<div dir="ltr">Dear Paul,<div>in the charring kiln that we have developed, the charcoal above the burning biomass glows red hot. Secondly, if, in a charcoal brazier, you introduced a small amount of water by means of a metal tube, below the burning charcoal, you can see a blue flame spurting out of the charcoal. The flame vanishes as soon as you shut off the water. </div><div>Yours</div><div>A.D.Karve</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature">***<br>Dr. A.D. Karve<br><br>Chairman, Samuchit Enviro Tech Pvt Ltd (<a href="http://www.samuchit.com" target="_blank">www.samuchit.com</a>)<br><br>Trustee & Founder President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)<br></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Mar 23, 2016 at 8:52 PM, Paul Anderson <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
Dear A.D.,<br>
<br>
Your message below refers to the "water-gas reaction." It cannot
occur at the relatively low temperatures of pyrolysis, and certainly
not occur in the zone where the char is not glowing red-hot.<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br>
<br>
Paul</font></span><span class=""><br>
<pre cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
</span><div><div class="h5"><div>On 3/22/2016 10:47 PM, Anand Karve
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Paul,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When the water vapour from the wet biomass
passes through
the layer of charcoal formed on top of the burning biomass,
the vapour may react with the char to form CO and
H2. These gases would burn in the flaming zone above the layer
of charcoal, but
such a reaction would result in lowering the char yield.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yours</p>
<span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A.D.Karve</span><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all">
<div>
<div>***<br>
Dr. A.D. Karve<br>
<br>
Chairman, Samuchit Enviro Tech Pvt Ltd (<a href="http://www.samuchit.com" target="_blank"></a><a href="http://www.samuchit.com" target="_blank">www.samuchit.com</a>)<br>
<br>
Trustee & Founder President, Appropriate Rural
Technology Institute (ARTI)<br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Mar 23, 2016 at 8:46 AM, Paul
Anderson <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">To those
interested in TLUDs and char-making,<br>
<br>
Yesterday I was with Dave Ely who operated a large
double-walled TLUD for char making (30 gal barrel inside a
55 gal barrel, as TLUD, not as a retort). We did not have
much fuel-wood that was nicely dry. Dave wrote (after I
left before the end of the operations):<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
after breaking down the 55 gal tlud ..., I observed a lot
of wet tree sap/oily residue. This liquid had to
contribute greatly in issues of keeping the systems
effeciently working. When mulberry brush limbs are
vertical in the column, and heated, the sap oozes out
branch points and bottom getting all surrounding wood wet,
which does not allow efficient heat transfer down the
column. <br>
</blockquote>
Commentary: TLUDs operate with "glowing or flaming"
pyrolysis at relatively low temperaturs of 550 to 650 deg
C. [The high and main heat is where the gases are being
combusted]. As the MPF (migratory pyrolytic front) moves
downward, some of the heat radiates downward, warming and
drying the adjoining pieces of fuel. In cases with fuel at
20% Moisture Content (MC) or less, the moisture is vaporized
and it moves upward. I (and probably some others) commented
about the "loss" of useful energy that was needed to
vaporize the moisture. I never thought much about other
possible outcomes of the excessive moisture in damp fuel.
[Maybe others have already noted and reported on this issue,
but it is new to me.]<br>
<br>
If the fuel is sufficiently damp (but at what % MC is not
known), the heat can do at least two things:<br>
<br>
1. Vaporize the water, but that water can condense back
into liquid on cool fuel, making adjoining fuel increasingly
more damp.<br>
<br>
2. Force sap (mainly water) out of the fuel in liquid form,
making adjoining fuel increasely more damp, or drippings in
the bottom of the fuel column.<br>
<br>
In both cases, there is an increase in the amount of water
in the next lower area that needs to be heated to pyrolysis
temperatures. When the amount of water is too much to
overcome (that is, to evaporate away from the zone of
pyrolysis), the MPF is gradually weakened and eventually
extinquished. And ALSO the amount of water vapor in the
rising hot gases could be too much to sustain the secondary
combustion.<br>
<br>
So, as Dave observed, as the TLUD proceeds to operate with
damp fuel, it eventually "floods itself" with watery sap,
etc.<br>
<br>
Note: In a "typical fire", damp wood does not burn well,
but it does not have the physical vertical structure that
results in the acccumulation of excessive moisture in the
remaining fuel in lower levels.<br>
<br>
Also, for char making with "damp-ish" fuel (perhaps above
25% MC?), the "flame cap" technology is better suited than
is the TLUD technology (unless the TLUD heat of one batch is
used to pre-dry the fuel for later batches).<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD<br>
Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a><br>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<br>
Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a><br>
<br>
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