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Dear all,<br>
<br>
While agreeing with Frank and Dean, I suggest that there are
sufficient "degrees of torrification" that we should subdivide the
discussion.<br>
<br>
1. Wet or green wood High moisture content (MC)<br>
2. Dried in 20% MC range<br>
3. Dried to 10% MC or less<br>
4. Kiln dried (heated to ???? degrees C)<br>
5. Super dried (heated to maybe 120 C)<br>
6. Toasted (slightly browning) 120 to 180 C ???<br>
7. Early torrified 180 - 240 C ??<br>
8. Fully torrified 240 - 300 C ??<br>
9. Undergoing pyrolysis above 300 C ???<br>
10. And then we have different "chars" based on temperatures during
production, 400 C, 450 C, 550 C, 700 C, 900 C<br>
<br>
LOTS of question marks there. Frank and others can refine this
much better. Issues of MC and temperatures and "names" (and
related to sufficient time to have the heat impact reach the center
of the pieces of biomass, not just flash heating), and probably more
variables.<br>
<br>
To just say "torrified" leaves too many uncertainties and possible
mis-understandings / assumptions by the large number of readers in
different cultures and with different experiences.<br>
<br>
I can say that TLUD stoves (when properly made and with consistent
MC in the fuels) work very well with the 3, 4, 5, and 6 (above)
fuels. They do not like much moisture content, and they do not
want the fuel to be already partially charred.<br>
<br>
Reasonable quality fuel supply is so important for TLUD
acceptance. More work could be done about this.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 9/5/2015 11:45 PM, Frank Shields
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:0851BF5C-A14C-43AA-B95E-04730C16E1A7@cruzio.com"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=windows-1252">
Dear Dean, Stovers,
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">I have not worked with stoves but working with all
types of pellets (paper, manures, etc.) and good quality wood
pellets I find they burn in pipes very poorly and seem they are
really just good for pellet stoves dropping in one at a time. </div>
<div class="">I think you may be on to something in regards to
torrifying to some extent before using to get a cleaner
combustion. I see the real challenge is quality control because
torrification takes place in a very narrow range and it is so
easy to have a ‘run-a-way’ combustion that heats higher than the
setting you want. I was able to achieve that in my pipes but
only after much practice and s l o w l y raising the
temperature to desired amount. Not sure how this would be done
commercially. It would be a very interesting project. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">We also may be able to get clean combustion by
finding constituents in the pellets (and all biomass for that
matter) that create these large organic volatile structures that
give problems and eliminate them from the fuel. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Regards</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Frank</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""> </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
<div apple-content-edited="true" class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal;
orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space;
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">
<div class="">Frank Shields</div>
<div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" class="">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
</div>
<br class="">
<div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Sep 3, 2015, at 12:28 PM, Dean Still <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com" class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com">deankstill@gmail.com</a></a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div dir="ltr" class="">Hi Frank,
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">After limited experience in Uganda and
China my experience is that it's not easy to make
clean burning recipes for biomass pellets.
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Seems like the torrified pellets emit
less PM but we need to do more tests.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Best,</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Dean</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br class="">
<div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Sep 3, 2015 at 8:44 AM,
Frank Shields <span dir="ltr" class=""><<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank"
class=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com">franke@cruzio.com</a></a>></span> wrote:<br
class="">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="auto" class="">
<div class="">Dear Chispin and stovers</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Of course no mention of the quality
of the pellets! In the U.S. The go through
standard testing and results labeled</div>
<div class="">On bags. But pellets are made of all
sorts of materials and energy values and
volatile profiles. It would seem this would be
part of the discussion. </div>
<div class="">Thanks</div>
<div class="">Frank<br class="">
<br class="">
Sent from my iPhone</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
On Sep 3, 2015, at 6:13 AM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com"
target="_blank" class="">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>>
wrote:<br class="">
<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Friends</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There is a broad move
around the world to create pelleted fuel
from biomass and burn it in tighter
spaces. This report was noted in the
Alliance for Green Heat newsletter:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p
style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"
class=""><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:blue"
class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001d7dcszljjgfEKYA31aaHyRsMRRejQSaDUDJHpy5B3lPW1W0QcteHERbDFukIhEc2-_1cKtvym49J_ai7zvt1WWN26UenG3N6joIskOVraQhcc__S5dpEwVlcw8pbpwWuwRufyvZSstnraBJTXAbr2wOPL-tX7Wypj3swduscC5I1Staun8b2olWMeGwuEsLEKsSA0qsYd2J1B5b7fDXOH7vLn_jPI3y12xty5nULquL9LCJu6LE7P-Ysu5qiL45LFwfyKNL4feu5XOzEawUh0a7X5VAZM8fb7F4K1l1kHGeFIFftvkxNTEEi9J_I05V6LKmiIZSk4GOQXJRAMRf5NDba52L-Wn_9jVkbpqju9Kifq8bMZm_xowV5Qn2NerYbUfu00_a4isbrvL9gktLkSQ==&c=WnPhxOQ3V-ic1ZJ3NBDpcipfRPq-UdIrBKPYwMfkxe-_CRS45fkQ4w==&ch=gnDbpciWOWhz6yV0o8Zdcoli15r_rpgR21xk0iBJKKi_KYRnwLVmTw=="
target="_blank" class=""><b class="">Updated
on the Mt. Vernon pellet stove
recall</b></a></span></p>
<p
style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"
class=""><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f"
class="">Last month, we reported on the
recall of 2,000 Mt. Vernon E2 pellet
stoves after about 6 experienced
explosions that shattered the glass in
the front door. No injuries have been
reported. The Alliance wrote to HHT
asking for clarifications about what
caused the malfunction and whether the
stove would be 3rd party tested again
for safety. </span><span
style="font-size: 8pt; font-family:
Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001d7dcszljjgfEKYA31aaHyRsMRRejQSaDUDJHpy5B3lPW1W0QcteHEfKhE4oT8BuuAHDwJ1L0g7GrKo5I0xEbbDvkpCt65Xds638GUTKpc9WxdvAozGBIprVOl7vL1wQKB10dTQFUofpAQnr3z9i2zwxCfiQA3rCg4PVvKxSMWgMWDhYiC_fJ7rGJlBpUwsdpb9A-KCa9c_WZg3sRbG1GpSOEsBvotEVw3FLKELU68l1aktAt4KqIrr-AbESuj8iSP6u9wdRQU3L5aMshSI5ocFejIUjrSB94PP9Q2h_zrmWcq3brFPbj1VqWZSiFfmDp50WpCw2b2SOvJ-9NqzbOgn8sgdzIHO2tNWqczgkuFI6d7bzwPt4D_g==&c=WnPhxOQ3V-ic1ZJ3NBDpcipfRPq-UdIrBKPYwMfkxe-_CRS45fkQ4w==&ch=gnDbpciWOWhz6yV0o8Zdcoli15r_rpgR21xk0iBJKKi_KYRnwLVmTw=="
target="_blank" class=""><b class=""><span
style="color:#4f604f" class="">Click
here</span></b></a></span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f"
class=""> for a copy of the HHT
response.</span><span style="font-size:
8pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"
class=""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f"
class=""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The drive to create
better combustion often means having a
staged gasification-then-burning type of
design. That may be a source of problems.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I know of at least one
instance of a very modern TLUD coal stove
explosion in Ulaanbaatar when the operator
refuelled it with a significant amount of
lignite (high volatiles) while it was
already very hot. This generated a huge
amount of combustible gas while
simultaneously extinguishing the gas
flame. Eventually it heated up to the
point that the gas ignited and it blew
flaming fuel out of the top of the stove,
around the room. A public education
campaign tried to prevent exactly this
sort of mis-operation.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Regards</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Crispin</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
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-- <br class="">
<div class="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">Dean Still</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="">Executive Director
<div class="">Aprovecho Research Center</div>
<div class="">PO Box 1175</div>
<div class="">76132 Blue Mountain School Road</div>
<div class="">Cottage Grove, OR 97424</div>
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