<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:large;color:#351c75">In India during winter months there were quite a number of such deaths. This was mostly true in 1950s and 60s when coal stoves were common. </div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature">Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI)<br>Tambmal, Phaltan-Lonand Road<br>P.O.Box 44<br>Phaltan-415523, Maharashtra, India<br>Ph:91-2166-220945/222842<br><a href="mailto:e-mail%3Anariphaltan@gmail.com" target="_blank">e-mail:nariphaltan@gmail.com</a><br> <a href="mailto:nariphaltan@nariphaltan.org" target="_blank">nariphaltan@nariphaltan.org</a><br><br><a href="http://www.nariphaltan.org" target="_blank">http://www.nariphaltan.org</a></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Mar 19, 2016 at 10:04 AM, Frank Shields <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">Dear Crispin,<div><br></div><div>It always seems scary to me to have a small coal burning stove inside a home due to possible CO poisoning. Seems all one needs is a cold stack that reduces air flow, wet coal or the top covers are not closed tightly - and problems. So is there a lot of deaths during the night with people burning coal? </div><div><br></div><div>Regards</div><div><br></div><div>Frank</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Mar 18, 2016, at 7:15 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</div><br><div>
<div lang="en-GB" style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);line-height:initial">
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
Dear Frank </div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
This type of stove is designed to operate continuously. It is very likely to go out overnight in most homes. </div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
There is no need to dump the ash out of the combustion chamber. The ash will drop through the grate and if it doesn't the gaps will be widened. The amount of ash is dependent on the coal composition. Nothing else. </div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
The CO in the stack is directly measured by the analyser so it is very low. When it is hot it is about 200 ppm. As the fire dies of course it rises bit there is a significant reduction if the bricks are heat conductive. Provided they bring stored heat to the
fire fast enough the CO can be kept burning far longer into the late fire. </div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
This aspect of combustion is not much discussed because it isn't sexy. The effect is this: the lengthened late burn gives the impression that the stove has stored a great deal of heat and people really like that. In fact it is still burning at low power. Because
of the extra burn quality there is very little unburned char at the end, maximising fuel efficiency. </div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
The CO/CO2 ratio of a dying fire stabilises at about 14%, sometimes as low as 12. It will in be high (30%) only in hot, air-choked combustion <span style="font-size:initial;text-align:initial;line-height:initial">or when dumping cold fuel on a hot fire. </span></div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<span style="font-size:initial;text-align:initial;line-height:initial"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<span style="font-size:initial;text-align:initial;line-height:initial">Regards </span></div>
<div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<span style="font-size:initial;text-align:initial;line-height:initial">Crispin
</span></div>
<br>
<div style="word-wrap:break-word">Dear Crispin,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Is it easy to stop and re-start the stove? Or do you need to dump and refill with new material? and how much ash is produced? I would think the CO would be extremely high in the stack?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thanks</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Frank</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>On Mar 18, 2016, at 3:12 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</div>
<br>
<div>
<div style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Dear Friends</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Sorry for the poor quality photo but I wanted to show it to you with the hopper open. This is a coal stove with a hopper based on the GTZ-7 stove from Ulaanbaatar (2010). The model is a GTZ-7.6 but both the GTZ name has changed and the model 7.6 was designed
never built in Mongolia.</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
So, it gains life in Tajikistan. It is a cross draft stove with a hopper feeding coal onto a grate inclined down (away and to the left as seen here) at 30 degrees from the horizontal.</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span><span><image003.jpg></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
CARITAS TJ4B Cooking and chimney heating stove</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
The stove is little more than a metal shell with one central divider to facilitate the location of the bricks. It contains 19 good quality high temperature bricks recovered from old furnaces. In operation, the fire is lit in a TLUD style inside the section
directly under the cooking plates. It is lit with split dry wood surrounded by a small amount of coal chips. These chips are easily ignited and fall onto the bed of coal lying underneath. This in turn lights the fuel at the bottom of the hopper. Air crosses
through the lower hopper creating a continuously pyrolysis of fuel near the bottom of the grate. It functions a bit like a downdraft stove with the gases forced to pass through a cup of red hot coke stationed to one side. The flames then run upwards vertically
to the cooking area. The gas path then passes out the far end of the stove body into a chimney elbow.</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
If the firepower drops below the desired range, the ring on the movable grate can be shaken in and out. This causes additional fuel to fall onto the lower portion of the grate increasing the burn rate. The door is normally completely closed and holes up the
grate. If it is opened fully, the grate can be removed by pulling it straight back. Anything sitting on it is dropped into the ash drawer below.</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Here is the performance:</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span><span><image005.png></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
As this stove is supposed to heat via a metal chimney, it is important to find two things: a high gas temperature and an efficiency that is not so high as to leave little heat available. If the efficiency is high and the gas temperature low, there is little
more than can be extracted. This stove should be operated in the >85% efficient range (by adding horizontal chimney pipes).</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
The two fire-related numbers are the excess air level (about 100% which is in the ideal range) and a low CO/CO<sub>2</sub><span> </span>ratio (≈0.2% sustained).</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
With a space heating efficiency of about 53% it leaves another >30% available for heating a second room using the chimney. The cooking efficiency is typically 25% for this design, and that heat is considered part of the space heating contribution.</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Once the fire is established, the performance continues as shown above pretty much indefinitely. As long as the ash is not lumpy, it will fall through the grate which should be shaken occasionally, say, per 4-6 hours depending on the coal.</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
The hopper can be refuelled at any time. It does not disturb the performance unless the fire is nearly out.</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Constructed from new materials, this stove costs about $50 to make. It will last well because nearly everything that gets really hot is made from bricks. The heating power is about 3.5 kW from the stove with another 2 kW available from the chimney. It really
needs a cast iron top, held on by screws. The bricks can be replaced by the owner if a lower quality brick was used. The ones lining the fuel hopper do not all have to be such good ones.</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Regards</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Crispin</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important">_______________________________________________</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important">Stoves
mailing list</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important">to
Send a Message to the list, use the email address</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color:rgb(149,79,114);text-decoration:underline;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important">to
UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color:rgb(149,79,114);text-decoration:underline;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important">for
more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" style="color:rgb(149,79,114);text-decoration:underline;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:18px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span><Mail Attachment.txt></span>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><br></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div><br>_______________________________________________<br>
Stoves mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>
<a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br>
<br>
<br></blockquote></div><br></div>