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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Hi Ron<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> biochar@yahoogroups.com [mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com] <br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 23, 2015 1:36 AM<br><b>To:</b> Lloyd Helferty <lhelferty@sympatico.ca><br><b>Cc:</b> Biochar <biochar@yahoogroups.com>; Entire Group <biocharstoves-7xpll@wiggiomail.com>; S. Jain (Env. Engg.) <sureshjiitd@gmail.com>; Discussion of biomass <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [biochar] [biochar-stoves] A review of chronological development in cookstove assessment methods: Challenges and way forward<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'># “Efficiency” can be anything that you define it to be. </span> <span style='color:#1F497D'>Usually, it is defined as “(Useful Output Energy)/(Input Energy)”</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Lloyd et al: Adding “stoves - as that is where we have had a similar dialog in the past<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> I promised an example. Use energy of wood and charcoal as measured to be 18 and 30 MJ/kg - both possible.)<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Assume 1 kg of wood into the stove - or 18 MJ. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Assume water boiling away calculates to 6 MJ; Effic1 = 6/18 = 33% (Some say stop here; this is a typical number for many stoves including TLUDs)<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'># This is a valid calculation of “Wood Energy Utilization Efficiency” or “Stove Efficiency”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Assume (to get easy numbers) 26.7% (a little high but a possible number) by weight char production - gives .267* 30 = 8 MJ in the char. Effic2 = 8/18 = .444 = 44%, <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># With the assumption of 26.7% charcoal yield weight, this is a valid calculation for “Energy Content of Charcoal as a % of the energy content of the initial biomass.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Using the pyrolysis gases in the denominator - Effic 3 = 6/(18-8) = 6/10 = 60% (This use of the char energy in the denominator is the most common way of handling char- added (60-33 =) 27% to the reported value of the stove - ) <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># This is an invalid calculation of stove efficiency. Only 6 MJ of the input fuel went to performing the “stove function” of actually boiling water. It wrongly deducts “carbon energy loss to the ashpit” from the input fuel energy. It is not a measure of “Stove Efficiency”. At the best, it is an “Energy Allocation Balance”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> But I think it more proper to add the first two efficiencies: Effic4 = Effic1+ Effic 2 = .333+.444 = .777 (17.7% bigger than the 60% value - and I think also an honest way to look at what is going on. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># That process complicates the matter in a deceptive manner.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Last I saw, EPA did not add these together, but they did report Effic 1 and Effic 2. Sales people for biochar and TLUDs are apt to add them of course. We obviously want both numbers to be as high as possible.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># No. We want the numbers to be truthful and helpful, and not deceptive and misleading.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> The losses are 18-6-8 = 4 MJ or 4/18= 22.2% (mostly hot gases). This is what we should be concentrating on - not 100-60 = 40%. In inefficiency terms, I claim the losses we want to reduce are nowhere near 40% - if you want both char and water boiled away. 40% is the portion of energy in the pyrolysis gases that we failed to capture. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># The Stove Efficiency, (Energy Transferred to Boiling Water) / (Input Fuel Energy), is 6/18=33.33%. Removing the energy content of the charcoal produced in a TLUD from the fuel energy input is a misleading “paper exercise” deception when the result is termed “Stove Efficiency”. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> If we burnt the wood (no resultant char) rather than pyrolyze it, we might expect to have a 60% efficient stove - but no-one measures any wood stove that high.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># Wood Chips are routinely burned in boilers at an efficiency of 80% to 90%.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Why not? I don’t have a good answer, but suspect it might relate to how hydrogen fits in. That is - with little hydrogen in the char, the hot gases are more hydrogen rich with a pyrolysis stove. Better heat transfer with more hydrogen? A hotter flame? Or is the effect due to oxygen - which also is a lower percentage in char than in wood? Or both?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># One does not have to know the “internal workings of a stove system” to determine Stove Efficiency. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>One only needs to know (Useful Output Energy)/Input Energy).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Comments appreciated when we are striving to make char in a stove:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Q1: are the losses 22%, 40%, or 67%?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># A1: As a Stove, the losses are 67%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal> Q2: Is the efficiency 78%, 60%, or 33%?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'># A2: As a Stove, the efficiency is 33%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Kevin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Ron<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>On Nov 22, 2015, at 5:40 PM, Lloyd Helferty <<a href="mailto:lhelferty@sympatico.ca">lhelferty@sympatico.ca</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks, Ron.<br><br> I know nothing about the Jetter/EPA total efficiency calculation(s) that "use the char’s energy value".<br>Could you elaborate?<br> Is the Jetter/EPA total efficiency calculation your preferred methodology as a <i>next step</i> to the "WBT"?<br><br>(Yes, I am quite out of touch with the latest in "Stove testing" methodologies. What "efficiency" methodology does the GACC currently endorse when testing stoves that produce biochar? Is it still an open question?)<br><br>Regards,<br><br><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca/">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Earth Stewardship consultant, Passive Remediation Systems Ltd. (PRSI)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.prsi.ca/">http://www.prsi.ca/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Promotions Manager, Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://csayouthnetwork.wordpress.com/">http://csayouthnetwork.wordpress.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/">http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=6756248">https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=6756248</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> 48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> 905-707-8754<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> CELL: 647-886-8754<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Skype: lloyd.helferty<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Co-manager, Sustainable Agriculture Group<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Sustainable-Agriculture-3866458">http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Sustainable-Agriculture-3866458</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Steering Committee coordinator<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Community Sustainability (CoSWoG), A working group of Science for Peace<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> was: <a href="http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/">http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Member of the Don Watershed Regeneration Council (DWRC)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Advisory Committee Member, IBI<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.biocharontario.ca/">http://www.biocharontario.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> <a href="http://www.biochar.ca/">www.biochar.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>"Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, Nothing is going to get better. It's not."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> — Dr. Seuss (The Lorax)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal>On 2015-11-22 3:13 PM, Ronal W. Larson wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Lloyd etal <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> I am imagining a charcoal-making stove owner who has 2 clients to whom she sells charcoal. One client (A) burns the char; the other (B) uses it as biochar. How can one say the stove has two different efficiencies?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> But another argument is that if all the produced char is used by C as biochar - it must be that the char’s soil value exceeded the energy value. So perhaps the efficiency value for client C should be even better than for case A. This soil use for the char is where I think we are heading.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> In sum, I see no reason to do other than use the char’s energy value when calculating a total efficiency - as is being done by Jetter/EPA/<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Ron<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>On Nov 22, 2015, at 7:48 AM, Lloyd Helferty [biochar] <<a href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>Ron,<br><br> In reading that quoted/highlighted paragraph, my expectation is that the term, "</span><i><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>utilizing </span></i><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>the </span><b><u><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif'>charcoal</span></u></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>" (..."should be considered as a useful energy") is <i>probably</i> meant to assume that the leftover/residual charcoal would subsequently be utilized as a <b>fuel</b>, and probably not as<b>biochar</b>. If the resulting charcoal is used in a non-energy application (i.e. as biochar) then one does not normally talk about or refer to, "the<i><u>energy</u></i> stored in the charcoal" as being "useful" anymore, if one considers the classical [non-regenerative / linear] energy models. (Of course if one understands the use of biochar from a holistic** perspective, it can make sense to use biochar in a non-fuel application if that application results in a boost to the actual [biomass] fuel -- and food -- <i>production capabilities</i> of the soil from which the original stove 'fuel' was derived... but of course those are more complex calculations that must also consider time and a number of other variables which are not normally taken into consideration.)<br><br>**Note: If considered in this holistic perspective / context, the use of <i>soil-health enhancing</i> materials like biochar will very likely eventually be a<i>prerequisite</i> of the very definition of "sustainable" biofuels / biomaterials.<br><br>CC: Biochar group<br><br>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> Lloyd Helferty<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>On 2015-11-22 3:58 AM, Ron Larson wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>Professor Jain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> 1. Thank you for a tremendously useful document. Especially that you (Elsevier?, TERI?) have made it available on a non-fee basis (for a <b><u>SHORT</u> time).</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> </span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>2. I am a little surprised (and delighted) that I received this on the climate change list. I am alerting four other lists who will also find this most useful.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> 3. To me, interested in both climate change (through biochar - not mentioned) and stoves, the most important sentence in your exceedingly thorough (161 cites) is this partial paragraph in Section 2.3.1 (emphases added):<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'> <i> “The energy expenditure in the form of fuel for boiling and evaporating water is calculated by standardizing the amount of raw fuel with fuel moisture content, ambient temperature, </i></span><b><i><u><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>charcoal</span></u></i></b><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'> formed fuel and calorific value of fuel and </span></i><b><i><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>charcoal</span></u></i></b><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>. This is called the ‘equivalent dry wood consumed’. </span></i><b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>Charcoal</span></i></b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;background:white'> </span></i><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>utilization after the cooking process in real households has not been validated in any of the studies. If the </span></i><b><i><u><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>charcoal</span></u></i></b><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'> disposed by targeted population then the fuel consumption can be corrected. </span></i><i><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E'> <span style='background:white'>If a certain community has a habit of utilizing the </span><b><u>charcoal</u></b><span style='background:white'> then </span></span></i><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E'>…</span></i><i><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E'>..</span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E'>t<b><u>he energy stored in the charcoal</u></b> <b><u>should be considered as a useful energy</u></b></span></i><i><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>.” </span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> 4. As I know you know, there is more than one way to report the impact of charcoal production in stove comparisons. Examples coming.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> 5. I could not find an email address for Ms. (Dr?) Pooja Arora. I intend to look up other papers she and you have published. Please congratulate her as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>Again, thanks for a very useful stove assessment document. I am aware of nothing like it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>Ron (first/past “stove” and “biochar” lists coordinator)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>On Nov 21, 2015, at 10:09 PM, S. Jain (Env. Engg.) wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Dear Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>We are sharing with you an article on <b><i><span style='color:#17375E'>Chronological development in cookstove assessment methods: Challenges and way forward</span></i></b>. We hope to receive your inputs and comments on the same. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Abstract</span></b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>This review intended to collect and collate the information related to cookstove testing methodologies applied in lab and field conditions and their output in the form of energy and emission parameters. The important information related to progression of cookstove testing techniques was segregated in order to understand the relationships in different indicators of cookstove performance and to understand the sources of uncertainty in emission data. The major research issue that has been dwelt upon in the recent literature is the establishment of relationship between lab and field results of cookstove performance. It is observed that controlled cooking test and kitchen performance test are the two field based tests which provide a better picture of a particular cookstove performance as it involves the user perspective. Misrepresentation of actual cookstove performance based on laboratory based testing puts the present standard protocols in question. Solutions have been put forward by some research studies; however a validation is needed through multiple scientific investigations conducted at various temporal and spatial scales. It has been observed that cookstove testing methodologies are still in their nascent stage compared to the research that has already been conducted for other sources where biomass combustion emissions have studied thoroughly. Still the shift in focus of upcoming research studies towards field based integrated cookstove testing methodologies has the potential to drive future cookstove research in the new direction.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.5pt'>We are providing you with the following personal article link, which will provide free access to your article, and is valid for 50 days, until January 10, 2016</span><br><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><br></span><a href="http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1S4Na4s9HvhN9u"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1S4Na4s9HvhN9u</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>__._,_.___<o:p></o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal>Posted by: "Ronal W. Larson" <<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>> <o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td style='padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/biochar/conversations/messages/18762;_ylc=X3oDMTJya29xZ2tkBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyNDM4MDUyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNzQxODYxMgRtc2dJZAMxODc2MgRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNycGx5BHN0aW1lAzE0NDgyNTY5ODk-?act=reply&messageNum=18762"><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply via web post</span></b></a><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in'><a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net?subject=Re%3A%20%5Bbiochar%5D%20%5Bbiochar-stoves%5D%20A%20review%20of%20chronological%20development%20in%20cookstove%20assessment%20methods%3A%20Challenges%20and%20way%20forward"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply to sender </span></a><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p 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Jain (Env. Engg.) <sureshjiitd@gmail.com>; Discussion of biomass <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [biochar] [biochar-stoves] A review of chronological development in cookstove assessment methods: Challenges and way forward<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div id=ygrp-mlmsg><div id=ygrp-msg><div id=ygrp-text><div><p class=MsoNormal>Lloyd et al: Adding “stoves - as that is where we have had a similar dialog in the past<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>I promised an example. Use energy of wood and charcoal as measured to be 18 and 30 MJ/kg - both possible.)<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>Assume 1 kg of wood into the stove - or 18 MJ. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>Assume water boiling away calculates to 6 MJ; Effic1 = 6/18 = 33% (Some say stop here; this is a typical number for many stoves including TLUDs)<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>Assume (to get easy numbers) 26.7% (a little high but a possible number) by weight char production - gives .267* 30 = 8 MJ in the char. Effic2 = 8/18 = .444 = 44%, <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span> Using the pyrolysis gases in the denominator - Effic 3 = 6/(18-8) = 6/10 = 60% (This use of the char energy in the denominator is the most common way of handling char- added (60-33 =) 27% to the reported value of the stove - )<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>But I think it more proper to add the first two efficiencies: Effic4 = Effic1+ Effic 2 = .333+.444 = .777 (17.7% bigger than the 60% value - and I think also an honest way to look at what is going on. Last I saw, EPA did not add these together, but they did report Effic 1 and Effic 2. Sales people for biochar and TLUDs are apt to add them of course. We obviously want both numbers to be as high as possible.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>The losses are 18-6-8 = 4 MJ or 4/18= 22.2% (mostly hot gases). This is what we should be concentrating on - not 100-60 = 40%. In inefficiency terms, I claim the losses we want to reduce are nowhere near 40% - if you want both char and water boiled away. 40% is the portion of energy in the pyrolysis gases that we failed to capture. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>If we burnt the wood (no resultant char) rather than pyrolyze it, we might expect to have a 60% efficient stove - but no-one measures any wood stove that high. Why not? I don’t have a good answer, but suspect it might relate to how hydrogen fits in. That is - with little hydrogen in the char, the hot gases are more hydrogen rich with a pyrolysis stove. Better heat transfer with more hydrogen? A hotter flame? Or is the effect due to oxygen - which also is a lower percentage in char than in wood? Or both?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>Comments appreciated when we are striving to make char in a stove:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span> Q1: are the losses 22%, 40%, or 67%?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span> Q2: Is the efficiency 78%, 60%, or 33%?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Ron<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Nov 22, 2015, at 5:40 PM, Lloyd Helferty <<a href="mailto:lhelferty@sympatico.ca">lhelferty@sympatico.ca</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks, Ron.<br><br> I know nothing about the Jetter/EPA total efficiency calculation(s) that "use the char’s energy value".<br>Could you elaborate?<br> Is the Jetter/EPA total efficiency calculation your preferred methodology as a <i>next step</i> to the "WBT"?<br><br>(Yes, I am quite out of touch with the latest in "Stove testing" methodologies. What "efficiency" methodology does the GACC currently endorse when testing stoves that produce biochar? Is it still an open question?)<br><br>Regards,<br><br><o:p></o:p></p><pre> Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca/">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Earth Stewardship consultant, Passive Remediation Systems Ltd. (PRSI)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.prsi.ca/">http://www.prsi.ca/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Promotions Manager, Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://csayouthnetwork.wordpress.com/">http://csayouthnetwork.wordpress.com/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/">http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=6756248">https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=6756248</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> 48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> 905-707-8754<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> CELL: 647-886-8754<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Skype: lloyd.helferty<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Co-manager, Sustainable Agriculture Group<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Sustainable-Agriculture-3866458">http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Sustainable-Agriculture-3866458</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Steering Committee coordinator<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Community Sustainability (CoSWoG), A working group of Science for Peace<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> was: <a href="http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/">http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Member of the Don Watershed Regeneration Council (DWRC)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> Advisory Committee Member, IBI<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.biocharontario.ca/">http://www.biocharontario.ca</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://www.biochar.ca/">www.biochar.ca</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>"Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, Nothing is going to get better. It's not."<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> — Dr. Seuss (The Lorax)<o:p></o:p></pre><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 2015-11-22 3:13 PM, Ronal W. Larson wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal>Lloyd etal <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>I am imagining a charcoal-making stove owner who has 2 clients to whom she sells charcoal. One client (A) burns the char; the other (B) uses it as biochar. How can one say the stove has two different efficiencies?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>But another argument is that if all the produced char is used by C as biochar - it must be that the char’s soil value exceeded the energy value. So perhaps the efficiency value for client C should be even better than for case A. This soil use for the char is where I think we are heading.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span>In sum, I see no reason to do other than use the char’s energy value when calculating a total efficiency - as is being done by Jetter/EPA/<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Ron<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Nov 22, 2015, at 7:48 AM, Lloyd Helferty [biochar] <<a href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div id=ygrp-mlmsg><div id=ygrp-msg><div id=ygrp-text><p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>Ron,<br><br> In reading that quoted/highlighted paragraph, my expectation is that the term, "</span><i><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>utilizing<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></i><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><b><u><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif'>charcoal</span></u></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>" (..."should be considered as a useful energy") is<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><i>probably</i><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>meant to assume that the leftover/residual charcoal would subsequently be utilized as a<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b>fuel</b>, and probably not as<b>biochar</b>. If the resulting charcoal is used in a non-energy application (i.e. as biochar) then one does not normally talk about or refer to, "the<i><u>energy</u></i><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>stored in the charcoal" as being "useful" anymore, if one considers the classical [non-regenerative / linear] energy models. (Of course if one understands the use of biochar from a holistic** perspective, it can make sense to use biochar in a non-fuel application if that application results in a boost to the actual [biomass] fuel -- and food --<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><i>production capabilities</i><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>of the soil from which the original stove 'fuel' was derived... but of course those are more complex calculations that must also consider time and a number of other variables which are not normally taken into consideration.)<br><br>**Note: If considered in this holistic perspective / context, the use of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><i>soil-health enhancing</i><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>materials like biochar will very likely eventually be a<i>prerequisite</i><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>of the very definition of "sustainable" biofuels / biomaterials.<br><br>CC: Biochar group<br><br>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p><pre><span style='font-size:11.5pt'> Lloyd Helferty<o:p></o:p></span></pre><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>On 2015-11-22 3:58 AM, Ron Larson wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='margin-left:3.0pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>Professor Jain<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>1. Thank you for a tremendously useful document. Especially that you (Elsevier?, TERI?) have made it available on a non-fee basis (for a<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b><u>SHORT</u><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>time).</b><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> </span></b></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>2. I am a little surprised (and delighted) that I received this on the climate change list. I am alerting four other lists who will also find this most useful.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>3. To me, interested in both climate change (through biochar - not mentioned) and stoves, the most important sentence in your exceedingly thorough (161 cites) is this partial paragraph in Section 2.3.1 (emphases added):<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'> <span class=apple-converted-space><i> </i></span><i> “The energy expenditure in the form of fuel for boiling and evaporating water is calculated by standardizing the amount of raw fuel with fuel moisture content, ambient temperature,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></i></span><b><i><u><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>charcoal</span></u></i></b><span class=apple-converted-space><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'> </span></i></span><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>formed fuel and calorific value of fuel and<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></i><b><i><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>charcoal</span></u></i></b><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>. This is called the ‘equivalent dry wood consumed’.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></i><b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>Charcoal</span></i></b><span class=apple-converted-space><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;background:white'> </span></i></span><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>utilization after the cooking process in real households has not been validated in any of the studies. If the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></i><b><i><u><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>charcoal</span></u></i></b><span class=apple-converted-space><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'> </span></i></span><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>disposed by targeted population then the fuel consumption can be corrected. </span></i><i><span style='font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E'> <span style='background:white'>If a certain community has a habit of utilizing the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><b><u>charcoal</u></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='background:white'> </span></span><span style='background:white'>then </span></span></i><i><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E'>…</span></i><i><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E'>..</span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E'>t<b><u>he energy stored in the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span>charcoal</u></b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b><u>should be considered as a useful energy</u></b></span></i><i><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2E2E2E;background:white'>.” </span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>4. As I know you know, there is more than one way to report the impact of charcoal production in stove comparisons. Examples coming.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>5. I could not find an email address for Ms. (Dr?) Pooja Arora. I intend to look up other papers she and you have published. Please congratulate her as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>Again, thanks for a very useful stove assessment document. I am aware of nothing like it.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>Ron (first/past “stove” and “biochar” lists coordinator)<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'>On Nov 21, 2015, at 10:09 PM, S. Jain (Env. Engg.) wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif'><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><blockquote style='margin-left:3.0pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Dear Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>We are sharing with you an article on <b><i><span style='color:#17375E'>Chronological development in cookstove assessment methods: Challenges and way forward</span></i></b>. We hope to receive your inputs and comments on the same. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'> </span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Abstract</span></b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>This review intended to collect and collate the information related to cookstove testing methodologies applied in lab and field conditions and their output in the form of energy and emission parameters. The important information related to progression of cookstove testing techniques was segregated in order to understand the relationships in different indicators of cookstove performance and to understand the sources of uncertainty in emission data. The major research issue that has been dwelt upon in the recent literature is the establishment of relationship between lab and field results of cookstove performance. It is observed that controlled cooking test and kitchen performance test are the two field based tests which provide a better picture of a particular cookstove performance as it involves the user perspective. Misrepresentation of actual cookstove performance based on laboratory based testing puts the present standard protocols in question. Solutions have been put forward by some research studies; however a validation is needed through multiple scientific investigations conducted at various temporal and spatial scales. It has been observed that cookstove testing methodologies are still in their nascent stage compared to the research that has already been conducted for other sources where biomass combustion emissions have studied thoroughly. Still the shift in focus of upcoming research studies towards field based integrated cookstove testing methodologies has the potential to drive future cookstove research in the new direction.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.5pt'>We are providing you with the following personal article link, which will provide free access to your article, and is valid for 50 days, until January 10, 2016</span><br><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><br><a href="http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1S4Na4s9HvhN9u"><span style='font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1S4Na4s9HvhN9u</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>__._,_.___<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style='margin-top:7.5pt' id=fromDMARC><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal>Posted by: "Ronal W. 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