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    Stovers,<br>
    <br>
    The comment below from Brian to one Listserv merits being sent to
    the Stoves Listserv and Biocharstoves Listserv.   Brian's comments
    make a lot of sense.   Let's discuss further and see if some
    "implementation" can result.  <br>
    <br>
    I hope that Ron will filter and coordinate any such discussions
    because there are numerous listservs to which the messages need to
    be circulated at least occasionally.   There should be assistance
    from the rest of us, especially if implementation is to occur.<br>
    <br>
    Paul<br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  
Email:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   
Skype: paultlud      Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 11/24/2015 8:54 PM, 'Brian
      Dougherty' <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:brian-dougherty@comcast.net">brian-dougherty@comcast.net</a> [biochar] wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:ED8DBA5CC1AC4DB7A7732C71CC0650C1@BriansLaptop"
      type="cite"> <span style="display:none"> </span>
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                <div>Ron,</div>
                <div> </div>
                <div>I don’t see a problem with reporting the higher
                  efficiency values as long as it’s made clear what is
                  included in that number. As an example, combined heat
                  and power (CHP) plants typically report high
                  efficiencies because they are factoring in the energy
                  from the heat plus the energy from the electricity,
                  but the name implies they are capturing both. A char
                  making stove that is also heating water is essentially
                  a miniature CHP plant if you think of the char as the
                  “power’' output, but it would need to be labeled as
                  such. It’s a matter of semantics, but if a unit is
                  marketed as a char maker or a stove then the higher
                  efficiency numbers might be misleading. If it’s
                  marketed as or intended to be a combined heat and char
                  maker (CHC stove?) then the higher number makes sense.</div>
                <div> </div>
                <div>Brian </div>
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                      <div><b>From:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          title="biochar@yahoogroups.com"
                          href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>
                      </div>
                      <div><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 24, 2015 5:38
                        AM</div>
                      <div><b>To:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"
                          href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion
                          of biomass</a> </div>
                      <div><b>Cc:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          title="sureshjiitd@gmail.com"
                          href="mailto:sureshjiitd@gmail.com">S. Jain
                          (Env. Engg.)</a> ; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          title="biocharstoves-7xpll@wiggiomail.com"
                          href="mailto:biocharstoves-7xpll@wiggiomail.com">Entire
                          Group</a> ; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                          title="biochar@yahoogroups.com"
                          href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">Biochar</a>
                      </div>
                      <div><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] [biochar]
                        [biochar-stoves] A review of chronological
                        development in cookstove assessment methods:
                        Challenges and way forward</div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div> </div>
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                    <div>Frank et al</div>
                    <div> </div>
                    <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>Those
                      of us working on char-making stoves (a category
                      bigger than TLUDs ) don’t have the “<i>don’t know
                        what to do with” problem. </i>Even better is
                      that they seem cleaner and are apt to save time
                      and money (maybe make money).  The issue is
                      reporting -  if you feel such a stove (stove not
                      char-maker) has merit.  What is your answer to my
                      two questions?</div>
                    <div> </div>
                    <div>Ron</div>
                    <div> </div>
                    <div>
                      <blockquote type="cite">
                        <div>On Nov 23, 2015, at 12:36 AM, Frank Shields
                          <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com">franke@cruzio.com</a>>
                          wrote:</div>
                        <div> </div>
                        <div>
                          <div>Dear Ron,
                            <div> </div>
                            <div>If your task is to make char your
                              calculations is dry weight of fuel IN and
                              weight of char (DAF) OUT. Boiling water is
                              just something to do so you can have a cup
                              of tea while you wait. </div>
                            <div> </div>
                            <div>If your task is boiling water and you
                              are left with char you have a byproduct to
                              add to your garden. </div>
                            <div> </div>
                            <div>If you want both I suggest you place an
                              importance on each (percentage of
                              importance) for the span of a year or
                              season. Then with each run you keep track
                              of the char produced and water boiled and
                              try to achieve your percentage ratio. At
                              the end of the year you may need to just
                              boil off some water to get more char or
                              have left over char you don’t know what to
                              do with. </div>
                            <div> </div>
                            <div>Regards</div>
                            <div> </div>
                            <div>Frank</div>
                            <div> </div>
                            <div>Frank Shields</div>
                            <div> </div>
                            <div> </div>
                            <div>
                              <div> </div>
                              <div>
                                <blockquote type="cite">
                                  <div>On Nov 22, 2015, at 9:36 PM,
                                    Ronal W. Larson <<a
                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                                      href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a></a>>
                                    wrote:</div>
                                  <div> </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>Lloyd et al:  Adding “stoves
                                        - as that is where we have had a
                                        similar dialog in the past</div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>I
                                        promised an example.  Use energy
                                        of wood and charcoal as measured
                                        to be 18 and 30 MJ/kg - both
                                        possible.)</div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>Assume
                                        1 kg of wood into the stove - or
                                        18 MJ.  </div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>Assume
                                        water boiling away calculates to
                                        6 MJ;   Effic1 = 6/18  = 33% 
                                        (Some say stop here; this is a
                                        typical number for many stoves
                                        including TLUDs)</div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>Assume
                                        (to get easy numbers) 26.7% (a
                                        little high but a possible
                                        number) by weight char
                                        production - gives .267* 30 = 8
                                        MJ in the char.   Effic2 = 8/18
                                        = .444 = 44%,  </div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>Using
                                        the pyrolysis gases in the
                                        denominator -  Effic 3 =
                                        6/(18-8) = 6/10 = 60%  (This use
                                        of the char energy in the
                                        denominator is the most common
                                        way of handling char- added
                                        (60-33 =) 27% to the reported
                                        value of the stove - )</div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>But 
                                        I think it more proper to add
                                        the first two efficiencies:
                                        Effic4 = Effic1+ Effic 2 =
                                        .333+.444 = .777  (17.7% bigger
                                        than the 60% value - and I think
                                        also an honest way to look at
                                        what is going on.  Last I saw, 
                                        EPA did not add these together,
                                        but they did report Effic 1 and
                                        Effic 2.  Sales people for
                                        biochar and TLUDs are apt to add
                                        them of course.   We obviously
                                        want both numbers to be as high
                                        as possible.</div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span></div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>The
                                        losses are 18-6-8 = 4 MJ  or
                                        4/18= 22.2%  (mostly hot
                                        gases).  This is what we should
                                        be concentrating on - not 100-60
                                        = 40%.  In inefficiency terms, I
                                        claim the losses we want to
                                        reduce are nowhere near 40% - if
                                        you want both char and water
                                        boiled away.  40% is the portion
                                        of energy in the pyrolysis gases
                                        that we failed to capture.  </div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>If
                                        we burnt the wood (no resultant
                                        char) rather than pyrolyze it,
                                        we might expect to have a 60%
                                        efficient stove - but no-one
                                        measures any wood stove that
                                        high.  Why not?  I don’t have a
                                        good answer, but suspect it
                                        might relate to how hydrogen
                                        fits in.  That is - with little
                                        hydrogen in the char, the hot
                                        gases are more hydrogen rich
                                        with a pyrolysis stove.  Better
                                        heat transfer with more
                                        hydrogen?  A hotter flame?    Or
                                        is the effect due to oxygen -
                                        which also is a lower percentage
                                        in char than in wood?   Or both?</div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>Comments
                                        appreciated when we are striving
                                        to make char in a stove:</div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>Q1:
                                        are the losses 22%, 40%, or 67%?</div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>     
                                        Q2:  Is the efficiency 78%, 60%,
                                        or 33%?</div>
                                      <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span></div>
                                      <div>Ron</div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div> </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>On Nov 22, 2015, at 5:40
                                          PM, Lloyd Helferty <<a
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                                            href="mailto:lhelferty@sympatico.ca"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lhelferty@sympatico.ca">lhelferty@sympatico.ca</a></a>>
                                          wrote:</div>
                                        <br
                                          class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                                        <blockquote type="cite">
                                          <div text="#000000"
                                            bgcolor="#FFFFFF">Thanks,
                                            Ron.<br>
                                            <br>
                                              I know nothing about the
                                            Jetter/EPA total efficiency
                                            calculation(s) that "use the
                                            char’s energy value".<br>
                                            Could you elaborate?<br>
                                              Is the Jetter/EPA total
                                            efficiency calculation your
                                            preferred methodology as a <i>next
                                              step</i> to the "WBT"?<br>
                                            <br>
                                            (Yes, I am quite out of
                                            touch with the latest in
                                            "Stove testing"
                                            methodologies. What
                                            "efficiency" methodology
                                            does the GACC currently
                                            endorse when testing stoves
                                            that produce biochar? Is it
                                            still an open question?)<br>
                                            <br>
                                            Regards,<br>
                                            <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">  Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist
  Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca/">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a>
  Earth Stewardship consultant, Passive Remediation Systems Ltd. (PRSI)
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.prsi.ca/">http://www.prsi.ca/</a>
  Promotions Manager, Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN)
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://csayouthnetwork.wordpress.com/">http://csayouthnetwork.wordpress.com/</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/">http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=6756248">https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=6756248</a>
  48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada
  905-707-8754
  CELL: 647-886-8754
     Skype: lloyd.helferty
  Co-manager, Sustainable Agriculture Group
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Sustainable-Agriculture-3866458">http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Sustainable-Agriculture-3866458</a>
  Steering Committee coordinator
  Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)
  Community Sustainability (CoSWoG), A working group of Science for Peace
  was: <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/">http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/</a>
  President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario
  Member of the Don Watershed Regeneration Council (DWRC)
  Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:
           <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a>
   Advisory Committee Member, IBI
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.biocharontario.ca/">http://www.biocharontario.ca</a>
   <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.biochar.ca/">www.biochar.ca</a>

"Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, Nothing is going to get better. It's not."
 — Dr. Seuss (The Lorax)</pre>
                                            <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On
                                              2015-11-22 3:13 PM, Ronal
                                              W. Larson wrote:<br>
                                            </div>
                                            <blockquote
                                              cite="mid:7EFA90FF-F5E7-428B-A026-F86ECB6D5529@comcast.net"
                                              type="cite">Lloyd etal
                                              <div> </div>
                                              <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>I
                                                am imagining a
                                                charcoal-making stove
                                                owner who has 2 clients
                                                to whom she sells
                                                charcoal.  One client
                                                (A) burns the char; the
                                                other (B) uses it as
                                                biochar.  How can one
                                                say the stove has two
                                                different efficiencies?</div>
                                              <div> </div>
                                              <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>But
                                                another argument is that
                                                if all the produced char
                                                is used by C as biochar
                                                - it must be that the
                                                char’s soil value
                                                exceeded the energy
                                                value.  So perhaps the
                                                efficiency value for
                                                client C should be even
                                                better than for case
                                                A.    This soil use for
                                                the char is where I
                                                think we are heading.</div>
                                              <div> </div>
                                              <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>In
                                                sum, I see no reason to
                                                do other than use the
                                                char’s energy value when
                                                calculating a total
                                                efficiency - as is being
                                                done by Jetter/EPA/</div>
                                              <div> </div>
                                              <div>Ron</div>
                                              <div> </div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div> </div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>On Nov 22, 2015,
                                                    at 7:48 AM, Lloyd
                                                    Helferty [biochar]
                                                    <<a
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a></a>>
                                                    wrote:</div>
                                                  <br
                                                    class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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                                                          <p
                                                          style="MARGIN:
                                                          0px 0px 1em;">Ron,<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                            In reading
                                                          that
                                                          quoted/highlighted
                                                          paragraph, my
                                                          expectation is
                                                          that the term,
                                                          "<i><font
                                                          size="3"><span
                                                          style="COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);BACKGROUND-COLOR:
rgb(255,255,255);">utilizing<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></font></i><font
                                                          size="3"><span
                                                          style="COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);BACKGROUND-COLOR:
rgb(255,255,255);">the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b
                                                          style="COLOR:
rgb(46,46,46);"><u>charcoal</u></b></font>" (..."should be considered as
                                                          a useful
                                                          energy") is<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>probably</i><span
                                                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>meant
                                                          to assume that
                                                          the
                                                          leftover/residual
                                                          charcoal would
                                                          subsequently
                                                          be utilized as
                                                          a<span
                                                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>fuel</b>,
                                                          and probably
                                                          not as<b>biochar</b>. 
                                                          If the
                                                          resulting
                                                          charcoal is
                                                          used in a
                                                          non-energy
                                                          application
                                                          (i.e. as
                                                          biochar) then
                                                          one does not
                                                          normally talk
                                                          about or refer
                                                          to, "the<u><i>energy</i></u><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>stored in the charcoal" as being
                                                          "useful"
                                                          anymore, if
                                                          one considers
                                                          the classical
                                                          [non-regenerative
                                                          / linear]
                                                          energy
                                                          models.  (Of
                                                          course if one
                                                          understands
                                                          the use of
                                                          biochar from a
                                                          holistic**
                                                          perspective,
                                                          it can make
                                                          sense to use
                                                          biochar in a
                                                          non-fuel
                                                          application if
                                                          that
                                                          application
                                                          results in a
                                                          boost to the
                                                          actual
                                                          [biomass] fuel
                                                          -- and food --<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>production capabilities</i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of the soil from which the
                                                          original stove
                                                          'fuel' was
                                                          derived... but
                                                          of course
                                                          those are more
                                                          complex
                                                          calculations
                                                          that must also
                                                          consider time
                                                          and a number
                                                          of other
                                                          variables
                                                          which are not
                                                          normally taken
                                                          into
                                                          consideration.)<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          **Note: If
                                                          considered in
                                                          this holistic
                                                          perspective /
                                                          context, the
                                                          use of<span
                                                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>soil-health
                                                          enhancing</i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>materials like biochar will very
                                                          likely
                                                          eventually be
                                                          a<i>prerequisite</i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>of the very definition of
                                                          "sustainable"
                                                          biofuels /
                                                          biomaterials.<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          CC: Biochar
                                                          group<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          Regards,<br>
                                                          </p>
                                                          <pre class="moz-signature" style="FONT-SIZE: 15px;FONT-FAMILY: monospace;FONT-VARIANT: normal;FONT-WEIGHT: normal;FONT-STYLE: normal;" cols="72">  Lloyd Helferty</pre>
                                                          <div
                                                          class="moz-cite-prefix">On
                                                          2015-11-22
                                                          3:58 AM, Ron
                                                          Larson wrote:<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          style="MARGIN:
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                                                          4px;"
                                                          cite="mid:IbIfPJ1QR0CvVCT6izM16A@ismtpd0005p1iad1.sendgrid.net"
                                                          type="cite">
                                                          <div
                                                          style="WIDTH:
                                                          680px;">
                                                          <div>Professor
                                                          Jain</div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>1.  
                                                          Thank you for
                                                          a tremendously
                                                          useful
                                                          document. 
                                                          Especially
                                                          that you
                                                          (Elsevier?,
                                                          TERI?) have
                                                          made it
                                                          available on a
                                                          non-fee basis
                                                          (for a<span
                                                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b><u>SHORT</u><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>time).</b></div>
                                                          <div><b><br>
                                                          </b></div>
                                                          <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;"></span>2.   
                                                          I am a little
                                                          surprised (and
                                                          delighted)
                                                          that I
                                                          received this
                                                          on the climate
                                                          change list.  
                                                          I am alerting
                                                          four other
                                                          lists who will
                                                          also find this
                                                          most useful.</div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>3.   
                                                          To me,
                                                          interested in
                                                          both climate
                                                          change
                                                          (through
                                                          biochar - not
                                                          mentioned) and
                                                          stoves, the
                                                          most important
                                                          sentence in
                                                          your
                                                          exceedingly
                                                          thorough (161
                                                          cites) is this
                                                          partial
                                                          paragraph in
                                                          Section 2.3.1
                                                          (emphases
                                                          added):</div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div><span
                                                          style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:
rgb(255,255,255);"><font size="3" color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
                                                          Helvetica,

                                                          Lucida Sans
                                                          Unicode,
                                                          Microsoft Sans
                                                          Serif,
 Segoe
                                                          UI Symbol,
                                                          STIXGeneral,
                                                          Cambria
 Math,
                                                          Arial Unicode
                                                          MS,
                                                          sans-serif"><span> <i><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> </i></span><i><span>“</span><span>The
                                                          energy
                                                          expenditure in
                                                          the form of
                                                          fuel for
                                                          boiling and
                                                          evaporating
                                                          water is
                                                          calculated by
                                                          standardizing
                                                          the amount of
                                                          raw fuel with
                                                          fuel moisture
                                                          content,
                                                          ambient
                                                          temperature,<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></font><i><b
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          16px;COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);"><u>charcoal</u></b><font
                                                          size="3"
                                                          color="#2e2e2e"
                                                          face="Arial,
                                                          Helvetica,

                                                          Lucida Sans
                                                          Unicode,
                                                          Microsoft
                                                          Sans
 Serif,
                                                          Segoe UI
                                                          Symbol,
                                                          STIXGeneral,

                                                          Cambria Math,
                                                          Arial Unicode
                                                          MS,

                                                          sans-serif"><span><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>formed fuel and calorific value of
                                                          fuel and<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></font><b style="COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);"><u>charcoal</u></b><font
                                                          size="3"
                                                          color="#2e2e2e"
                                                          face="Arial,
                                                          Helvetica,

                                                          Lucida Sans
                                                          Unicode,
                                                          Microsoft
                                                          Sans
 Serif,
                                                          Segoe UI
                                                          Symbol,
                                                          STIXGeneral,

                                                          Cambria Math,
                                                          Arial Unicode
                                                          MS,

                                                          sans-serif"><span>.
                                                          This is called
                                                          the
                                                          ‘equivalent
                                                          dry wood
                                                          consumed’.<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></font><b style="COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);">Charcoal</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><font size="3" color="#2e2e2e"
                                                          face="Arial,
                                                          Helvetica,

                                                          Lucida Sans
                                                          Unicode,
                                                          Microsoft
                                                          Sans
 Serif,
                                                          Segoe UI
                                                          Symbol,
                                                          STIXGeneral,

                                                          Cambria Math,
                                                          Arial Unicode
                                                          MS,

                                                          sans-serif"><span>utilization
                                                          after the
                                                          cooking
                                                          process in
                                                          real
                                                          households has
                                                          not been
                                                          validated in
                                                          any of the
                                                          studies. If
                                                          the<span
                                                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></font><b
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          16px;COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);"><u>charcoal</u></b><font
                                                          size="3"
                                                          color="#2e2e2e"
                                                          face="Arial,
                                                          Helvetica,

                                                          Lucida Sans
                                                          Unicode,
                                                          Microsoft
                                                          Sans
 Serif,
                                                          Segoe UI
                                                          Symbol,
                                                          STIXGeneral,

                                                          Cambria Math,
                                                          Arial Unicode
                                                          MS,

                                                          sans-serif"><span><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>disposed by targeted population
                                                          then the fuel
                                                          consumption
                                                          can be
                                                          corrected.  </span></font></i></span><i><font
                                                          size="3"><span
                                                          style="COLOR:
rgb(46,46,46);"> </span><span style="COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);BACKGROUND-COLOR:
rgb(255,255,255);">If a certain community has a habit of utilizing the<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b style="COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);"><u>charcoal</u></b><span
                                                          style="COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);BACKGROUND-COLOR:
rgb(255,255,255);"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>then </span></font><font
color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial, Helvetica,
 Lucida Sans Unicode, Microsoft
                                                          Sans Serif,

                                                          Segoe UI
                                                          Symbol,
                                                          STIXGeneral,
                                                          Cambria
 Math,
                                                          Arial Unicode
                                                          MS,
                                                          sans-serif"><span><font
                                                          size="3">…</font></span><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          14px;">..</span></font></i></div>
                                                          <div><font
                                                          color="#2e2e2e"
                                                          face="Arial,
                                                          Helvetica,
                                                          Lucida Sans
                                                          Unicode,

                                                          Microsoft Sans
                                                          Serif, Segoe
                                                          UI Symbol,

                                                          STIXGeneral,
                                                          Cambria Math,
                                                          Arial Unicode
                                                          MS,

                                                          sans-serif"><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          14px;"><br>
                                                          </span></font></div>
                                                          <div><i><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          x-large;COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);BACKGROUND-COLOR:
rgb(255,255,255);">t<u><b>he energy stored in the<span
                                                          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></u></span><u
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          x-large;COLOR:
rgb(46,46,46);"><b>charcoal</b></u><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          x-large;COLOR:
                                                          rgb(46,46,46);BACKGROUND-COLOR:
rgb(255,255,255);"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><u
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          x-large;COLOR:
rgb(46,46,46);"><b>should be considered as a useful energy</b></u><span
                                                          style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:
rgb(255,255,255);"><font size="5" color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
                                                          Helvetica,

                                                          Lucida Sans
                                                          Unicode,
                                                          Microsoft
                                                          Sans
 Serif,
                                                          Segoe UI
                                                          Symbol,
                                                          STIXGeneral,

                                                          Cambria Math,
                                                          Arial Unicode
                                                          MS,

                                                          sans-serif"><span>.</span><span>”</span><span> </span></font></span></i></div>
                                                          <div><i><br>
                                                          </i></div>
                                                          <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>4. 
                                                          As I know you
                                                          know, there is
                                                          more than one
                                                          way to report
                                                          the impact of
                                                          charcoal
                                                          production in
                                                          stove
                                                          comparisons. 
                                                          Examples
                                                          coming.</div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="WHITE-SPACE: pre;"></span>5. 
                                                          I could not
                                                          find an email
                                                          address for
                                                          Ms. (Dr?)
                                                          Pooja Arora. 
                                                          I intend to
                                                          look up other
                                                          papers she and
                                                          you have
                                                          published. 
                                                          Please
                                                          congratulate
                                                          her as well.</div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div>Again,
                                                          thanks for a
                                                          very useful
                                                          stove
                                                          assessment
                                                          document.  I
                                                          am aware of
                                                          nothing like
                                                          it.</div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div>Ron 
                                                          (first/past
                                                          “stove” and
                                                          “biochar”
                                                          lists
                                                          coordinator)</div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>On Nov
                                                          21, 2015, at
                                                          10:09 PM, S.
                                                          Jain (Env.
                                                          Engg.) wrote:</div>
                                                          <br
                                                          class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          style="MARGIN:
                                                          0px 0px 0px
                                                          4px;"
                                                          type="cite">
                                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                                          <div
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          14px;FONT-FAMILY:
                                                          calibri,
                                                          sans-serif;">
                                                          <div
                                                          style="MARGIN:
                                                          0px 0px 0pt;"><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          10.5pt;">Dear
                                                          Colleagues,</span></div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="MARGIN-BOTTOM:
                                                          0pt;"><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          10.5pt;"></span><br
class="webkit-block-placeholder">
                                                           </div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="MARGIN:
                                                          0px 0px 0pt;"><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          10.5pt;">We
                                                          are sharing
                                                          with you an
                                                          article on </span><b><i><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          10.5pt;COLOR:
rgb(23,55,94);">Chronological development in cookstove assessment
                                                          methods:
                                                          Challenges and
                                                          way forward</span></i></b><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          10.5pt;">. We
                                                          hope to
                                                          receive your
                                                          inputs and
                                                          comments on
                                                          the same. </span></div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="MARGIN-BOTTOM:
                                                          0pt;"><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          12pt;FONT-FAMILY:
                                                          arial,
                                                          sans-serif;COLOR:
rgb(34,34,34);"></span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder">
                                                           </div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="MARGIN:
                                                          0px 0px 0pt;"><b>Abstract</b></div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="MARGIN:
                                                          0px 0px 0pt;"><span
                                                          style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                          10.5pt;">This
                                                          review
                                                          intended to
                                                          collect and
                                                          collate the
                                                          information
                                                          related to
                                                          cookstove
                                                          testing
                                                          methodologies
                                                          applied in lab
                                                          and field
                                                          conditions and
                                                          their output
                                                          in the form of
                                                          energy and
                                                          emission
                                                          parameters.
                                                          The important
                                                          information
                                                          related to
                                                          progression of
                                                          cookstove
                                                          testing
                                                          techniques was
                                                          segregated in
                                                          order to
                                                          understand the
                                                          relationships
                                                          in different
                                                          indicators of
                                                          cookstove
                                                          performance
                                                          and to
                                                          understand the
                                                          sources of
                                                          uncertainty in
                                                          emission data.
                                                          The major
                                                          research issue
                                                          that has been
                                                          dwelt upon in
                                                          the recent
                                                          literature is
                                                          the
                                                          establishment
                                                          of
                                                          relationship
                                                          between lab
                                                          and field
                                                          results of
                                                          cookstove
                                                          performance.
                                                          It is observed
                                                          that
                                                          controlled
                                                          cooking test
                                                          and kitchen
                                                          performance
                                                          test are the
                                                          two field
                                                          based tests
                                                          which provide
                                                          a better
                                                          picture of a
                                                          particular
                                                          cookstove
                                                          performance as
                                                          it involves
                                                          the user
                                                          perspective.
                                                          Misrepresentation
                                                          of actual
                                                          cookstove
                                                          performance
                                                          based on
                                                          laboratory
                                                          based testing
                                                          puts the
                                                          present
                                                          standard
                                                          protocols in
                                                          question.
                                                          Solutions have
                                                          been put
                                                          forward by
                                                          some research
                                                          studies;
                                                          however a
                                                          validation is
                                                          needed through
                                                          multiple
                                                          scientific
                                                          investigations
                                                          conducted at
                                                          various
                                                          temporal and
                                                          spatial
                                                          scales. It has
                                                          been observed
                                                          that cookstove
                                                          testing
                                                          methodologies
                                                          are still in
                                                          their nascent
                                                          stage compared
                                                          to the
                                                          research that
                                                          has already
                                                          been conducted
                                                          for other
                                                          sources where
                                                          biomass
                                                          combustion
                                                          emissions have
                                                          studied
                                                          thoroughly.
                                                          Still the
                                                          shift in focus
                                                          of upcoming
                                                          research
                                                          studies
                                                          towards field
                                                          based
                                                          integrated
                                                          cookstove
                                                          testing
                                                          methodologies
                                                          has the
                                                          potential to
                                                          drive future
                                                          cookstove
                                                          research in
                                                          the new
                                                          direction.</span></div>
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