<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Crispin, Stovers,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Wondering what is left after the coal has done what it is going to do?</div><div class="">Are there clinkers? </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">One idea might be to add a night time insert. That would look like a <u class="">IIIIIIII</u></div><div class="">with baffles that go almost to the base. The base has fuel spread across the bottom. You lite the one close to the door and that burns up quickly but it takes longer to ignite the second baffle and even longer for the third and so on……</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Well you did ask for ideas.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Frank</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Frank Shields</div><div class=""><u class=""><br class=""></u></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Dec 4, 2015, at 2:01 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" class="">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Dear Friends<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Continuing the conversation about the stoves in Tajikistan, here is a photo of the most popular stove I could find. I visited a factory where these are produced and was able to test one for about an hour.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><span id="cid:image003.jpg@01D12EA4.A4598720"><image003.jpg></span></span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">The house in the photo has a very long horizontal chimney – perhaps 7 or 8 metres – which enhanced the efficiency quite a bit. The exit temperature was under 100 C in the early and late/low power sessions. In other words it has a condensing heat exchanger.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">We tested one using a standard 4.2 metre tall chimney 110mm in diameter, using a standard 2 kg load of local coal with kindling wood under it. The average space heating efficiency, give or take, was 30%. This is the result of having a high chimney gas temperature, high excess air and no control over the air flow at any point. Late in the fire when there was a lot burn rate, the efficiency dropped to 18% and was still sinking when I packed it in.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">The CO/CO2 ratio was steady at 21% during the late burn, something that can only be achieved by ‘forcing’ the burn using retained heat and having no secondary air in a usable form.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">So this is the baseline. The stove is not used for cooking, only heating the rooms and heating water. It is quite well made, the doors seal quite well if closed. The welding quality is good. The main material is recycled 6-7mm thick steel pipe. If you want to think about the burn rate and how to improve this, the required burn rate is about 300-500 g/hr. The target energy efficiency will be 70% and remember it has to heat water.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">The available materials are steel sheeting up to 6mm thick, and water pipes in standard sizes from 4” to 16”.The chimney height will be 3-4 metres in most cases. People are very familiar with the concept of ‘banking down’ a stove for the night. The typical fuel load will be 4-8 kg of coal depending on the altitude. In some places the winter temperature is below -40°C. All stoves have to be able to burn wood as well at least part of the time.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">There is no obvious capacity to produce pelleted or chipped fuel. There is no energy available to do that mechanically.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Ideas are welcome – I am not developing products, just holding a discussion for those who might. I will introduce the cooking and cultural complexities later. First think about how to burn wood and coal at a low power – 3 to 5 kW – overnight.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Homes frequently have one stove per room and only light them when the room is used.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Crispin<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; 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