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Teddy,<br>
<br>
Thanks for your informative posting. It is certainly of interest
to readers of the Stoves Listserv. Please continue with further
messages whenever you can.<br>
<br>
BTW, to Stoves readers: Teddy is the son of the man who invented
the KCJ (Kenyan Ceramic Jiko) about 40 years ago. The KCJ is a
classic example of an improved stove (especially at that time) that
has spread across many countries with local production and also
factory production. Teddy operates Cookswell Stoves in Kenya,
noted in part for its metal oven that uses charcoal fuel. Check it
out at <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://cookswell.co.ke/">http://cookswell.co.ke/</a><br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/8/2015 12:19 AM, Cookswell Jikos
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:CAA-40H+eWvBvmCfxuM=1h7zg9oXFVutuUPU5XnrOrzTUBqqfZw@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">Dear Paul and Crispin,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Have either of you heard about an organization called <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://followthemoneyng.org/womencookstoves.html">Follow
The Money</a>? They are following a $49 million USD project
to distribute 750,000 various stoves (LPG and otherwise) and
18,000 wonderbags. (Some interesting photos here - <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.662360343895129.1073741838.220283568102811&type=3"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.662360343895129.1073741838.220283568102811&type=3">https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.662360343895129.1073741838.220283568102811&type=3</a></a>)
It would seem that there have been some...issues... with the
project so far....<i>' <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.connecteddevelopment.org/aftermath-poor-implementation-of-womencookstoves-project-stakeholders-urge-new-minister-of-environment-to-support-local-markets-for-alternative-energies/">http://www.connecteddevelopment.org/aftermath-poor-implementation-of-womencookstoves-project-stakeholders-urge-new-minister-of-environment-to-support-local-markets-for-alternative-energies/</a></i></div>
<div>Does anyone know how much further along this program has
reached and if the rest of the stoves have been or are
planning to be disbursed in a more transparent manner?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>At the end of Dr Smith's email, he mentions the effects of
deforestation - ''North of the red line, deforestation and
desertification are serious in Nigeria due partly to fuelwood
harvesting.'' </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I would just like add on something I came across recently, <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://charcoalexport.tripod.com/"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://charcoalexport.tripod.com/">http://charcoalexport.tripod.com/</a></a> </div>
<div><i>''The charcoal industry is a multi-billion dollar
industry and a money spinner for interested investors. The
United Kingdom alone consumes more than 60,000 metric tons
of charcoal annually, out of which about 70% comes from
tropical Africa. Other countries around the world equally
consume charcoal in great quantity.'' <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.proshareng.com/news/Nigeria%20Economy/Charcoal:--The-Unexpected-Gold-Mine-/20630">Nigeria
currently ranks second to Brazil in the production of
charcoal. The western countries particularly prefer
Nigeria’s charcoal, as the country is rich in tropical
hardwood, which burns slower and is hotter. Nigeria
currently exports 380,000 metric tonnes of charcoal
annually.</a></i></div>
<div><i><br>
</i></div>
<div>While of course the vast majority of charcoal produced
across the Northern dryland strip of West Africa is destined
to local and regional cities. It would appear that there is
also a huge (far less documented) industry exporting lumpwood
charcoal to Europe and the Middle East for BBQ season. This
seems most unfortunate to me as it hardly helps a bad
situation and especially if the prices of appx. 200euros a ton
FOB Nigeria is an accurate average, that seems far too cheap
to be able to pay the producers fairly and conducted
sustainable forestry schemes. </div>
<div>Perhaps though there could be some lessons taken from the
circular economy movement, if many of these West African
charcoal exporting countries are net food importers, the
Ghanians seem to have come up with the perfect solution of a
type of charcoal that could be exported back to the EU and
Middle East for grilling their steaks next summer -<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="%20http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34802143">Charcoal
from Lavender Hill</a>. :)</div>
<div class="gmail_extra">
<div>
<div class="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div><b><br>
</b></div>
<div>Being from East Africa we have our own issues with
exporting charcoal, mostly from the Horn area. Seeing
as reducing the charcoal demand is always a good way
to start to help reduce deforestation rates, does
anyone know of any energy saving stoves/BBQ programs
that are being undertaken in countries like the UAE,
Lebanon and Oman where so much of East Africa's export
charcoal is destined? </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Hope I am not to far off topic, but any light
anyone else could shed on this would be much
appreciated. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Teddy </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<br>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Dec 8, 2015 at 12:43 AM, Paul
Anderson <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Stovers,<br>
<br>
The message below came from Kirk Smith via his Stove
(singular word) ListServ. So I am forwarding it and
(later) some other messages of interest about LPG for
clean cooking stoves. <br>
<br>
LPG for cookstoves was a point of discussion at the GACC
Forum in Ghana last month. Ghana has recently (a few
years back) discovered and is using gas deposits.
Discussions included lamenting the promotion of a fossil
fuel LPG instead of renewable biomass. The counter
points include 1) abundant gases that are just being
flared (so use them), and 2) that developed countries
should not be working against the developing countries
utilizing fuels that helped build the West. <br>
<br>
Not an easy or quick resolution. "Stovers" (biomass
types, mainly) need to be aware of such alternatives and
issues.<br>
<br>
See Kirk's message below with Nigerian kerosene data.
and ask yourself: <br>
Given that solutions exist (LPG, micro-gasifiers, and
more) for the solving of the clean cooking problems of
health and more, What numbers of deaths (and other
hardships) are inflicted upon one's own people by
corrupt government and selfish business interests? <br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div>On 12/6/2015 1:54 AM, Kirk Smith wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I am just returning from nearly
a week in Lagos where I gave the keynote address
at the Nigeria LP Gas Association annual meeting.
(My slides can be downloaded from the website
below – see “Talks.) Spent the rest of the time
visiting LPG facilities, slum and small-town
household kitchens, and the energy people at Lagos
University. (I might note that I used personal
funds for the travel)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The household fuel situation in
Nigeria is quite anomalous by comparison to other
West African countries or other parts of the
world. For its level of development, it has both
a high use of biomass (66% -- see pie chart below)
and low LPG use (5%), in spite of being 50% urban
and having the 7<sup>th</sup> largest gas reserves
of any country. Annual use of LPG, for example,
is just about 1 kg per capita, far below the West
African average of 4+ even though richer than the
average and having more than half of the
population of the region, thus driving down the
average. It actually exports 85% of the LPG it
produces, when there is clearly suppressed demand
in the country.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">One reason is the high
continued use of kerosene as a cooking fuel –
27%. ( I do not know of a country that today has
a higher kero use for cooking, but please let me
know of any. Given its size, Nigeria must in any
case contain a large percentage of all kero
cooking in the world) This is due to a heavy
long-term untargeted subsidy for kero and
consequent strong entrenchment of special
interests that make billions of dollars from it
annually. I was told that at least 2 recent
presidential elections were “bought” by the kero
lobbies. As elsewhere, much or even most of the
subsidy benefit actually accrues to special
interests and owners of diesel trucks because of
diversion. (as most of you know, household kero
use has high impacts on health and climate per
unit useful energy)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Nevertheless, there seems real
opportunity for a large-scale expansion of LPG, in
two major phases</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">--First to substitute LPG for
kerosene following something like the highly
successful effort by Indonesia to do so starting
in 2007. Like there, it would save the Nigerian
gov substantially by eliminating the kero
subsidies, which are bad for health, climate, and
economy. Monthly LPG costs, unsubsidized, are
actually cheaper than subsidized kero If up-front
costs can be handled, the recurring costs of LPG
are less that kero due to much higher efficiency,
even if unsubsidized. Like Indonesia, there
would have to be, sometimes painful, accommodation
of the special interests, as well as easing the
transition by poor households through provision of
the first cylinder and stove. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">--Second would be a major
expansion of LPG into wood-using areas focusing
first in the north where massive deforestation is
occurring due to fuel gathering (as well as
overpopulation and climate change). See map
below. Perhaps somewhat along the lines of
targeted subsidies as is happening in India.
In this case, there would be a serious carbon
benefit with potential international funds to
assist.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The optimism that something may
happen is not only due to the rising obvious
perversity of the current situation, but also
that the new gov here, the first to actually
directly clamp down on corruption in decades, is
giving most people I spoke with renewed hope for
turning the country around and is focused on such
social programs. They speak of a ~14x (!)
increase of LPG demand in 10 years -- from 5 to
50% coverage with a rising population. Ambitious
to be sure, but the kind of effort needed.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Another 115 million more people
that could have clean fuels before too long!. I
might note that even though already the 7<sup>th</sup>
most populous country in the world, Nigeria has
one of the highest fertility rates and may reach
900 million by 2100 (from ~185 million now) and
will be 3<sup>rd</sup> largest in the world by
2050. Thus, a good proportion of the population
in the world we most want to protect from
household air pollution, babies and pregnant
women, will be in Nigeria. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">An even greater incentive to
start soon./k</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">p.s. Ethanol is another option
as a clean fuel for which Nigeria has special
advantages being a major producer of cassava, an
excellent renewable source. At present, however,
there is not even enough production to cover food
needs and thus no capability to expand into
fuel. This could change with a concerted program,
however, although a difficult case to make in a
country with so much domestic gas reserve and
rapid population growth requiring more food each
year.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">p.p.s, Kero lighting is also
widely used because of lack of reliable power in
many areas. I was told, however, that
rechargeable LED lamps are rapidly replacing kero
lamps, but I have not yet seen any data in
support.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">------------slides-------------</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
deleted during resending: <br>
A. Pie chart with biomass at 56% and LPG at 5 % of
Nigerian household energy.<br>
<br>
B. Map of Nigeria showing wood fuel dominating in the
northern half of the country.<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Nigeria’s cookfuel situation –
very low LPG use in spite of having the 7<sup>th</sup>
largest gas reserves in the world. Currently, 40%
of gas produced is flared.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">North of the red line,
deforestation and desertification are serious in
Nigeria due partly to fuelwood harvesting.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">---------------------------<br>
Kirk R. Smith, MPH, PhD<br>
Professor of Global Environmental Health</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Chair, Graduate Group in
Environmental Health Sciences<br>
Director of the Global Health and Environment
Program<br>
School of Public Health<br>
747 University Hall<br>
University of California<br>
Berkeley, California, 94720-7360<br>
phone 1-510-643-0793; fax 642-5815<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:krksmith@berkeley.edu"
target="_blank">krksmith@berkeley.edu</a><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.kirkrsmith.org/"
target="_blank">http://www.kirkrsmith.org/</a><br>
<br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<br>
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