<html><head></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" lang="en-GB" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: initial;"> <div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thanks for that, Paul. </div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></div><div style="width: 100%; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><blockquote cite="mid:051901d18077$fe8f1af0$fbad50d0$@berkeley.edu" type="cite" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Slate Pro';"><div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">"However, the calculated emission rates (ERs) of CO and PM2.5 cannot meet the ER targets recently suggested</span><span style="font-size: 19px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">by WHO indoor air quality guidelines (IAQGs).</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"> "</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 14pt; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;">Please note that the claim here is that a stove emissions test can predict the health impact. The exposure to smoke is a function of the stove and the architecture and local environment. It is not possible to determine personal exposure to a stove's emissions from the stove alone. </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 14pt; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;">The documents involved in the WHO process are publicly available and involve both Monte Carlo simulations and various 'box models'. Read them and convince yourself that stove test emissions cannot be said to meet 'WHO exposure' targets or requirements. </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 14pt; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;"></span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 14pt; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;">As Paul points out, changing the testing sequence changes the emissions number significantly. Imagine then how much difference there is between an open and closed kitchen. </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 14pt; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;">Something really worth checking out is the assumptions of 'leakage' from chimney stoves, which obviously can make a kitchen smoke free. The leakage is assumed to be as high as 50%. Further, it is assumed there are no chimney stoves with improved combustion so the modelled leakage is always too much for safe personal exposure in the modelled kitchen. </span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 14pt; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;">This approach needs to change to reflect actual emissions and actual exposure. Chimney stoves are the most obvious and simplest way to reduce personal exposure to smoke in the kitchen. In China the only indoor emissions are from refuelling operations and poor machinined fits (where these are not controlled by the producer). </span><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 14pt; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;"></span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Regards </p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Crispin </p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: initial;"><br></span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: initial;"><br></span></p></div></blockquote></div><div><div><br><div id="_originalContent" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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Stovers,<br>
<br>
Below is the abstract of a significant comparative study done in
China. We thank Kirk Smith and his Stove list (different from
StoveS) for the information.<br>
<br>
Spoiler alert: Here is the punch line from the abstract:
<blockquote type="cite"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Statistically
signi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">cant differences<o:p></o:p></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">between the two [China and
Internatonal WBT] protocols indicate the need for further
efforts in emission tests and methodology development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">before the
release of a well-accepted international testing protocol.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<br>
Yes. Should we be surprised. It seems that some entities in the
international leadership of clean cookstoves might be pushing for
one test without sufficient attention to alternative testing
methods.<br>
<br>
Note (in abstract) that:
<blockquote type="cite"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">With longer
burning duration and higher<o:p></o:p></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">power, the Chinese WBT had
statistically higher ef</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">ciencies, gas temperature, and lower
pollutant emissions</span></p>
</blockquote>
<br>
Sure!!! Change the duration and power, expect different test
results!!! <br>
<br>
What is clear to me is that there should never be only one set of
tests. People around the world have very different ways of
cooking. High power in China, plancha stoves in Central America,
two-arm cooking of thick foods in parts of Africa, long-simmering
bean-meals vs. quick boil of rice meals, and on and on. The people
we are trying to serve want solutions that are appropriate for their
circumstances. <br>
<br>
Observation: There seems to be a slow-down in the seeking of stove
testing at the major testing centers that have equipment. I can be
shown to be incorrect if any testing centers would give us some
statistics of numbers and types of tests that are being requested.<br>
<br>
Of course I like the importance of emissions testing because the
TLUDs and other micro-gasifiers consistently give superior
results. But most funding in the past has gone to less-qualified
stoves. <br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 3/17/2016 1:08 PM, Kirk R. Smith
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:051901d18077$fe8f1af0$fbad50d0$@berkeley.edu" type="cite">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Can be downloaded from the website
below/k</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9","sans-serif";color:black">Ef</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9+fb;color:black">fi</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9","sans-serif";color:black">ciencies
and pollutant emissions from forced-draft biomass-pellet
semi-gasi</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:AdvTT5235d5a9+fb;color:black">fi</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"AdvTT5235d5a9","sans-serif";color:black">er
stoves: Comparison of International and Chinese water
boiling test protocols<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">Yuanchen Chen, Guofeng
Shen, Shu Su, Wei Du, Yibo Huangfu, Guangqing Liu, Xilong
Wang, Baoshan Xing, Kirk R. Smith, Shu Tao<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue">Energy
for Sustainable Development 32 (2016) 22</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue">–</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue">30</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Ab s t r a c t<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Biomass fuels are widely combusted
in rural China, producing numerous air pollutants with great
adverse<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">impacts on human health. Some
improved cookstoves and pellet fuels have been promoted. To
evaluate the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">performance of pellet-gasi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">er stoves, ef</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">ciencies and pollutant emissions
were measured following International<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">and Chinese water boiling tests
(WBTs). Compared with traditional stoves and unprocessed
biomass fuels,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">increased ef</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">ciencies and lower emissions of
pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), particulate
matter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">(PM), parent and derivative
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were revealed for
pellet-gasi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">er stoves.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">However, the calculated emission
rates (ERs) of CO and PM2.5 cannot meet the ER targets
recently suggested<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">by WHO indoor air quality
guidelines (IAQGs). Better control of air mixing ratio and
gross </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fl</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">ow rates of primary<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">and secondary air supply greatly
reduced emissions and increased ef</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">ciencies. Differences among testing
protocols<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">are the key factors affecting the
evaluation of stove performance. With longer burning
duration and higher<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">power, the Chinese WBT had
statistically higher ef</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">ciencies, gas temperature, and
lower pollutant emissions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">(</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">p </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">b </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">0.10) compared to those obtained
through the International WBT. Statistically signi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">fi</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">cant differences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">between the two protocols indicate
the need for further efforts in emission tests and
methodology development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">before the
release of a well-accepted international testing protocol</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">---------------------------<br>
</span>Kirk R. Smith, MPH, PhD<br>
Professor of Global Environmental Health<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Chair, Graduate Group in Environmental
Health Sciences<br>
Director of the Global Health and Environment Program<br>
School of Public Health<br>
747 University Hall<br>
University of California<br>
Berkeley, California, 94720-7360<br>
phone 1-510-643-0793; fax 642-5815<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:krksmith@berkeley.edu">krksmith@berkeley.edu</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.kirkrsmith.org/">http://www.kirkrsmith.org/</a><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<pre wrap="">To unsubscribe from this list go to:
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</blockquote>
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