<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Greetings Prof. Lloyd,</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Wondering if you would explain the following interesting graph so that I can understand it? </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I’m just going to use the 4.186 good to three decimals as if I know what I am doing but how did that come from the following graph? and what is going on before 40c that increases the heat capacity of water? and increasing after 40c? What is so great about 40c?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Is the average increase of 4.186 /g water per deg. C based on going from 20c > 95c?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">To increase water from 85c (4.20) to 95c (4.21) a more accurate value is the average of 4.205 j/g/deg.c? </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">To increase water from 15c (4.19) to 30c (4.18) do you suck heat out at a rate of 4.185 per gram per deg. c? Ha! </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">What is happening at 40c to make water have the lowest specific heat capacity?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">No need to answer if it is real complicated and beyond my understanding because I am happy using the value 4.186.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Thanks</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Frank</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><img src="webkit-fake-url://c3bc5db5-e449-4332-a4ca-2505a0aefdea/application.pdf" class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Sep 29, 2015, at 11:58 PM, Philip Lloyd <<a href="mailto:plloyd@mweb.co.za" class="">plloyd@mweb.co.za</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">The thermal capacity of water is not a constant. At 1 atmosphere pressure a good correlation is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><span id="cid:image002.jpg@01D0FB5A.E9128D80"><image002.jpg></span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><a href="https://syeilendrapramuditya.wordpress.com/2011/08/20/water-thermodynamic-properties/" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">https://syeilendrapramuditya.wordpress.com/2011/08/20/water-thermodynamic-properties/</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">which, of course, you have to integrate over the delta T to get the effective value. <o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><span id="cid:image001.gif@01D0FB5B.1DFD7550"><image001.gif></span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">The thermal capacity is less sensitive to pressure over the range you are concerned about – the change to 1500m altitude will affect the 3rd decimal place in value calculated at constant pressure.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">Hope that helps<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">Prof Philip Lloyd</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">Energy Institute</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">Cape Peninsula University of Technology</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">PO Box 1906<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">Bellville 7535<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">Tel: 021 959 4323<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">Fax: 086 778 0257<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">Cell: 083 441 5247<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="">PA: Nadia 021 959 4330<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">-----Original Message-----<br class="">From: Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" class="">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] On Behalf Of Frank Shields<br class="">Sent: 30 September 2015 05:17<br class="">To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br class="">Subject: [Stoves] Question regarding calculations<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">Greetings Stovers,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">Wanting to know if it takes less energy to keep water boiling at 80 deg. C at 1500 meters than at sea level?<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">Also; It take 4.186 j/g/deg.C to raise water from 20c to 80c at sea level. But is it the same at 1500 meters? or is it less than 4.186?<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">Thanks for any understanding help<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">Frank<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">Frank Shields<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">_______________________________________________<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">Stoves mailing list<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Consolas;" class="">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""><span style="color: windowtext; 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