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Crispin,<br>
<br>
Thanks for that good info. There are several interrelated aspects
that can be supportive or in opposition to success.<br>
<br>
1. Ash becomes glassy or clinker: <br>
A. Solution: Only pyrolyze, so that the ash stays captive in the
char. <br>
<br>
B. Difficulty: If the char is later char-gasified, as in unit to
make char-gas for running an internal combustion engine (ICE), then
the ash will be very hot and will form clinkers / glass. We can ask
some friends who make gasification systems for creating ICE power if
they think that the clinker problem will mess up their
char-gasifiers for power.<br>
<br>
2. Get 50% to 70% of the energy, and have abundant char but not a
tradition of charcoal stoves: <br>
A. Solution: The "biochar for soil amendment" advocates could use
this (if that specific type of char is found to be appropriate)<br>
<br>
B. Difficulty: Getting the right people and devices in the right
places where these shell fuels are abundant.<br>
<br>
3. Are there any supplies or suppliers of these shells in North
America? <br>
<br>
4. I needed to look up about Flores Island (Indonesia, but there
are others): Wikipedia:<br>
<blockquote type="cite"><b>Flores</b> is one of the <a
title="Lesser Sunda Islands"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands">Lesser
Sunda Islands</a>, an <a title="Island arc"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_arc">island arc</a>
with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the <a
title="Java (island)" class="mw-redirect"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28island%29">Java</a>
island of <a title="Indonesia"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.
The population was 1,831,000 in the 2010 census</blockquote>
So there is sufficient land size and population for utilizing the
shells if adequate demonstration of usefulness can be shown,
including economic viability. What is needed is the right
combination of a person with knowledge about gasifier options and
access to the shells and sufficient incentive (seed funding?) to get
the experiences and to report the results. .... Any
candidates?????<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 9/4/2015 5:54 AM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:COL401-EAS49156DB06293DFE6386CBADB1570@phx.gbl"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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Dear Paul</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
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text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
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'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
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The simple answer is everywhere that produces palm oil has the
shells lying about. Candle nut shells are much more restricted
in the sense that fewer places grow them in quantity. Flores
Island is a place where they are abundant. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
Where oil palm is massively mono-cropped like Indonesia and
Malaysia have enormous amounts to the point it is worth getting
them in ships like....fuel. We can bring them to Lombok by the
shipload. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
Because they are nut shells, not wood, they tend to have a low
ash melting temperature. Hirendra from the ISO Fuels Task Group
says there is a tendency for such fuels to 'channel' as Julien
has often described, and heat to high temperatures creating
glass as Alex E has mentioned in his grass burning tests. The
result is inevitably formation of clunkers and glass if the air
is blown. This applies not only to palm kernel shells. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
The obvious solution is to use rather a large volume of fuel
burning at once at a low rate instead of a small volume burning
at a high rate. It may largely eliminate the problem. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
If you want to make charcoal from either shell it works, and
the result is pretty hard. The carbon content of the shell is
not different from wood on a dry ash free basis but is it dense.
The upside of this is that a stove holds 'more fuel' if it is
filled with shells. The gas heat value is much less than the
fuel so you can cook longer. 'Tami' Utami reports that people in
Flores have operated one of Dr Nurhuda's early stoves
successfully using candle nut shells, another not. It had to be
adapted. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
If your general plan is to have people ship from one island to
another, distribute it to the market, buy it to transport home,
burn only the gas portion and be left with half the energy in
the form of charcoal, you had better have a good explanation for
what to do with the charcoal. There is a small charcoal market
for blacksmiths. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
The issue with fuels is not the price of acquiring it but the
cost of moving it. Unless the charcoal has a property that makes
it worth the trouble to save and move, it will be burned. The
market doesn't exist to validate the design of the pyrolysers.
The pyrolysers exist to service the market. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
There is, in the presence of LPG, a strong desire to have a
'clean kitchen' which is separate from the 'dirty kitchen'. It
really refers to pot cleanliness. If charcoal cooking caught on
there would develop a local market for the whole fuel. Gasifying
charcoal is very easy though a bit hot for most materials. YDD
makes them. It is easy to run an engine on charcoal gas. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
Regards </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,
'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);
text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
Crispin </div>
<br>
<div style="background-color:#FFFFFF">Crispin and all,<br>
<br>
Do you know of any location that has these shells and has access
to TLUD gasifiers? The combination of these shells and TLUDs
has great potential, but only if someone somewhere puts the two
together in a serious project or venture. I would be interested
in having contact with people in such situations.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">On 9/2/2015 6:01 PM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">Dear Friends</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Her are two fuels that are abundant
(in places) and really interesting to work with. Both can
be charcoaled and both are really strong.</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style=""><img
moz-do-not-send="true" id="x_Picture_x0020_1"
src="cid:part1.00080101.04080205@ilstu.edu"
height="252" width="378"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Oil Palm Kernel Shells</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">And</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style=""><img
moz-do-not-send="true" id="x_Picture_x0020_2"
src="cid:part2.07000703.04020207@ilstu.edu"
height="287" width="378"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Candle nut shells.</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">The price is something like $70 per
ton. Moisture is low and energy ins in the 18-19 MJ/kg
range. The can be burned in a TLUD to make charcoal, and
the charcoal is strong enough to sell in sacks.</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">The interesting about these fuels is
they are not just available in many thousands of tons,
they pack quite well so a packed bed gasifier is a pretty
good burner.</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">For crossdraft and downdraft
enthusiasts, they can also be used in hoppers burning
something and intermediate coal.</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Regards</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Crispin</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
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