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The cold start is not ignored. The measurement goes from ignition to the completing of the cooking cycle. </div>
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Because there is hardly anything to measure, I caution again that such results are to be viewed skeptically until a special experiment can be conducted.
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The ignition is the smokiest portion of the test so how the fuel is ignited comes to dominate the total emitted. Choosing a different kindling material will give a statistically different result. This is the case as well in Mongolia where the stoves are now
so clean it has devolved into a fire lighting competition. Most of the stoves don't emit anything after they get going well. </div>
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Still, I take you point. If the LPG rate is 8 mg/MJ delivered, as was cited by an Indian delegate to the S4G conference a couple of weeks ago, then at some point the pellet stove will match it because almost all the PM is emitted by minute six. </div>
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I will have a look. </div>
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Regards </div>
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Crispin in Accra</div>
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<div dir="ltr">Crispin,
<div>So the cold start is ignored? Assuming that propane starts cleaner??, how long does the stove have to run before the total gross emissions, including the start-up, match those from the propane stove? </div>
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<div>Alex</div>
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<div class="x_gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="x_gmail_quote">On Tue, Nov 10, 2015 at 3:14 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
<span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">Dear Friends of Clean Cooking<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">I have just reviewed another stove with a particulate production number that is very low. Any test result this clean is always suspect so hold the salt shaker, but we have more tests to analyse.
<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white">The PM<sub>2.5</sub>/MJ<sub>NET</sub> is between 2 and 3 mg/MJ<sub>NET</sub>. That is lower than the claim from India for LPG which is 8 mg/MJ<sub>NET</sub>.<span style="font-family:"helvetica neue",serif; color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">It is a pellet burner with power controllable across the range of 1 to 2.3 kW. That is calculated on a 3 minute smoothed average. The fuel is Albasia Pellets which is the only type available in Central Java. The moisture level is 5.6%.
Sometimes it is a little higher, towards 8%. In the past few months it has always been between 5.5 and 6%.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">The importance of this is not just this particular stove, it is the demonstration that biomass can be burned with extremely low emissions in a relatively inexpensive natural draft stove. Remember, this is the second stove seen recently
that outperformed any fan stove I have seen. Fans tend to stir up particles, lofting them on the high velocity air giving elevated PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>4</sub> readings. PM<sub>4</sub> is unusual in natural draft stoves.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">The oft-repeated claim that a stove needs a fan in order to be ‘really clean’ seems to be the old thinking now. The reduction measured against the baseline (burning wood, not pellets) is over 99%. At this low level we have to quibble
over the precision. Let’s just say that after 4 minutes from ignition the PM level is very low.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">The test duration is about 80 minutes and involves replication the cooking behaviour in Central Java. The stove is made in Indonesia.
<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">The system efficiency (energy in the fuel loaded v.s. the energy in the pot) is just over 30%. The thermal efficiency (energy in the fuel completely combusted v.s. the energy in the pot) is just over 43%. The average Heat Transfer Efficiency
was 44.7%, with the low power average being 46.5%. <u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Just to give you a picture of CO, the CO/CO<sub>2</sub> ratio at low power was 1.0%, rising with firepower. The CO/MJ<sub>NET</sub> was between 3 and 4 g so it can still be improved.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Regards<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Crispin in Accra with a pile of friends<u></u><u></u></p>
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