<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Thanks Paul for the comments,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">So you find the typical pellets suitable for your TLUD? and they operate at optimum as compared to other mostly non-uniform types biomass?</div><div class="">This i find interesting. Thanks.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">When you talk of control over the primary air are you suggesting a fan? If not I would think the conditions of air flow is: 1) diameter of combustion chamber 2) height of combustion chamber 3) percent air volume in the bulk fuel 4) shape of the air voids in the bulk fuel 5) temperature of the combustion 6) evenness of the flame front and 7) insulation of the combustion chamber.   Can’t think of anything else but that is quite a few variables. A fan would eliminate all these variables. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">With the GEK from All Powers Lab you could pipe the gases 30 feet where they are cool to the touch and the flame is a nice blue color with no smoke. Do you think it possible to achieve these conditions in your TLUD as the set-up are about the same. But the flame front and char above needs to be HOT. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">The cool gases passing through the char zone and making it past the secondary are the gases Dean is talking about that with research might be removed from the fuel before using via torrification. This would be a very interesting research project. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">thanks</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""><div apple-content-edited="true" class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Frank Shields</div><div class=""><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" class="">franke@cruzio.com</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">

</div>
<br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Sep 9, 2015, at 6:36 PM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" class="">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
  
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    Frank and Alex,<br class="">
    <br class="">
    About the conditions of the fuel and above the fuel, we can also add
    the conditions in the bed of char that is above the MPF.   And the
    main factor that I am thinking of is the temperature in those zones
    above the MPF.   Imagine that the gases become rather cool before
    reaching the incoming secondary air, then there could be greater
    likelihood that some could slip past the secondary burning.<br class="">
    <br class="">
    Frank asked about the preferred fuel sizes in my (or other) TLUDs.  
    I do not have such preferences.   I like pellets, of course.  But
    there must be allowance for a variety of sizes.   <br class="">
    <br class="">
    NOTE:  I advocate some form of control on the entry of the primary
    air that then can move upward.   TLUD stoves that rely on the sizes
    of the air passageways in the fuels as the control mechanism are
    seriously restricted to a specific size and shape of fuel.   <br class="">
    <br class="">
    Paul<br class="">
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  
Email:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   
Skype: paultlud      Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com/">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 9/9/2015 11:42 AM, Frank Shields
      wrote:<br class="">
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:F747F744-C938-4B36-B6EC-CEF27704B1DC@cruzio.com" type="cite" class="">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
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      Dear Alex,
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">I think the fuel and the environment above the fuel
        is both of equal importance. So do we change the fuel or the
        combustion set-up? that is the question. </div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">A stove system that is able to burn a wide variety
        of fuels and widely sold may be difficult and/or expensive to
        make adjustments for a specific fuel. So in this case if it is
        easy to change the fuel that may be preferred. I think the
        answer to change the fuel or the stove system depends on the
        amount of work and expense involved. </div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">Thats the way I look at it today. : )</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">Regards</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">Frank</div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class=""><br class="">
        <div apple-content-edited="true" class="">
          <div style="letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">
            <div class="">Frank Shields</div>
            <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" class="">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
          </div>
          <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
          <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
        </div>
        <br class="">
        <div class="">
          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
            <div class="">On Sep 9, 2015, at 9:23 AM, alex english <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:aenglish444@gmail.com" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:aenglish444@gmail.com">aenglish444@gmail.com</a>>
              wrote:</div>
            <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
            <div class=""><p dir="ltr" class="">Frank,<br class="">
                If there are emissions that derive from fuel directly
                and then escape further 'processing' by flame
                environments by sneaking by , then they might be called
                something like primary fuel derived emissions. PFDEs. It
                is safe to say, I think,that most of these would be
                transformed into products of complete or incomplete
                combustion in and around the flame. I may be confused,
                but this mix would likely have less to do with the fuel
                than the environment above fuel.<br class="">
                Hmm<br class="">
                Alex</p>
              <div class="gmail_quote">On 2015-09-09 8:55 AM, "Frank
                Shields" <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" class="">franke@cruzio.com</a>>
                wrote:<br type="attribution" class="">
                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
                  .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                  <div style="word-wrap:break-word" class="">Dear Paul
                    and Stovers,
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="">For ‘user-acceptance’ and ‘market
                      driven’ I would think preparing the fuel optimized
                      for your stove that quickly boils water with
                      little dirty emissions is one and the same.</div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="">I would think that would be drying
                      and, perhaps as Dean has mentioned, driving off
                      some of the early volatiles that may pass the
                      secondary before complete combustion.</div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="">Paul - Do you have information as to
                      the optimum size and shape the biomass should be
                      for your stove? That should be determined.</div>
                    <div class="">Then we go to testing the parameters
                      of the biomass like carbon bulk density and carbon
                      particle density along with water soluble sugars
                       and lipids that may contribute to poor emissions.
                      It could be as simple as soaking and draining out
                      constituents to improve the quality as well as
                      heating to drive off the early volatiles. </div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="">But first we need to find what it is
                      in the fuel that causes the poor emissions. That
                      could be to take some problem biomass and get a
                      baseline from testing. </div>
                    <div class="">Then pre-heat to drive off early
                      volatiles and re-test. Then using another batch
                      soak in hot water, drain, dry and re-test. And
                      finally soak in a solvent, drain, dry and
                      re-test. </div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="">Using emissions tests to get ratios of
                      emission components and particles might be enough
                      to determine success. Or add helium surrogate to
                      get absolute concentrations as they are produced
                      might be info that would help. </div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="">Regards</div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="">Frank</div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                      <div class="">
                        <div style="letter-spacing: normal; text-align:
                          start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
                          white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;
                          word-wrap: break-word;" class="">
                          <div class="">Frank Shields</div>
                          <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank" class="">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
                          <div class=""><br class="">
                          </div>
                        </div>
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                      </div>
                      <br class="">
                      <div class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <div class="">On Sep 9, 2015, at 8:20 AM, Paul
                            Anderson <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank" class="">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>
                            wrote:</div>
                          <br class="">
                          <div class="">
                            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class=""> Frank and Stovers,<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              My simplistic interest in the "induced
                              drying" of biomass fuels is related to
                              improving the user-acceptance of the TLUD
                              cookstoves and the establishment of some
                              fuel marketing chain.   The degree of
                              drying / torrification would be market
                              driven, not related to emissions or
                              technical characteristics of the resultant
                              fuels.   <br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              As the degree of drying / heating of the
                              fuels increases, the cost of that
                              processing will rise.   So I favor the
                              minimum treatment that will benefit the
                              customer and will justify the increase in
                              fuel price.   <br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              A favorable situation would be to use
                              essentially waste heat to prepare the
                              future fuel supplies.  Or expend a small
                              amount of fuel to prepare a much larger
                              amount of fuel that will be sold with
                              sustainable profitability.<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              Paul<br class="">
                              <pre cols="72" class="">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  
Email:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank" class="">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   
Skype: paultlud      Phone: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank" class="">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank" class="">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
                              <blockquote type="cite" class=""> <br class="">
                                <div class="">On 9/8/2015 3:55 PM, Frank
                                  Shields wrote:<br class="">
                                </div>
                                <blockquote type="cite" class=""> Dear
                                  Paul,
                                  <div class=""><br class="">
                                  </div>
                                  <div class="">Making batches of
                                    different degrees of torrification
                                    biofuels is one thing and then
                                    testing and interpreting the results
                                    is another. </div>
                                  <div class="">Do we measure success on
                                    emissions or time it takes to boil
                                    water? And them we have other
                                    variables like bulk carbon density
                                    and particle carbon density.
                                    Volatiles and adding moisture. Size
                                    and shape will be important. </div>
                                  <div class=""><br class="">
                                  </div>
                                  <div class="">So once we figure out a
                                    way of making constant quality
                                    material for testing there is still
                                    a lot of research work to do.
                                    Agreeing on what we use as a measure
                                    of success is the first.</div>
                                  <div class=""><br class="">
                                  </div>
                                  <div class="">regards</div>
                                  <div class=""><br class="">
                                  </div>
                                  <div class="">Frank</div>
                                  <div class=""><br class="">
                                  </div>
                                  <div class=""><br class="">
                                  </div>
                                  <div class=""><br class="">
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word" class="">
                                        <div class="">Frank Shields</div>
                                        <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
                                        <div class=""><br class="">
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <br class="">
                                      <br class="">
                                    </div>
                                    <br class="">
                                    <div class="">
                                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                        <div class="">On Sep 6, 2015, at
                                          5:32 AM, Paul Anderson <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>

                                          wrote:</div>
                                        <br class="">
                                        <div class="">
                                          <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class="">
                                            Dear all,<br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            While agreeing with Frank
                                            and Dean, I suggest that
                                            there are sufficient
                                            "degrees of torrification"
                                            that we should subdivide the
                                            discussion.<br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            1.  Wet or green wood     
                                            High moisture content (MC)<br class="">
                                            2.  Dried in 20% MC range<br class="">
                                            3.  Dried to 10% MC or less<br class="">
                                            4.  Kiln dried   (heated to
                                            ???? degrees C)<br class="">
                                            5.  Super dried (heated to
                                            maybe 120 C)<br class="">
                                            6.  Toasted (slightly
                                            browning)    120 to 180 C
                                            ???<br class="">
                                            7.  Early
                                            torrified                    
                                            180 - 240  C ??<br class="">
                                            8.  Fully
                                            torrified                240
                                            - 300 C  ??<br class="">
                                            9.  Undergoing pyrolysis    
                                            above 300 C ???<br class="">
                                            10.  And then we have
                                            different "chars" based on
                                            temperatures during
                                            production, 400 C,  450 C, 
                                            550 C, 700 C, 900 C<br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            LOTS of question marks
                                            there.   Frank and others
                                            can refine this much
                                            better.    Issues of MC and
                                            temperatures and "names"
                                            (and related to sufficient
                                            time to have the heat impact
                                            reach the center of the
                                            pieces of biomass, not just
                                            flash heating), and probably
                                            more variables.<br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            To just say "torrified"
                                            leaves too many
                                            uncertainties and possible
                                            mis-understandings /
                                            assumptions by the large
                                            number of readers in
                                            different cultures and with
                                            different experiences.<br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            I can say that TLUD stoves
                                            (when properly made and with
                                            consistent MC in the fuels)
                                            work very well with the 3,
                                            4, 5, and 6 (above) fuels.  
                                            They do not like much
                                            moisture content, and they
                                            do not want the fuel to be
                                            already partially charred.<br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            Reasonable quality fuel
                                            supply is so important for
                                            TLUD acceptance.   More work
                                            could be done about this.<br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            Paul<br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            <pre cols="72" class="">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  
Email:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank" class="">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   
Skype: paultlud      Phone: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank" class="">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank" class="">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
                                            <div class="">On 9/5/2015
                                              11:45 PM, Frank Shields
                                              wrote:<br class="">
                                            </div>
                                            <blockquote type="cite" class=""> Dear Dean,
                                              Stovers,
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">I have not
                                                worked with stoves but
                                                working with all types
                                                of pellets (paper,
                                                manures, etc.) and good
                                                quality wood pellets I
                                                find they burn in pipes
                                                very poorly and seem
                                                they are really just
                                                good for pellet stoves
                                                dropping in one at a
                                                time. </div>
                                              <div class="">I think you
                                                may be on to something
                                                in regards to torrifying
                                                to some extent before
                                                using to get a cleaner
                                                combustion. I see the
                                                real challenge is
                                                quality control because
                                                torrification takes
                                                place in a very narrow
                                                range and it is so easy
                                                to have a ‘run-a-way’
                                                combustion that heats
                                                higher than the setting
                                                you want. I was able to
                                                achieve that in my pipes
                                                but only after much
                                                practice and   s l o w l
                                                y    raising the
                                                temperature to desired
                                                amount. Not sure how
                                                this would be done
                                                commercially.  It would
                                                be a very interesting
                                                project. </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">We also may
                                                be able to get clean
                                                combustion by finding
                                                constituents in the
                                                pellets (and all biomass
                                                for that matter) that
                                                create these large
                                                organic volatile
                                                structures that give
                                                problems and eliminate
                                                them from the fuel. </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">Regards</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">Frank</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">  </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                                <div class="">
                                                  <div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word" class="">
                                                    <div class="">Frank
                                                      Shields</div>
                                                    <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
                                                    <div class=""><br class="">
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <br class="">
                                                  <br class="">
                                                </div>
                                                <br class="">
                                                <div class="">
                                                  <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                    <div class="">On Sep
                                                      3, 2015, at 12:28
                                                      PM, Dean Still
                                                      <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com" target="_blank" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com">deankstill@gmail.com</a>>



                                                      wrote:</div>
                                                    <br class="">
                                                    <div class="">
                                                      <div dir="ltr" class="">Hi
                                                        Frank,
                                                        <div class=""><br class="">
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div class="">After
                                                          limited
                                                          experience in
                                                          Uganda and
                                                          China my
                                                          experience is
                                                          that it's not
                                                          easy to make
                                                          clean burning
                                                          recipes for
                                                          biomass
                                                          pellets. 
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Seems
                                                          like the
                                                          torrified
                                                          pellets emit
                                                          less PM but we
                                                          need to do
                                                          more tests.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Best,</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Dean</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div class="gmail_extra"><br class="">
                                                        <div class="gmail_quote">On
                                                          Thu, Sep 3,
                                                          2015 at 8:44
                                                          AM, Frank
                                                          Shields <span dir="ltr" class=""><<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com">franke@cruzio.com</a>></span>
                                                          wrote:<br class="">
                                                          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0
                                                          0 0
                                                          .8ex;border-left:1px
                                                          #ccc
                                                          solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                                          <div dir="auto" class="">
                                                          <div class="">Dear
                                                          Chispin and
                                                          stovers</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Of
                                                          course no
                                                          mention of the
                                                          quality of the
                                                          pellets! In
                                                          the U.S. The
                                                          go through
                                                          standard
                                                          testing and
                                                          results
                                                          labeled</div>
                                                          <div class="">On
                                                          bags. But
                                                          pellets are
                                                          made of all
                                                          sorts of
                                                          materials and
                                                          energy values
                                                          and volatile
                                                          profiles.   It
                                                          would seem
                                                          this would be
                                                          part of the
                                                          discussion. </div>
                                                          <div class="">Thanks</div>
                                                          <div class="">Frank<br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          Sent from my
                                                          iPhone</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          On Sep 3,
                                                          2015, at 6:13
                                                          AM, Crispin
                                                          Pemberton-Pigott
                                                          <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank" class=""></a><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>>



                                                          wrote:<br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <div class=""><p class="MsoNormal">Dear

                                                          Friends</p>
                                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                                          </div><p class="MsoNormal">There
                                                          is a broad
                                                          move around
                                                          the world to
                                                          create
                                                          pelleted fuel
                                                          from biomass
                                                          and burn it in
                                                          tighter
                                                          spaces. This
                                                          report was
                                                          noted in the
                                                          Alliance for
                                                          Green Heat
                                                          newsletter:</p>
                                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                                          </div><p style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt" class=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:blue" class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001d7dcszljjgfEKYA31aaHyRsMRRejQSaDUDJHpy5B3lPW1W0QcteHERbDFukIhEc2-_1cKtvym49J_ai7zvt1WWN26UenG3N6joIskOVraQhcc__S5dpEwVlcw8pbpwWuwRufyvZSstnraBJTXAbr2wOPL-tX7Wypj3swduscC5I1Staun8b2olWMeGwuEsLEKsSA0qsYd2J1B5b7fDXOH7vLn_jPI3y12xty5nULquL9LCJu6LE7P-Ysu5qiL45LFwfyKNL4feu5XOzEawUh0a7X5VAZM8fb7F4K1l1kHGeFIFftvkxNTEEi9J_I05V6LKmiIZSk4GOQXJRAMRf5NDba52L-Wn_9jVkbpqju9Kifq8bMZm_xowV5Qn2NerYbUfu00_a4isbrvL9gktLkSQ==&c=WnPhxOQ3V-ic1ZJ3NBDpcipfRPq-UdIrBKPYwMfkxe-_CRS45fkQ4w==&ch=gnDbpciWOWhz6yV0o8Zdcoli15r_rpgR21xk0iBJKKi_KYRnwLVmTw==" target="_blank" class=""><b class="">Updated on the Mt. Vernon pellet
                                                          stove recall</b></a></span></p><p style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt" class=""><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f" class="">Last
                                                          month, we
                                                          reported on
                                                          the recall of
                                                          2,000 Mt.
                                                          Vernon E2
                                                          pellet
                                                          stoves after
                                                          about 6
                                                          experienced
                                                          explosions
                                                          that shattered
                                                          the glass in
                                                          the front
                                                          door. No
                                                          injuries have
                                                          been reported.
                                                          The Alliance
                                                          wrote to HHT
                                                          asking for
                                                          clarifications
                                                          about what
                                                          caused the
                                                          malfunction
                                                          and whether
                                                          the stove
                                                          would be 3rd
                                                          party tested
                                                          again for
                                                          safety. </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif" class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001d7dcszljjgfEKYA31aaHyRsMRRejQSaDUDJHpy5B3lPW1W0QcteHEfKhE4oT8BuuAHDwJ1L0g7GrKo5I0xEbbDvkpCt65Xds638GUTKpc9WxdvAozGBIprVOl7vL1wQKB10dTQFUofpAQnr3z9i2zwxCfiQA3rCg4PVvKxSMWgMWDhYiC_fJ7rGJlBpUwsdpb9A-KCa9c_WZg3sRbG1GpSOEsBvotEVw3FLKELU68l1aktAt4KqIrr-AbESuj8iSP6u9wdRQU3L5aMshSI5ocFejIUjrSB94PP9Q2h_zrmWcq3brFPbj1VqWZSiFfmDp50WpCw2b2SOvJ-9NqzbOgn8sgdzIHO2tNWqczgkuFI6d7bzwPt4D_g==&c=WnPhxOQ3V-ic1ZJ3NBDpcipfRPq-UdIrBKPYwMfkxe-_CRS45fkQ4w==&ch=gnDbpciWOWhz6yV0o8Zdcoli15r_rpgR21xk0iBJKKi_KYRnwLVmTw==" target="_blank" class=""><b class=""><span style="color:#4f604f" class="">Click
                                                          here</span></b></a></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f" class=""> for
                                                          a copy of the
                                                          HHT response.</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif" class=""></span></p>
                                                          <div class=""><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f" class=""> </span><br class="">
                                                          </div><p class="MsoNormal">The
                                                          drive to
                                                          create better
                                                          combustion
                                                          often means
                                                          having a
                                                          staged
                                                          gasification-then-burning
                                                          type of
                                                          design. That
                                                          may be a
                                                          source of
                                                          problems.</p>
                                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                                          </div><p class="MsoNormal">I
                                                          know of at
                                                          least one
                                                          instance of a
                                                          very modern
                                                          TLUD coal
                                                          stove
                                                          explosion in
                                                          Ulaanbaatar
                                                          when the
                                                          operator
                                                          refuelled it
                                                          with a
                                                          significant
                                                          amount of
                                                          lignite (high
                                                          volatiles)
                                                          while it was
                                                          already very
                                                          hot. This
                                                          generated a
                                                          huge amount of
                                                          combustible
                                                          gas while
                                                          simultaneously
                                                          extinguishing
                                                          the gas
                                                          flame. 
                                                          Eventually it
                                                          heated up to
                                                          the point that
                                                          the gas
                                                          ignited and it
                                                          blew flaming
                                                          fuel out of
                                                          the top of the
                                                          stove, around
                                                          the room.  A
                                                          public
                                                          education
                                                          campaign tried
                                                          to prevent
                                                          exactly this
                                                          sort of
                                                          mis-operation.</p>
                                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                                          </div><p class="MsoNormal">Regards</p><p class="MsoNormal">Crispin</p>
                                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                          <div class=""><span class="">_______________________________________________</span><br class="">
                                                          <span class="">Stoves
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                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <br class="">
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                                                          </blockquote>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <br class="">
                                                        <br class="" clear="all">
                                                        <div class=""><br class="">
                                                        </div>
                                                        -- <br class="">
                                                        <div class="">
                                                          <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <div class="">Dean
                                                          Still</div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr" class="">Executive

                                                          Director
                                                          <div class="">Aprovecho
                                                          Research
                                                          Center</div>
                                                          <div class="">PO
                                                          Box 1175</div>
                                                          <div class="">76132
                                                          Blue Mountain
                                                          School Road</div>
                                                          <div class="">Cottage
                                                          Grove, OR
                                                          97424</div>
                                                          <div class=""><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:%28541%29%20767-0287" value="+15417670287" target="_blank" class="">(541) 767-0287</a></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
_______________________________________________<br class="">
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                                                    </div>
                                                  </blockquote>
                                                </div>
                                                <br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <br class="">
                                              <fieldset class=""></fieldset>
                                              <br class="">
                                              <pre class="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
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</pre>
                                </blockquote>
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      <pre wrap="" class="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
    </blockquote>
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_______________________________________________<br class="">Stoves mailing list<br class=""><br class="">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br class=""><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" class="">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br class=""><br class="">to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br class="">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<br class=""><br class="">for more Biomass Cooking Stoves,  News and Information see our web site:<br class="">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/<br class=""><br class=""></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>