<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Paul, Stovers,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><see below></div><div class=""><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Nov 24, 2015, at 4:26 AM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" class="">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" class="">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class="">
Frank,<br class="">
<br class="">
I (and probably others) are reading with interest your dialog with
Crispin. Important stuff (but outside of my comfort zone for
contributing.) Let's see where this leads us.<br class="">
<br class="">
I would appreciate some comments about the change in the volatile
matter (and other issues) when char is created at 450 C vs 550 C vs
650 C (or other key temperatures). You have pointed out the
importance of E 450 (energy in 450 degree C Char). But is it
changing much when created at higher temps? We generally say that
TLUD char is 550 or 600 C char.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div><div>What is important here (for me) is coming up with a reasonable accurate energy value for the char (DAF) without additional testing. Higher temperatures would be better. With a TGA any temperature is easy to get so from now on I will try to remember to say 600c. From what I have seen there is little difference. </div><div><br class=""></div><div>And what we are doing in the lab to normalize energy from the fuels chosen has nothing to do with what you are doing in real life. Lab does it so all labs will get the same results from all stoves. Once we figure out how to do that you can bring in your stoves for testing and we labs will see what your stove gets. </div><div><br class=""></div><div>What I am counting on is that the carbon graphite structure in char produced will have the same energy value as that derived from grass, twigs, manure, bark, wood etc. And that char is made of 90+% carbon on a DAF basis at the higher temperature you suggest (600c). </div><div><br class=""></div><div>That total char energy is then split into Solid-C -> CO and CO -> CO2 energy by a percentage. The CO -> CO2 energy I plan to add that to the volatile pyrolyze energy as (possible) energy that can be used for the task. The best designed stove will be able to use as much as that as possible in the secondary. The SolidC -> CO is heating the stove and boiling moisture, keeping the fire going, etc. but not for the secondary flame used for the task. </div><div><br class=""></div><div>So we labs gather fuel as close as we can to the fuel used at a real site then normalize (tweak) it based on all the volatile energy (maximum) that can be used to do the task. Is my thinking.</div><div><br class=""></div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class="">
<br class="">
How much are these differences going to impact the discussion you
are having with Crispin? I suspect that above 450 C, the weight
loss of higher temp chars is closely proportional to the energy lost
when that weight was lost. If that is not correct, then the
calculations you are discussing with Crispin have an additional
complication, which is the temperature at which the resultant char
was formed.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div><div>More testing needed BUT if you look at what Tom Reed did there is little (but some) difference in changing weight. But I am more inclined to require labs certified for stove testing to have a TGA and not concern with testing in the back yard as I once was. So 600c it is as long as I remember to use it. </div><div><br class=""></div><div>Whats left in the char is ash. And if a CHN analysis is run on the char to get percent carbon I have found the Oxygen and hydrogen to be very low on samples with low ash. Oxygen is done by difference. The CHN is challenging to get good results. Moisture absorbed upon sitting adds hydrogen and oxygen (weight not accounted for). More testing needs to be done to add to what Tom Reed (love that guy) has done so to get a percent carbon in the char DAF. That so to report the total energy value of the char.</div><div><br class=""></div><div>Regards</div><div><br class=""></div><div>Frank</div><div><br class=""></div><div><br class=""></div><div><br class=""></div><div><br class=""></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" class="">
<br class="">
Paul<br class="">
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com/">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 11/24/2015 12:09 AM, Frank Shields
wrote:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:AC611500-F2A8-474C-8041-72660D7F2F78@cruzio.com" type="cite" class="">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" class="">
Dear Crispin, Stovers,
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Please see below:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
<div class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On Nov 23, 2015, at 11:25 AM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" class="">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style:
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align:
start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Dear
Frank<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">There
is a guy in India who is contributing to the work of
Working Group 3 (Field Testing) who says he can give
me an ultimate analysis of any biofuel based on 4
measurements.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Does he have a TGA and CHN analyzer? or calorimeter? </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style:
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align:
start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""> It
reminds me of the work of Dr Tom Reed who proposed a
general case for all biomass composition. On an
ash-free dry basis, all biomass is substantially the
same, and when factoring in the volatile %, a
‘pretty good guess’ can be made for the overall
composition. </span></div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Well this is where we really differ. We are talking
biomass fuels ranging from manures to Richards formulated
pressed fuels. Nothing you can look up. And all tests must
be directly related to the fuel being used or we waste our
time and lots of room for corruption. So we need to
determine total energy, volatile matter at 550c and volatile
energy 450C (under N2). Can he give us those values with a
TGA? And a calorimeter to give total energy dry wt? If not
we can go through the motions with your book values and see
how things work. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">What I do believe is the same is the energy value of the
char (under N2 -DAF) values. It is between 80 and 90% carbon
with one % hydrogen and the rest oxygen. I am suggesting
giving that value 85%C, 1% H to use in calculating for the
energy of that fraction. That will be our biggest variable
but because all will be using it and that a much larger
energy fraction will go off as the volatiles (450c in N2)
and that only a percentage of this energy value is used in
the calculations for what is used to ‘boil the water’ task -
it is a small error. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">For example: </div>
<div class="">Total dry sample is 100g (1800kj)</div>
<div class="">Ash 8g</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Volatile fraction 75g (450c-N2)(1800-510=1290kj)</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Fixed sample 25g </div>
<div class="">Fixed sample DAF 17g </div>
<div class="">Estimating: </div>
<div class="">(510kj) (using 30kj/g)</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Estimating: </div>
<div class="">This is 85% carbon (14.5 g C) and <1% H (0.17g) </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">The carbon goes from Solid-C > CO and</div>
<div class="">CO > CO2 both releasing energy.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">****What I want help with is how to determine the
percentage of the energy from the 14.5g carbon that is
released when converting to CO and the rest of the energy
from CO -> CO2. Not sure if its Bond Energy or Enthalpy
to use for the calculations? </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">and what is the bond energy required to remove a carbon
from a graphite sheet? I think its held with three bonds and
the fourth holding the sheets together without a ‘bond’.
That is C (three bonds C = 960 kj/mol or 960/12 = 80g??</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">O2 has a bond energy of 498 kj/mol or 498/16 = 31.1
kj/g?? or is it 498 = 15.6??</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Thanks for any help.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Regards</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Frank</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style:
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align:
start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">In
that case, using a formula I dug out of a moldy
book, I can calculate the energy content of the fuel
by adding in the ash and moisture again.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style:
normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align:
start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">How
well this applies to dung and highly processed
fuels, I don’t know. It will be helpful to compare
the theory and practice of this and your (and
other?) approaches. It will make the science of
stoves more accessible.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">I am
offline for a little while. We will pick this up
again in Beijing.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Crispin<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Dear
Crispin,<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Interesting.
A single stove with different inserts and a
collection of fuels that are often mixed. Lets not
make it easy! <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Any
combination of 1) fuels (and fuel mixes) and 2)
stove inserts for any 3) task that actually works
can be tested. For example if you fill a TLUD with
cow manure it likely will not complete a task of
boiling seven liters of water for an hour - so no
need to test.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">So
gather your one stove with insert, your one fuel (or
mix) and state the one task and test to make sure
the task can be completed.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">The
fuel description is two parts:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">1)
the general physical description of type, size,
shape, bark included, etc to gather fuel as close to
that being used as possible.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">2)
then fine tune the fuel by normalizing energy values
using the two volatile ones and the char (DAF) and
moisture.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">And
make sure the task has a sharp end point when
completed so to stop the clock. <o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">So
if you have a calorimeter to get total energy and a
furnace with pipes to determine volatile energy and
can ash samples to determine char DAF content
(without ash included) we are ready to go.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""> Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Frank<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Frank
Shields<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div class="">
<blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom:
5pt;" class="" type="cite">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">On Nov 22, 2015, at 3:30 PM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>>
wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">Dear
Frank the Patient<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">The
stoves currently in use are burning
everything. The description given by
John Davies is apt: a box with a
chimney. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">>The
fuels you list are very different so
do you have several stoves designed to
burn each of the different fuels? <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">Well that
is the problem: no, there is a single
stove. A possible high efficiency
option is the use of inserts optimised
for each fuel, but they are often
burned together. For example people
often mix dung and wood. Some efforts
have been made to find 'more
efficient' stoves which usually means
extracting more heat without improving
the combustion efficiency. I will
check. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">>The
fuels need to be prepared as they are
likely going to be on site regarding
moisture and size, densified (pellets
or pressed into cylinders), split,
ground etc. Any process that is likely
to take place at the location in prep
for the combustion apparatus.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">This is
how to do a contextual test in a lab.
There is no need to drag the lab into
the field if you know what they are
going to do and use. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">The
stoves are designed to heat and cook.
And bake I think, at least some of
them. The major issue I see is they
are all similar to the Mongolian
baseline stoves, which is to say,
copies of a Russian portable wood
stove.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">>Only
the stoves that can actually use the
fuel and expect to do a good job for
the task intended. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">But we
already know they are going to use all
those fuels. Now what?<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New
Roman', serif; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-family:
'Slate Pro', serif; color: rgb(31, 73,
125);" class="" lang="EN-GB">Crispin<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
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<br class="">
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br class="">
<pre wrap="" class="">_______________________________________________
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to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
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</pre>
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_______________________________________________<br class="">Stoves mailing list<br class=""><br class="">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br class=""><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" class="">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br class=""><br class="">to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br class="">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<br class=""><br class="">for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br class="">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/<br class=""><br class=""></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>