<div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Clean Burning Biomass Cook Stoves: A Quick Summary</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The stove body and interior (including the combustion chamber) is low
mass and insulative. The heat from the fire goes into the cooking process and
is not diverted into the stove.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:12pt">The heat transfer efficiency is close to optimal resulting in over 45%
thermal efficiency. One successful technique is to combine moderate firepower
(2.5 kW) with very small channel gaps (</span><span style="font-size:16px">6 mm</span><span style="font-size:12pt">) around the pot. Burning less wood
results in fewer emissions.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#070809">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">Emissions are reduced by
increasing combustion efficiency. An appropriate amount of wood gas is made.
The rate of reactions is controlled by adjusting the primary air or by metering
the fuel.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#070809">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">A zone of mixing of air,
gases, smoke, and flame is created using jets of secondary air. The jets of
secondary air can be powered by natural draft in a Top Lit Up Draft stove or by
forced air in both Rocket and TLUD stoves.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#070809">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">The velocity of the jets of
air is increased to improve the effectiveness of the zone of mixing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#070809">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">The cooling effect of the
secondary air jets is not allowed to decrease thermal efficiency below 45%.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#070809">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">The amount of wood gas
entering the zone of mixing is adjusted until close to optimal combustion
efficiency is obtained. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#070809">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">Emissions in the exhaust
stream can be further reduced with a catalyst. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#070809">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">Removing the emissions from
the living space in a chimney is mandatory in the United States. The new ARC
stoves have chimneys to comply with WHO guidelines.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#070809">·<span style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;color:rgb(7,8,9);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">The cooking function of the
stove is designed by local users. The market viability of the product is
determined by field testing involving stakeholders such as distributors,
manufacturers, funders, consumers, etc. Market testing precedes and informs
manufacturing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div>Dean Still</div><div dir="ltr">Executive Director<div>Aprovecho Research Center</div><div>PO Box 1175</div><div>76132 Blue Mountain School Road</div><div>Cottage Grove, OR 97424</div><div>(541) 767-0287</div></div></div></div></div>
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