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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>There is a guy in India who is contributing to the work of Working Group 3 (Field Testing) who says he can give me an ultimate analysis of any biofuel based on 4 measurements. It reminds me of the work of Dr Tom Reed who proposed a general case for all biomass composition. On an ash-free dry basis, all biomass is substantially the same, and when factoring in the volatile %, a ‘pretty good guess’ can be made for the overall composition. In that case, using a formula I dug out of a mouldy book, I can calculate the energy content of the fuel by adding in the ash and moisture again.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>How well this applies to dung and highly processed fuels, I don’t know. It will be helpful to compare the theory and practice of this and your (and other?) approaches. It will make the science of stoves more accessible.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>I am offline for a little while. We will pick this up again in Beijing.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Crispin,<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Interesting. A single stove with different inserts and a collection of fuels that are often mixed. Lets not make it easy! <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Any combination of 1) fuels (and fuel mixes) and 2) stove inserts for any 3) task that actually works can be tested. For example if you fill a TLUD with cow manure it likely will not complete a task of boiling seven liters of water for an hour - so no need to test.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>So gather your one stove with insert, your one fuel (or mix) and state the one task and test to make sure the task can be completed.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>The fuel description is two parts:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>1) the general physical description of type, size, shape, bark included, etc to gather fuel as close to that being used as possible.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>2) then fine tune the fuel by normalizing energy values using the two volatile ones and the char (DAF) and moisture.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>And make sure the task has a sharp end point when completed so to stop the clock. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>So if you have a calorimeter to get total energy and a furnace with pipes to determine volatile energy and can ash samples to determine char DAF content (without ash included) we are ready to go.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> Regards<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Frank<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Frank Shields<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Nov 22, 2015, at 3:30 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>Dear Frank the Patient<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>The stoves currently in use are burning everything. The description given by John Davies is apt: a box with a chimney. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>>The fuels you list are very different so do you have several stoves designed to burn each of the different fuels? <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>Well that is the problem: no, there is a single stove. A possible high efficiency option is the use of inserts optimised for each fuel, but they are often burned together. For example people often mix dung and wood. Some efforts have been made to find 'more efficient' stoves which usually means extracting more heat without improving the combustion efficiency. I will check. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>>The fuels need to be prepared as they are likely going to be on site regarding moisture and size, densified (pellets or pressed into cylinders), split, ground etc. Any process that is likely to take place at the location in prep for the combustion apparatus.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>This is how to do a contextual test in a lab. There is no need to drag the lab into the field if you know what they are going to do and use. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>The stoves are designed to heat and cook. And bake I think, at least some of them. The major issue I see is they are all similar to the Mongolian baseline stoves, which is to say, copies of a Russian portable wood stove. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>>Only the stoves that can actually use the fuel and expect to do a good job for the task intended. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>But we already know they are going to use all those fuels. Now what?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Slate Pro",serif;color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>