and lights with more difficulty and lasts a long time. We<br>
> recommend people cook in a Vesto using only 6 pillow briquettes,<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Kingsford pillow briquettes have 6 ingredients, not two. One of them is<br>
> powdered anthracite which gives them their low lasting glow. You could<br>
> consider adding that in small quantities. It should be a low volatiles coal<br>
> and because you want it powdered, you can use duff coal (below 6mm in sieve<br>
> size) which is really cheap. North American coals generally have high<br>
> sulphur compared with other places so be picky about the source. If you<br>
> were<br>
> in South Africa I would recommend the Transkei Coals which are just South<br>
> East of Lesotho. Very dry, very old, hard to light, good for mixing with<br>
> char.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> In Mongolia there are good products in the Gobi Desert. Ask around.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> There is a Korean company making TLUD stoves that burn holey briquettes<br>
> with<br>
> quite good emissions. CO/CO2 is a steady 3.8% and that is without knowing<br>
> really what they are doing so it could be improved. You could consider<br>
> looking into that as an alternative to loose pillows. The old machines that<br>
> make such briquettes produce 2 at a time every two seconds so 3600 per<br>
> hour.<br>
> There is no reason why a charcoal holey briquette wouldn't work well.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Turning waste biomass into a high value fuel in a rural area is a great<br>
> idea.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Regards<br>
><br>
> Crispin<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> -----Original Message-----<br>
> From: Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] On Behalf Of<br>
> Energies Naturals C.B.<br>
> Sent: Monday, May 04, 2015 06:00<br>
> To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br>
> Subject: Re: [Stoves] Sequestering carbon -<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Dear Crispin,<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> you mention pillow briquettes out of char dust. Do you have any direct<br>
> experience with how to make them?<br>
><br>
> is there a technical guideline as for pressure needed and most of all the<br>
> ideal aglomeration additive?<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> I have tried to make them, but it is not easy unless I mix them with<br>
> expensive starch or equally expensive ligno sulfonate in quite high<br>
> concentrations.<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Thanks for any advice!<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Rolf<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> On Mon, 4 May 2015 02:42:25 -0400<br>
><br>
> Crispin Pemberton-Pigott < <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>><br>
> crispinpigott@outlook.com> wrote:<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
>> Dear Ad<br>
><br>
>><br>
><br>
>> I completely agree. Even if it has high ash, it would have value. The<br>
><br>
>> value of bio-char dust is about 2/3 the value of lump charcoal so<br>
><br>
>> there is a market for it (making pillow briquettes).<br>
><br>
>><br>
><br>
>> Thanks<br>
><br>
>> Crispin<br>
><br>
>><br>
><br>
>><br>
><br>
>> Dear Crispin,<br>
><br>
>> if non-rotting leaf litter is a problem, one can char it and convert<br>
><br>
>> it into char briquettes, to be used as fuel.<br>
><br>
>> Yours<br>
><br>
>> A.D.Karve<br>
><br>
>> ***<br>
><br>
>> Dr. A.D. Karve<br>
><br>
>><br>
><br>
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> Energies Naturals C.B. < <<a href="mailto:energiesnaturals@gmx.de">mailto:energiesnaturals@gmx.de</a>><br>
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-- <br>
***<br>
Dr. A.D. Karve<br>
<br>
Chairman, Samuchit Enviro Tech Pvt Ltd (<a href="http://www.samuchit.com">www.samuchit.com</a>)<br>
<br>
Trustee & Founder President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)<br>
<br>
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