<div dir="ltr">Hi Paul,<div><br></div><div>We purchased torrified pellets and burned them in the natural draft TLUDs here. </div><div>The pellets still make flame but there is less PM 2.5. </div><div>We will get back to testing now that Festival season is coming to a close.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Dean</div><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Sep 9, 2015 at 9:08 PM, Paul Anderson <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
Frank, see below. (JSS for web)<br>
<pre cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: <a href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div>On 9/9/2015 9:56 PM, Frank Shields
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
Thanks Paul for the comments,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>So you find the typical pellets suitable for your
TLUD? and they operate at optimum as compared to other mostly
non-uniform types biomass?</div>
<div>This i find interesting. Thanks.</div>
</blockquote>
Nothing is "optimum", but pellets come close. Other biomass can be
quite uniform, such as natural quarters or thirds of nut shells, or
even segments of maize cobs. And "too uniform" are the sawed
pieces of wood that were the "standard fuel" of testing for many
years (and somewhat still is) at Aprovecho because the flat surfaces
would pack together and essentially become 2 or 3 times "thicker".
The greater factors are dryness (MC) and being too large, causing
bridging with big air spaces.<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>When you talk of control over the primary air are
you suggesting a fan? </div>
</blockquote>
No. I was referring to natural draft.<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>If not I would think the conditions of air flow is:
1) diameter of combustion chamber 2) height of combustion
chamber 3) percent air volume in the bulk fuel 4) shape of the
air voids in the bulk fuel 5) temperature of the combustion 6)
evenness of the flame front and 7) insulation of the combustion
chamber. Can’t think of anything else but that is quite a few
variables. A fan would eliminate all these variables. <br>
</div>
</blockquote>
Even a fan cannot overcome these variables if it cannot truly
virtually cut off the air flow. <br>
<br>
I was referring to a sliding door to block the air. And it
surprising how VERY LITTLE primary air can prevent control of a
TLUD. Leaks the diameter of a pin can prevent control. That was
the downfall of the Quad TLUD because the air slipped in past the
tabs in the slots. So the Troika was designed with better sealing
of the bottom (and with one less leg and design factors, but air
leakage was the Quad problem.)<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>With the GEK from All Powers Lab you could pipe the
gases 30 feet where they are cool to the touch and the flame is
a nice blue color with no smoke. Do you think it possible to
achieve these conditions in your TLUD as the set-up are about
the same. But the flame front and char above needs to be HOT. <br>
</div>
</blockquote>
No. GEK is a true downdraft, with the hot pyrolytic gases passing
downward through the red-hot char bed, cracking the long
molecules. TLUDs release the pyrolytic gases upward.<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The cool gases passing through the char zone and
making it past the secondary are the gases Dean is talking about
that with research might be removed from the fuel before using
via torrification. This would be a very interesting research
project. <br>
</div>
</blockquote>
I disagree. The gases removed by torrification are what the TLUD
needs to burn to give the cooking flame. And you will never get
all of them released even as the material goes to higher
temperatures, even when the biomass has become char-400 and then
char-550 and char-800 degrees C and everything in between and
beyond. As Crispin and I and others point out, there are no "dirty
fuels", just inadequate devices for their combustion. Biomass
cannot be cleaned up for use in a TLUD to do what a TLUD is not
intended to do, which is to burn the pyrolytic gases. Funding that
research would take money away for viable research topics. Trying
to make a TLUD into a generator of gases for internal combustion
engines is like training cows to run in the Kentucky Derby, because
you can train them, but they have no chance of winning that race.
But if you want milk, choose a cow, not a horse. <span><span> :-) </span></span><br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>thanks</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word">
<div>Frank Shields</div>
<div><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>On Sep 9, 2015, at 6:36 PM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
<br>
<div>
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Frank and
Alex,<br>
<br>
About the conditions of the fuel and above the fuel, we
can also add the conditions in the bed of char that is
above the MPF. And the main factor that I am thinking
of is the temperature in those zones above the MPF.
Imagine that the gases become rather cool before
reaching the incoming secondary air, then there could be
greater likelihood that some could slip past the
secondary burning.<br>
<br>
Frank asked about the preferred fuel sizes in my (or
other) TLUDs. I do not have such preferences. I like
pellets, of course. But there must be allowance for a
variety of sizes. <br>
<br>
NOTE: I advocate some form of control on the entry of
the primary air that then can move upward. TLUD stoves
that rely on the sizes of the air passageways in the
fuels as the control mechanism are seriously restricted
to a specific size and shape of fuel. <br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: <a href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div>On 9/9/2015 11:42 AM, Frank
Shields wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
Dear Alex,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I think the fuel and the environment
above the fuel is both of equal importance. So do we
change the fuel or the combustion set-up? that is
the question. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>A stove system that is able to burn a
wide variety of fuels and widely sold may be
difficult and/or expensive to make adjustments for a
specific fuel. So in this case if it is easy to
change the fuel that may be preferred. I think the
answer to change the fuel or the stove system
depends on the amount of work and expense involved. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thats the way I look at it today. : )</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Regards</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Frank</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word">
<div>Frank Shields</div>
<div><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>On Sep 9, 2015, at 9:23 AM, alex
english <<a href="mailto:aenglish444@gmail.com" target="_blank">aenglish444@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br>
<div>
<p dir="ltr">Frank,<br>
If there are emissions that derive from fuel
directly and then escape further
'processing' by flame environments by
sneaking by , then they might be called
something like primary fuel derived
emissions. PFDEs. It is safe to say, I
think,that most of these would be
transformed into products of complete or
incomplete combustion in and around the
flame. I may be confused, but this mix would
likely have less to do with the fuel than
the environment above fuel.<br>
Hmm<br>
Alex</p>
<div class="gmail_quote">On 2015-09-09 8:55
AM, "Frank Shields" <<a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a>>
wrote:<br type="attribution">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word">Dear
Paul and Stovers,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>For ‘user-acceptance’ and
‘market driven’ I would think
preparing the fuel optimized for your
stove that quickly boils water with
little dirty emissions is one and the
same.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I would think that would
be drying and, perhaps as Dean has
mentioned, driving off some of the
early volatiles that may pass the
secondary before complete combustion.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Paul - Do you have
information as to the optimum size and
shape the biomass should be for your
stove? That should be determined.</div>
<div>Then we go to testing the
parameters of the biomass like carbon
bulk density and carbon particle
density along with water soluble
sugars and lipids that may contribute
to poor emissions. It could be as
simple as soaking and draining out
constituents to improve the quality as
well as heating to drive off the early
volatiles. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>But first we need to find
what it is in the fuel that causes the
poor emissions. That could be to take
some problem biomass and get a
baseline from testing. </div>
<div>Then pre-heat to drive off
early volatiles and re-test. Then
using another batch soak in hot water,
drain, dry and re-test. And finally
soak in a solvent, drain, dry and
re-test. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Using emissions tests to
get ratios of emission components and
particles might be enough to determine
success. Or add helium surrogate to
get absolute concentrations as they
are produced might be info that would
help. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Regards</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Frank</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word">
<div>Frank Shields</div>
<div><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>On Sep 9, 2015, at
8:20 AM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br>
<div>
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Frank
and Stovers,<br>
<br>
My simplistic interest in the
"induced drying" of biomass
fuels is related to improving
the user-acceptance of the
TLUD cookstoves and the
establishment of some fuel
marketing chain. The degree
of drying / torrification
would be market driven, not
related to emissions or
technical characteristics of
the resultant fuels. <br>
<br>
As the degree of drying /
heating of the fuels
increases, the cost of that
processing will rise. So I
favor the minimum treatment
that will benefit the customer
and will justify the increase
in fuel price. <br>
<br>
A favorable situation would be
to use essentially waste heat
to prepare the future fuel
supplies. Or expend a small
amount of fuel to prepare a
much larger amount of fuel
that will be sold with
sustainable profitability.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: <a href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<blockquote type="cite"> <br>
<div>On 9/8/2015
3:55 PM, Frank Shields
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"> Dear Paul,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Making
batches of different
degrees of torrification
biofuels is one thing
and then testing and
interpreting the results
is another. </div>
<div>Do we
measure success on
emissions or time it
takes to boil water? And
them we have other
variables like bulk
carbon density and
particle carbon density.
Volatiles and adding
moisture. Size and shape
will be important. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>So once we
figure out a way of
making constant quality
material for testing
there is still a lot of
research work to do.
Agreeing on what we use
as a measure of success
is the first.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>regards</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Frank</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word">
<div>Frank
Shields</div>
<div><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>On Sep
6, 2015, at 5:32
AM, Paul Anderson
<<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br>
<div>
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Dear
all,<br>
<br>
While agreeing
with Frank and
Dean, I suggest
that there are
sufficient
"degrees of
torrification"
that we should
subdivide the
discussion.<br>
<br>
1. Wet or green
wood High
moisture content
(MC)<br>
2. Dried in 20%
MC range<br>
3. Dried to 10%
MC or less<br>
4. Kiln dried
(heated to ????
degrees C)<br>
5. Super dried
(heated to maybe
120 C)<br>
6. Toasted
(slightly
browning) 120
to 180 C ???<br>
7. Early
torrified
180 - 240 C ??<br>
8. Fully
torrified
240 - 300 C ??<br>
9. Undergoing
pyrolysis
above 300 C ???<br>
10. And then we
have different
"chars" based on
temperatures
during
production, 400
C, 450 C, 550
C, 700 C, 900 C<br>
<br>
LOTS of question
marks there.
Frank and others
can refine this
much better.
Issues of MC and
temperatures and
"names" (and
related to
sufficient time
to have the heat
impact reach the
center of the
pieces of
biomass, not
just flash
heating), and
probably more
variables.<br>
<br>
To just say
"torrified"
leaves too many
uncertainties
and possible
mis-understandings
/ assumptions by
the large number
of readers in
different
cultures and
with different
experiences.<br>
<br>
I can say that
TLUD stoves
(when properly
made and with
consistent MC in
the fuels) work
very well with
the 3, 4, 5, and
6 (above)
fuels. They do
not like much
moisture
content, and
they do not want
the fuel to be
already
partially
charred.<br>
<br>
Reasonable
quality fuel
supply is so
important for
TLUD
acceptance.
More work could
be done about
this.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
<pre cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: <a href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div>On
9/5/2015 11:45
PM, Frank
Shields wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"> Dear
Dean, Stovers,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I
have not
worked with
stoves but
working with
all types of
pellets
(paper,
manures, etc.)
and good
quality wood
pellets I find
they burn in
pipes very
poorly and
seem they are
really just
good for
pellet stoves
dropping in
one at a
time. </div>
<div>I
think you may
be on to
something in
regards to
torrifying to
some extent
before using
to get a
cleaner
combustion. I
see the real
challenge is
quality
control
because
torrification
takes place in
a very narrow
range and it
is so easy to
have a
‘run-a-way’
combustion
that heats
higher than
the setting
you want. I
was able to
achieve that
in my pipes
but only after
much practice
and s l o w
l y raising
the
temperature to
desired
amount. Not
sure how this
would be done
commercially.
It would be a
very
interesting
project. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We
also may be
able to get
clean
combustion by
finding
constituents
in the pellets
(and all
biomass for
that matter)
that create
these large
organic
volatile
structures
that give
problems and
eliminate them
from the
fuel. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Regards</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Frank</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word">
<div>Frank
Shields</div>
<div><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a></div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>On
Sep 3, 2015,
at 12:28 PM,
Dean Still
<<a href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com" target="_blank">deankstill@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Hi
Frank,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>After
limited
experience in
Uganda and
China my
experience is
that it's not
easy to make
clean burning
recipes for
biomass
pellets.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Seems
like the
torrified
pellets emit
less PM but we
need to do
more tests.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Dean</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On
Thu, Sep 3,
2015 at 8:44
AM, Frank
Shields <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="auto">
<div>Dear
Chispin and
stovers</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Of
course no
mention of the
quality of the
pellets! In
the U.S. The
go through
standard
testing and
results
labeled</div>
<div>On
bags. But
pellets are
made of all
sorts of
materials and
energy values
and volatile
profiles. It
would seem
this would be
part of the
discussion. </div>
<div>Thanks</div>
<div>Frank<br>
<br>
Sent from my
iPhone</div>
<div><br>
On Sep 3,
2015, at 6:13
AM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott
<<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>>
wrote:<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear
Friends</p>
<div> <br>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">There
is a broad
move around
the world to
create
pelleted fuel
from biomass
and burn it in
tighter
spaces. This
report was
noted in the
Alliance for
Green Heat
newsletter:</p>
<div> <br>
</div>
<p style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:blue"><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001d7dcszljjgfEKYA31aaHyRsMRRejQSaDUDJHpy5B3lPW1W0QcteHERbDFukIhEc2-_1cKtvym49J_ai7zvt1WWN26UenG3N6joIskOVraQhcc__S5dpEwVlcw8pbpwWuwRufyvZSstnraBJTXAbr2wOPL-tX7Wypj3swduscC5I1Staun8b2olWMeGwuEsLEKsSA0qsYd2J1B5b7fDXOH7vLn_jPI3y12xty5nULquL9LCJu6LE7P-Ysu5qiL45LFwfyKNL4feu5XOzEawUh0a7X5VAZM8fb7F4K1l1kHGeFIFftvkxNTEEi9J_I05V6LKmiIZSk4GOQXJRAMRf5NDba52L-Wn_9jVkbpqju9Kifq8bMZm_xowV5Qn2NerYbUfu00_a4isbrvL9gktLkSQ==&c=WnPhxOQ3V-ic1ZJ3NBDpcipfRPq-UdIrBKPYwMfkxe-_CRS45fkQ4w==&ch=gnDbpciWOWhz6yV0o8Zdcoli15r_rpgR21xk0iBJKKi_KYRnwLVmTw==" target="_blank"><b>Updated on the Mt. Vernon pellet
stove recall</b></a></span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f">Last
month, we
reported on
the recall of
2,000 Mt.
Vernon E2
pellet
stoves after
about 6
experienced
explosions
that shattered
the glass in
the front
door. No
injuries have
been reported.
The Alliance
wrote to HHT
asking for
clarifications
about what
caused the
malfunction
and whether
the stove
would be 3rd
party tested
again for
safety. </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif"><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001d7dcszljjgfEKYA31aaHyRsMRRejQSaDUDJHpy5B3lPW1W0QcteHEfKhE4oT8BuuAHDwJ1L0g7GrKo5I0xEbbDvkpCt65Xds638GUTKpc9WxdvAozGBIprVOl7vL1wQKB10dTQFUofpAQnr3z9i2zwxCfiQA3rCg4PVvKxSMWgMWDhYiC_fJ7rGJlBpUwsdpb9A-KCa9c_WZg3sRbG1GpSOEsBvotEVw3FLKELU68l1aktAt4KqIrr-AbESuj8iSP6u9wdRQU3L5aMshSI5ocFejIUjrSB94PP9Q2h_zrmWcq3brFPbj1VqWZSiFfmDp50WpCw2b2SOvJ-9NqzbOgn8sgdzIHO2tNWqczgkuFI6d7bzwPt4D_g==&c=WnPhxOQ3V-ic1ZJ3NBDpcipfRPq-UdIrBKPYwMfkxe-_CRS45fkQ4w==&ch=gnDbpciWOWhz6yV0o8Zdcoli15r_rpgR21xk0iBJKKi_KYRnwLVmTw==" target="_blank"><b><span style="color:#4f604f">Click
here</span></b></a></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f"> for
a copy of the
HHT response.</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif"></span></p>
<div><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4f604f"> </span><br>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The
drive to
create better
combustion
often means
having a
staged
gasification-then-burning
type of
design. That
may be a
source of
problems.</p>
<div> <br>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I
know of at
least one
instance of a
very modern
TLUD coal
stove
explosion in
Ulaanbaatar
when the
operator
refuelled it
with a
significant
amount of
lignite (high
volatiles)
while it was
already very
hot. This
generated a
huge amount of
combustible
gas while
simultaneously
extinguishing
the gas
flame.
Eventually it
heated up to
the point that
the gas
ignited and it
blew flaming
fuel out of
the top of the
stove, around
the room. A
public
education
campaign tried
to prevent
exactly this
sort of
mis-operation.</p>
<div> <br>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Regards</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Crispin</p>
<div> <br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite">
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<div><br>
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-- <br>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>Dean
Still</div>
<div dir="ltr">Executive
Director
<div>Aprovecho
Research
Center</div>
<div>PO
Box 1175</div>
<div>76132
Blue Mountain
School Road</div>
<div>Cottage
Grove, OR
97424</div>
<div><a href="tel:%28541%29%20767-0287" value="+15417670287" target="_blank">(541) 767-0287</a></div>
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<br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div>Dean Still</div><div dir="ltr">Executive Director<div>Aprovecho Research Center</div><div>PO Box 1175</div><div>76132 Blue Mountain School Road</div><div>Cottage Grove, OR 97424</div><div>(541) 767-0287</div></div></div></div></div>
</div>