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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>All,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Coal is compressed and concentrated former
biomass. Toxins will also be concentrated along with the carbon.
Also during its time in the ground, coal is subject to being
infused with toxins not in the origional biomass. I hesitate calling coal
a fossil fuel because to fossilize means to replace the origional material
with other materials. This does not describe coal or
oil, but fossil fuel is the description we use.
Perhaps sequestered fuel would be a better description.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Coal is mostly sequestered carbon and
burning it unsequesters it, adding the previously sequestered carbon and
sequestered toxins to our living environment. Biomass is actively involved
with our living environment already so burning it does not add any carbon.
Toxins from the soil may possibly enter our living environment through
burning biomass, but it won't be concentrated like some coals. Much
of any toxins should be in the ash for both coal and biomass.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>I assume that testing only coal fires and not
biomass refers to toxins or heavy metals. My biomass stoves have to be
tested.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Harvesting wild fire fuel before the fire would
benifit the environment over using coal. It is a diverse fuel source, but
it does not require digging big holes, so it should not be any more difficult to
harvest than coal. It could provide a lot of fuel for different types
of uses including cook stoves, jobs for a lot of people, and through pelletizing
a possible export product.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kirk</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"
dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=crispinpigott@outlook.com
href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">Crispin Pemberton-Pigott</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Stoves</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, September 24, 2015 12:05
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Stoves] Coal and biochar
stoves</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Dear
Todd</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">You
raise an interesting point and it should not be missed. </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Wood
and coal both contain mercury, sulphur, lead, uranium and other heavy metals,
and the fire emissions contain fly ash, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
numerous chemical species, and particles of incomplete combustion including
condensed volatiles. </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">It
would not be fair to ignore the emissions from any fire. Also it is unfair to
require testing on coal fires and not wood fires. The inherent emissions are
different for different fuels. Categories of fuel include: </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Wood</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Other
biomass</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Peat
lignite</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Coal</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Semi-coked
fuels</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Coke</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Charcoal</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Densified
biomass</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Torrefied
wood</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">The
toxic contents occur in different concentrations and combinations. It is
reasonable to assess fuels individually. There are toxic woods and toxic
coals. There are toxic emissions. Toxicity is strongly dependent on
concentration. </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">When
you consider what and how well something needs to be burned one rule should
apply to all. No pet fuels. </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Regards </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Crispin
</DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr>Stovers:
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>I'm confused. Coal & Biomass stove disconnect? No one is
discussing the dissimilarities.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Is this a logical? The discussion of coal combustion must address
Mercury, fly ash and other heavy metal pollution, not just run of the mill
biomass combustion pollution. Water and air pollution contamination are
other major health concerns. Mining and transporting coal has wide
documented health impacts.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Don't we have to ask although coal maybe combusted cleanly with very well
designed stove compared to an inefficient coal stoves, advanced scrubber
technologies are not affordable or practical for household stoves.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Do any of the biomass stove testing entities have or can afford coal
emission testing technologies? Currently I am not aware of any biomass
testing organization that has the sophistication or equipment for heavy metal
emission testing, or am I incorrect?</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Regards,</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Todd Albi, SilverFire, </DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=x_gmail_extra><BR>
<DIV class=x_gmail_quote>On Wed, Sep 23, 2015 at 7:41 PM, Frank Shields <SPAN
dir=ltr><<A href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com"
target=_blank>franke@cruzio.com</A>></SPAN> wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex"
class=x_gmail_quote>Dear Stovers,<BR><BR>Coal and biomass
stoves:<BR><BR>Similarities:<BR><BR>1) They both have the same goal of
producing a clean secondary flame used to boil water.<BR>2) They both have
achieved this goal (Crispin and Dean - and others)<BR>3) They both have the
three types of energy: a) pyrolysis gases b) solid-C > CO and c) CO >
CO2<BR>4) During optimization the three energy types are adjusted via
primary air to produce the best ratio.<BR><BR>Because they are so much the
same and manipulated the same to optimize conditions for the secondary I
believe the coal stoves should be included in our discussions. They start
with different ratios of the three energy types and it would be very
interesting (to me) to know what the ratio is just before entering the
secondary flame when burning clean. I wonder if they are the same or if we
can learn ranges and limits to the ratios we need to achieve. As we get
better testing techniques to study what goes on in combustion chambers it
would aid us to include the info from coal stoves.<BR><BR>Real problem is
Stove Labs need more money! That to purchase testing equipment for
their research, added personal and they should be testing more
stoves.<BR><BR>as I see it…<BR><BR>Regards<BR><BR>Frank<BR><BR><A
href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com">franke@cruzio.com</A><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Stoves
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