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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Thanks for that vote supporting common sense and equity. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>></span></b>The issue is that low grade coal is able to be burned cleanly in sufficiently inexpensive cookstoves for the climate and culture. <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>I take issue with the term ‘low grade coal’. The term ‘low quality’, when I investigated what it meant back in the day, has nothing to do with its ability to burn cleanly. That surprised me. I though perhaps it was full of sulphur or something. No, it only refers to having high volatiles as a % of total mass. It does not even refer to heat content per kg being above or below some arbitrary value. It just refers to coal with more than 20% volatiles (on a dry basis). That’s it. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>We don’t need to point out that ‘low quality’ coal can be burned cleanly. In other words we don’t need to say “even low quality coal can be burned cleanly”. High or low, if the burner is not matched to the fuel, then the result will be a ‘low quality burn’. The same applies to LPG (which can be made to burn in a very smoky fashion) and ethanol (frequently with high CO) kerosene (both) and pellets, which is just a form of wood or crop material.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>The thing to fight against (and it is literally a fight) is the characterisation of some fuels as clean and others as dirty. Clean and dirty are terms of prejudice, often misapplied to people, cultures, environments, emissions, books and language. Nothing new under the sun, eh?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Once more thing: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>></span>Note that those Mongolian stoves have an important function for household heating, <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>They are cooking stoves that heat the homes as well. Stoves are often cooking 12-14 hours a day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>