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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor="#F2F2F2" lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div class=WordSection1><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;background:#F2F2F2;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:15.0pt 15.0pt 15.0pt 15.0pt'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:5.0in;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:5.0in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width=366 style='width:3.05in;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 0in 6.75pt 13.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><strong><span style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'>The Aprovecho Newsletter - March 5th, 2015</span></strong><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=right width=197 style='width:118.2pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'><a href="http://us3.campaign-archive2.com/?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=9a0d9e3e8d&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>View this email in your browser</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:5.0in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateHeader><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 6.75pt 0in 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=36f0cf514a&e=3135640788" target="_blank" title=""></a><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=36f0cf514a&e=3135640788" target=""_blank""><img border=0 width=564 height=236 src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf/images/ARC_Logo9aa0cda0692176f5ce.jpg" align=left alt="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf/images/ARC_Logo9aa0cda0692176f5ce.jpg" title="""" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2"></a><![endif]><a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=36f0cf514a&e=3135640788" target="_blank" title=""></a><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><strong><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'>Cleaner Burning Rocket Stoves: Use a Fence?</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'>Rocket stoves have been shown to be much cleaner when burning at medium power (<a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=0d5fe9930f&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Jetter, et al 2012</span></a>, <a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=4b8edad23c&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Agenbroad, 2010</span></a>). For this reason, a fence located at the back of the combustion chamber in the new DOE funded Sunken Pot Rocket stove allows only 8cm of the tips of the sticks to burn. The outer portion of the stick remains too cold to make more wood gas. The stove is insulated with spirals of stainless and aluminum foil to increase the R-value and to decrease lost energy into the stove body. The riser tube above the combustion chamber is 10cm in diameter and the depth of the fuel magazine is shortened to 11cm. <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left style='border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><img border=0 width=322 height=389 id="_x0000_i1029" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf/images/b7e73ca2-8278-4c2f-a641-8a683173dc7d.png" alt="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf/images/b7e73ca2-8278-4c2f-a641-8a683173dc7d.png"><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width=564 valign=top style='width:4.7in;padding:0in 6.75pt 0in 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><em><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'>Only 8cm of the length of the sticks burn at once.</span></em><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:5.0in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateBody><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'>The hot gases flow upwards past the sides of the pot in a 6mm channel gap (Seen below) and then flow down a larger space to exit out of the chimney which is located below the bottom of the pot. The pot fits tightly in a hole cut into the stove top so no smoke escapes. Allowing only 8cm of four 1cm x 2cm sticks of wood to burn creates a firepower of about 2.7kW. This amount of flue gas can flow unimpeded through the 6mm channel gap resulting in excellent heat transfer efficiency. <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left style='border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><img border=0 width=305 height=368 id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf/images/08607dab-9f2c-41b9-9a51-2950be907d07.png" alt="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf/images/08607dab-9f2c-41b9-9a51-2950be907d07.png"><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width=564 valign=top style='width:4.7in;padding:0in 6.75pt 0in 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><em><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'>The pot sinks into the stove and is surrounded by a 6mm wide channel through which the hot exhaust gasses must pass.</span></em><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'>When a well-insulated Rocket combustion chamber (with fence) is combined with an effective heat transfer mechanism the emissions made per liter of food cooked can be substantially reduced. At close to 50% thermal efficiency, less wood is burned to boil and simmer water and cook food. However, would medium power Rocket stoves be acceptable to cooks? Perhaps when the thermal efficiency is close to optimal the stove might cook food fast enough even though the firepower is relatively low? <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><strong><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'>Stay tuned next time for: The ‘tier 4’ refractory ceramic side feed forced draft rocket stove!</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td style='padding:13.5pt 13.5pt 13.5pt 13.5pt;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td style='border:none;border-top:solid #EAEAEA 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:5.0in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateFooter><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 6.75pt 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:125%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#606060'>About </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#606060'><br><br>Aprovecho Research Center (ARC) is a non-profit organization dedicated to solving the problems of <a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=e90340bd14&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>indoor air pollution</span></a> and <a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=b5874056d9&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>fuel scarcity</span></a> in developing countries related to preparing food on biomass cook stoves. It has been helping people with stove design and testing since 1976, and since 2007 has helped to create Regional Testing and Knowledge Centers (<a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=d347d2c678&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>RTKC</span></a>) with its <a href="mailto:mike@aprovecho.org?subject=I'm%20interested%20in%20your%20emissions%20equipment%20and%20training%20services&body=Please%20provide%20me%20with%20more%20information%20about%20your%20emissions%20equipment%20and%20training%20services." target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>emissions equipment and training programs</span></a>. The emissions equipment is designed and manufactured on-site and training on equipment use and applications is offered at the campus or at the prospective laboratory.<br> <br>An <a href="mailto:mike@aprovecho.org?subject=Internship%20Program&body=Please%20provide%20me%20with%20more%20information%20about%20your%20internship%20program." target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>internship program</span></a> is available to people from the RTKCs, or to highly qualified individuals who want to enter the field. The program is designed so that the intern gains valuable skills, helps ARC in its work, and so that a lasting partnership is built.<br> <br>ARC's work is supported through the sale of its emissions equipment, testing, training, and design services, through the sale of <a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=09b198d059&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>StoveTec</span></a> products, and by donations. Donations help to cover costs between sales and free the staff to pursue topics that are pertinent to ARC's <a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=eac2668a3d&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>mission</span></a>. Some of those topics include developing the <a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=1631b611f4&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>testing standards</span></a> that make stove evaluations repeatable and accurate, learning the <a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=304aab8e27&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>design principals</span></a> of stoves so that anybody can make an improved stove, and supporting internships for people from developing countries so that they can make a lasting impact in their communities.<br><br>Aprovecho Research Center is exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Your gift is tax deductible. While you can easily <a href="http://aprovecho.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6024c1562ffc2660833c676cf&id=1324ccd57a&e=3135640788" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>make a donation though Paypal</span></a>, please consider mailing a check so that more money gets to the people who need it most.<br><br>The problems associated with biomass cook stoves are not well known to people who don't use them. Spread the word by forwarding this message to your friends.</span><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#606060'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td style='padding:0in 6.75pt 0in 6.75pt;min-width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 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