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Thanks Paul</div>
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I have no problem with the proposal conceptually provided there is a different name, hopefully a standard definition, for something that has a combined product within it. </div>
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As Brian notes, using the incorrect term can be 'misleading' and that is the core problem faced by financiers. They ask one question and get an answer to another. This is not semantic, it is cheating. </div>
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In case an argument is presented that 'it is a small difference so it doesn't matter' use the example of the Quad II test for which the spreadsheet and analysis are available. Applying the WBT 4.2.x version of the 'thermal efficiency' the figure is in the 30's
and the actual energy efficiency is 19%. The latter figure is the heat gained by the pot divided by the energy in the mass of fuel consumed per replication of the test. </div>
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We had a classroom session on this very topic at the Chinese Agricultural University's College of Engineering today to look at the analysis of a two stove system such as that presented by Christ's Roth in Accra on the 7th. You were there. She showed slides
of a stove that made char and then converted to a char burning stove with the addition of a major metal component. This I would classify as a 'separate device'. It could just as easily be a second charcoal stove. </div>
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Analysing the two as a cooking system requires analysing each separately first. Doing that forces the tester to 'follow the energy'. It quickly becomes apparent that the correct term is 'energy efficiency' because we find eight energy paths involved, only
two of which lead to the pots. The system can be given an overall rating by following the total energy into the first stove and the total received by the pots (work done). </div>
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Any unburned gases or fuel ultimately not burned represent losses whether it is in the ash or buried in the ground. Some stoves have high CO; some have a lot of carbon in the ash. It depends. They are losses. </div>
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After the lesson is refined I will post it here for comment. </div>
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Regards </div>
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Crispin </div>
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PS I again refer you all to the CSI China document, Ch 3 for the energy flow chart prepared by CAU grad students which has a number of very useful formulas describing these different scenarios. It is on the WB website. See previous correspondence.
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<br>
<div style="background-color:#FFFFFF">Stovers,<br>
<br>
The comment below from Brian to one Listserv merits being sent to the Stoves Listserv and Biocharstoves Listserv. Brian's comments make a lot of sense. Let's discuss further and see if some "implementation" can result.
<br>
<br>
I hope that Ron will filter and coordinate any such discussions because there are numerous listservs to which the messages need to be circulated at least occasionally. There should be assistance from the rest of us, especially if implementation is to occur.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">On 11/24/2015 8:54 PM, 'Brian Dougherty' <a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:brian-dougherty@comcast.net">
brian-dougherty@comcast.net</a> [biochar] wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"><span style=""> </span>
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<div>Ron,</div>
<div> </div>
<div>I don’t see a problem with reporting the higher efficiency values as long as it’s made clear what is included in that number. As an example, combined heat and power (CHP) plants typically report high efficiencies because they are factoring in the energy
from the heat plus the energy from the electricity, but the name implies they are capturing both. A char making stove that is also heating water is essentially a miniature CHP plant if you think of the char as the “power’' output, but it would need to be labeled
as such. It’s a matter of semantics, but if a unit is marketed as a char maker or a stove then the higher efficiency numbers might be misleading. If it’s marketed as or intended to be a combined heat and char maker (CHC stove?) then the higher number makes
sense.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Brian </div>
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<div style="background:#f5f5f5">
<div><b>From:</b> <a title="biochar@yahoogroups.com" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">
mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com</a> </div>
<div><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, November 24, 2015 5:38 AM</div>
<div><b>To:</b> <a title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">
Discussion of biomass</a> </div>
<div><b>Cc:</b> <a title="sureshjiitd@gmail.com" href="mailto:sureshjiitd@gmail.com">
S. Jain (Env. Engg.)</a> ; <a title="biocharstoves-7xpll@wiggiomail.com" href="mailto:biocharstoves-7xpll@wiggiomail.com">
Entire Group</a> ; <a title="biochar@yahoogroups.com" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">
Biochar</a> </div>
<div><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] [biochar] [biochar-stoves] A review of chronological development in cookstove assessment methods: Challenges and way forward</div>
</div>
</div>
<div> </div>
</div>
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<div>Frank et al</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Those of us working on char-making stoves (a category bigger than TLUDs ) don’t have the “<i>don’t know what to do with” problem.
</i>Even better is that they seem cleaner and are apt to save time and money (maybe make money). The issue is reporting - if you feel such a stove (stove not char-maker) has merit. What is your answer to my two questions?</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Ron</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>On Nov 23, 2015, at 12:36 AM, Frank Shields <<a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com">franke@cruzio.com</a>> wrote:</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>Dear Ron,
<div> </div>
<div>If your task is to make char your calculations is dry weight of fuel IN and weight of char (DAF) OUT. Boiling water is just something to do so you can have a cup of tea while you wait.
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>If your task is boiling water and you are left with char you have a byproduct to add to your garden.
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>If you want both I suggest you place an importance on each (percentage of importance) for the span of a year or season. Then with each run you keep track of the char produced and water boiled and try to achieve your percentage ratio. At the end of the
year you may need to just boil off some water to get more char or have left over char you don’t know what to do with.
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Regards</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Frank</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Frank Shields</div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>On Nov 22, 2015, at 9:36 PM, Ronal W. Larson <<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"></a><a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>> wrote:</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Lloyd et al: Adding “stoves - as that is where we have had a similar dialog in the past</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>I promised an example. Use energy of wood and charcoal as measured to be 18 and 30 MJ/kg - both possible.)</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Assume 1 kg of wood into the stove - or 18 MJ.
</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Assume water boiling away calculates to 6 MJ; Effic1 = 6/18 = 33% (Some say stop here; this is a typical number for many stoves including TLUDs)</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Assume (to get easy numbers) 26.7% (a little high but a possible number) by weight char production - gives .267* 30 = 8 MJ in the char. Effic2 = 8/18 = .444 = 44%,
</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Using the pyrolysis gases in the denominator - Effic 3 = 6/(18-8) = 6/10 = 60% (This use of the char energy in the denominator is the most common way of handling char- added (60-33 =) 27%
to the reported value of the stove - )</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>But I think it more proper to add the first two efficiencies: Effic4 = Effic1+ Effic 2 = .333+.444 = .777 (17.7% bigger than the 60% value - and I think also an honest way to look at what
is going on. Last I saw, EPA did not add these together, but they did report Effic 1 and Effic 2. Sales people for biochar and TLUDs are apt to add them of course. We obviously want both numbers to be as high as possible.</div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span></div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>The losses are 18-6-8 = 4 MJ or 4/18= 22.2% (mostly hot gases). This is what we should be concentrating on - not 100-60 = 40%. In inefficiency terms, I claim the losses we want to reduce
are nowhere near 40% - if you want both char and water boiled away. 40% is the portion of energy in the pyrolysis gases that we failed to capture.
</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>If we burnt the wood (no resultant char) rather than pyrolyze it, we might expect to have a 60% efficient stove - but no-one measures any wood stove that high. Why not? I don’t have a good
answer, but suspect it might relate to how hydrogen fits in. That is - with little hydrogen in the char, the hot gases are more hydrogen rich with a pyrolysis stove. Better heat transfer with more hydrogen? A hotter flame? Or is the effect due to oxygen
- which also is a lower percentage in char than in wood? Or both?</div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Comments appreciated when we are striving to make char in a stove:</div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>Q1: are the losses 22%, 40%, or 67%?</div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span> Q2: Is the efficiency 78%, 60%, or 33%?</div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span></div>
<div>Ron</div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>On Nov 22, 2015, at 5:40 PM, Lloyd Helferty <<a href="mailto:lhelferty@sympatico.ca"></a><a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lhelferty@sympatico.ca">lhelferty@sympatico.ca</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="x_Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type="cite">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF">Thanks, Ron.<br>
<br>
I know nothing about the Jetter/EPA total efficiency calculation(s) that "use the char’s energy value".<br>
Could you elaborate?<br>
Is the Jetter/EPA total efficiency calculation your preferred methodology as a <i>
next step</i> to the "WBT"?<br>
<br>
(Yes, I am quite out of touch with the latest in "Stove testing" methodologies. What "efficiency" methodology does the GACC currently endorse when testing stoves that produce biochar? Is it still an open question?)<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="72"> Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist
Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca/">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a>
Earth Stewardship consultant, Passive Remediation Systems Ltd. (PRSI)
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.prsi.ca/">http://www.prsi.ca/</a>
Promotions Manager, Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN)
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://csayouthnetwork.wordpress.com/">http://csayouthnetwork.wordpress.com/</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/">http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=6756248">https://www.linkedin.com/grp/home?gid=6756248</a>
48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada
905-707-8754
CELL: 647-886-8754
Skype: lloyd.helferty
Co-manager, Sustainable Agriculture Group
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Sustainable-Agriculture-3866458">http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Sustainable-Agriculture-3866458</a>
Steering Committee coordinator
Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)
Community Sustainability (CoSWoG), A working group of Science for Peace
was: <a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/">http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/</a>
President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario
Member of the Don Watershed Regeneration Council (DWRC)
Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a>
Advisory Committee Member, IBI
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.biocharontario.ca/">http://www.biocharontario.ca</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.biochar.ca/">www.biochar.ca</a>
"Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, Nothing is going to get better. It's not."
— Dr. Seuss (The Lorax)</pre>
<div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">On 2015-11-22 3:13 PM, Ronal W. Larson wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">Lloyd etal
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>I am imagining a charcoal-making stove owner who has 2 clients to whom she sells charcoal. One client (A) burns the char; the other (B) uses it as biochar. How can one say the stove has two
different efficiencies?</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>But another argument is that if all the produced char is used by C as biochar - it must be that the char’s soil value exceeded the energy value. So perhaps the efficiency value for client C
should be even better than for case A. This soil use for the char is where I think we are heading.</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>In sum, I see no reason to do other than use the char’s energy value when calculating a total efficiency - as is being done by Jetter/EPA/</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Ron</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>On Nov 22, 2015, at 7:48 AM, Lloyd Helferty [biochar] <<a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com"></a><a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="x_Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type="cite">
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<p style="margin:0px 0px 1em">Ron,<br>
<br>
In reading that quoted/highlighted paragraph, my expectation is that the term, "<i><font size="3"><span style="color:rgb(46,46,46); background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">utilizing<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></font></i><font size="3"><span style="color:rgb(46,46,46); background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">the<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b style="color:rgb(46,46,46)"><u>charcoal</u></b></font>"
(..."should be considered as a useful energy") is<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>probably</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>meant to assume that the leftover/residual charcoal would subsequently be utilized as a<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>fuel</b>,
and probably not as<b>biochar</b>. If the resulting charcoal is used in a non-energy application (i.e. as biochar) then one does not normally talk about or refer to, "the<u><i>energy</i></u><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>stored in the charcoal"
as being "useful" anymore, if one considers the classical [non-regenerative / linear] energy models. (Of course if one understands the use of biochar from a holistic** perspective, it can make sense to use biochar in a non-fuel application if that application
results in a boost to the actual [biomass] fuel -- and food --<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>production capabilities</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>of the soil from which the original stove 'fuel' was derived... but of course
those are more complex calculations that must also consider time and a number of other variables which are not normally taken into consideration.)<br>
<br>
**Note: If considered in this holistic perspective / context, the use of<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>soil-health enhancing</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>materials like biochar will very likely eventually be a<i>prerequisite</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>of
the very definition of "sustainable" biofuels / biomaterials.<br>
<br>
CC: Biochar group<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
</p>
<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="72" style="font-size:15px; font-family:monospace; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> Lloyd Helferty</pre>
<div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">On 2015-11-22 3:58 AM, Ron Larson wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
4px">
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<div>Professor Jain</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>1. Thank you for a tremendously useful document. Especially that you (Elsevier?, TERI?) have made it available on a non-fee basis (for a<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><b><u>SHORT</u><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>time).</b></div>
<div><b><br>
</b></div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre; font-weight:bold"></span>2. I am a little surprised (and delighted) that I received this on the climate change list. I am alerting four other lists who will also find this most useful.</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>3. To me, interested in both climate change (through biochar - not mentioned) and stoves, the most important sentence in your exceedingly thorough (161 cites) is this partial paragraph in
Section 2.3.1 (emphases added):</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font size="3" color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
Helvetica,
Lucida Sans
Unicode,
Microsoft Sans
Serif,
Segoe
UI Symbol,
STIXGeneral,
Cambria
Math,
Arial Unicode
MS,
sans-serif"><span> <i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span> </i></span><i><span>“</span><span>The
energy expenditure in the form of fuel for boiling and evaporating water is calculated by standardizing the amount of raw fuel with fuel moisture content, ambient temperature,<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></font><i><b style="font-size:16px; color:rgb(46,46,46)"><u>charcoal</u></b><font size="3" color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
Helvetica,
Lucida Sans
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Serif,
Segoe UI
Symbol,
STIXGeneral,
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MS,
sans-serif"><span><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>formed
fuel and calorific value of fuel and<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></font><b style="color:rgb(46,46,46)"><u>charcoal</u></b><font size="3" color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
Helvetica,
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sans-serif"><span>.
This is called the ‘equivalent dry wood consumed’.<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></font><b style="color:rgb(46,46,46)">Charcoal</b><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><font size="3" color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
Helvetica,
Lucida Sans
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sans-serif"><span>utilization
after the cooking process in real households has not been validated in any of the studies. If the<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></font><b style="font-size:16px; color:rgb(46,46,46)"><u>charcoal</u></b><font size="3" color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
Helvetica,
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sans-serif"><span><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>disposed
by targeted population then the fuel consumption can be corrected. </span></font></i></span><i><font size="3"><span style="color:rgb(46,46,46)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(46,46,46); background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">If a certain community has a habit
of utilizing the<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b style="color:rgb(46,46,46)"><u>charcoal</u></b><span style="color:rgb(46,46,46); background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>then
</span></font><font color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial, Helvetica,
Lucida Sans Unicode, Microsoft
Sans Serif,
Segoe UI
Symbol,
STIXGeneral,
Cambria
Math,
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sans-serif"><span><font size="3">…</font></span><span style="font-size:14px">..</span></font></i></div>
<div><font color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
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</span></font></div>
<div><i><span style="font-size:x-large; color:rgb(46,46,46); background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">t<u><b>he energy stored in the<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></u></span><u style="font-size:x-large; color:rgb(46,46,46)"><b>charcoal</b></u><span style="font-size:x-large; color:rgb(46,46,46); background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><u style="font-size:x-large; color:rgb(46,46,46)"><b>should
be considered as a useful energy</b></u><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font size="5" color="#2e2e2e" face="Arial,
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sans-serif"><span>.</span><span>”</span><span> </span></font></span></i></div>
<div><i><br>
</i></div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>4. As I know you know, there is more than one way to report the impact of charcoal production in stove comparisons. Examples coming.</div>
<div> </div>
<div><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"></span>5. I could not find an email address for Ms. (Dr?) Pooja Arora. I intend to look up other papers she and you have published. Please congratulate her as well.</div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Again, thanks for a very useful stove assessment document. I am aware of nothing like it.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Ron (first/past “stove” and “biochar” lists coordinator)</div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>On Nov 21, 2015, at 10:09 PM, S. Jain (Env. Engg.) wrote:</div>
<br class="x_Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type="cite" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
4px">
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-size:14px; font-family:calibri,sans-serif">
<div style="margin:0px 0px 0pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Dear Colleagues,</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span><br class="x_webkit-block-placeholder">
</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 0pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">We are sharing with you an article on
</span><b><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt; color:rgb(23,55,94)">Chronological development in cookstove assessment methods: Challenges and way forward</span></i></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt">. We hope to receive your inputs and comments on the same.
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34)"></span><br class="x_webkit-block-placeholder">
</div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 0pt"><b>Abstract</b></div>
<div style="margin:0px 0px 0pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">This review intended to collect and collate the information related to cookstove testing methodologies applied in lab and field conditions and their output in the form of energy and emission parameters.
The important information related to progression of cookstove testing techniques was segregated in order to understand the relationships in different indicators of cookstove performance and to understand the sources of uncertainty in emission data. The major
research issue that has been dwelt upon in the recent literature is the establishment of relationship between lab and field results of cookstove performance. It is observed that controlled cooking test and kitchen performance test are the two field based tests
which provide a better picture of a particular cookstove performance as it involves the user perspective. Misrepresentation of actual cookstove performance based on laboratory based testing puts the present standard protocols in question. Solutions have been
put forward by some research studies; however a validation is needed through multiple scientific investigations conducted at various temporal and spatial scales. It has been observed that cookstove testing methodologies are still in their nascent stage compared
to the research that has already been conducted for other sources where biomass combustion emissions have studied thoroughly. Still the shift in focus of upcoming research studies towards field based integrated cookstove testing methodologies has the potential
to drive future cookstove research in the new direction.</span></div>
<div><br class="x_webkit-block-placeholder">
</div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin:0px 0px 1em"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">We are providing you with the following personal article link, which will provide free access to your article, and is valid for 50 days, until January 10, 2016</span><br>
<span style="font-size:10pt"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:10pt; outline-style:none"><a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1S4Na4s9HvhN9u" style="font-family:verdana"></a><a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1S4Na4s9HvhN9u">http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1S4Na4s9HvhN9u</a></span></p>
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