<div dir="ltr">This is a great discussion, I am relatively new to this board but have been following these stove testing discussions with interest as it is where the science and the use of the stove collide.<div><br></div><div>To be honest I have become a bit confused as to the key test parameters and what would be best way to perform the tests. </div><div><br></div><div>For this simmering or turndown portion of the test is there any published standards or test methods that could be considered "best practice" for stove testing that could be used regardless of the stove test environment??</div><div><br></div><div>I am beginning to come to the opinion that the turndown is of low importance from a heat perspective as it is largely irrelevant for cooks if they have correct combination of pots and haybox or heat retention devices.</div><div><br></div><div>Which means the real factor of importance for "turn-down" is how much it can extend the total burn time for sequential stoves like TLUD, or reduce the fuel consumption for continuous burn stoves like Rocket designs.</div><div><br></div><div>Would this be a fair statement?? Is there a best practice or accepted format for a simmering or turn-down test??</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks to all for the vibrant discussion</div><div> </div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr">Tony Vovers</div><div>+1 281 7381000 (VOIP)<br>+62 (813) 3888 9062 (HP)</div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 4:34 PM, kgharris <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kgharris@sonic.net" target="_blank">kgharris@sonic.net</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><u></u>
<div lang="EN-ZA" bgcolor="white" vlink="#954f72" link="#0563c1">
<div><font size="2" face="Arial">Prof Lloyd,</font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial">This is great! The heat loss from the pot is
less because the room temperature is higher. Thus I can't keep the water
temperature down. I will definately think this one through and try some
experiments.</font> </div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial">Dieter has brought up the concept of retained heat
cooking in an insulated container. Would anybody even need turn-down in a
cook stove? Is retained heat cooking the better solution, or is it good to
have both?</font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial">Thank You,</font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font size="2" face="Arial">Kirk</font></div>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT:#000000 2px solid;PADDING-LEFT:5px;PADDING-RIGHT:0px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-RIGHT:0px" dir="ltr"><span class="">
<div style="FONT:10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial;BACKGROUND:#e4e4e4"><b>From:</b>
<a title="plloyd@mweb.co.za" href="mailto:plloyd@mweb.co.za" target="_blank">Philip Lloyd</a>
</div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>To:</b> <a title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">'Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves'</a> </div>
</span><div><div class="h5"><div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, May 31, 2016 12:59
AM</div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Effect of ambient
temperature on stove testing at lowpower</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">Dear
Kirk<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">I
have lurked during this discussion – forgive me for entering it
now.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">You
believed “the increase in ambient room temperature had changed the turn-down
performance of the stove.” <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">You
may have been mistaken. I think what happened was that the ambient room
temperature changed the measurement you were attempting to make. At the
higher ambient temperature there was less rate of heat loss from the cooking
pot, so it took less fuel to keep it hot and the turndown ratio – as you
define it – changed. So the problem may lie with your definition of the
turndown ratio. I use the minimal sustainable firepower, determined from
the rate of fuel feed which just keeps the fire going, as my lower measure,
and the maximum firepower I can achieve without significant oxygen starvation
as the upper one, and have yet to see the sort of effect of ambient
temperature on the ratio of the upper to the lower that you report with your
definition of the ratio.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">In
a word, you may be picking up a change in the heat transfer from the pot as
the ambient temperature changes, rather than anything fundamental about the
stove performance.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">I
hope that suggestion assists.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">Kind
regards<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">Prof
Philip Lloyd<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">Energy
Institute, CPUT<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">SARETEC,
Sachs Circle<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">Bellville<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">Tel
<a href="tel:021%20959%204323" value="+62219594323" target="_blank">021 959 4323</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">Cell
<a href="tel:083%20441%205247" value="+62834415247" target="_blank">083 441 5247</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt">PA
Nadia <a href="tel:021%20959%204330" value="+62219594330" target="_blank">021 959 4330</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div>
<div style="BORDER-BOTTOM:medium none;BORDER-LEFT:medium none;PADDING-BOTTOM:0cm;PADDING-LEFT:0cm;PADDING-RIGHT:0cm;BORDER-TOP:#b5c4df 1pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:medium none;PADDING-TOP:3pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Tahoma','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Tahoma','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"> Stoves
[mailto:<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of
</b>kgharris<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, May 31, 2016 8:08 AM<br><b>To:</b>
Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] stove
test<u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">Crispin,</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">My
original statement was to point out how the increase in ambient room
temperature had changed the turn-down performance of the stove. This is
an important topic if the stove principles are going to have any effect in hot
tropical countries. If you can comment on this I would be happy to learn
from your experience, but please stop hijacking my posts and misdirecting
attention to cater to your agenda against the current test methods.
Start your own thread if that is what you want to talk about.</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">All,</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">I will
be happy to answer questions about the burning abilities and
tecniques of our stove and combustor.</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">Kirk</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<blockquote style="BORDER-BOTTOM:medium none;BORDER-LEFT:black 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0cm;MARGIN:5pt 0cm 5pt 3.75pt;PADDING-LEFT:4pt;PADDING-RIGHT:0cm;BORDER-TOP:medium none;BORDER-RIGHT:medium none;PADDING-TOP:0cm">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">-----
Original Message ----- <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p style="BACKGROUND:#e4e4e4" class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">From:</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA"> <a title="crispinpigott@outlook.com" href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">Crispin Pemberton-Pigott</a>
<u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">To:</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA"> <a title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">'Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves'</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">Sent:</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">
Monday, May 30, 2016 9:40 PM<u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">Subject:</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA"> Re:
[Stoves] stove test<u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">Dear Kirk<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA"> With
the support of Aprovecho Research Center, I (actually we) have developed a
very good, clean burning TLUD-ND. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">I think you have done exactly that. Good on
you.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">There is no misdirection at all here. You are past the verge of
changing the stove’s superior performance in order to get a better rating on
an invalid metric. It is that simple. Don’t get sucked into that trap. When
you are getting results as good as you are, there are new opportunities to
go wrong. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">The only ‘misdirection’ has been supplied for years by test
methods that guided people to edit their stoves to meet spurious
requirements that did not bear directly on performance, or worse, actually
penalised stoves for their superior performance. A good example is
attached.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">This is not something new in the stove community. Here is a quote
from the attached Aprovecho document from 2003:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">“Why was the good advice, by established experts in the field,
represented in the VITA International Standard test, the result of several
well funded international conferences, obscure in 2003? Both the Indian and
Chinese governments developed tests of their own widening the scope of PHU
to include power, rate of evaporation, time. Visser (2003) published a
version of a water boiling test based on efficiency and appropriate power
for boiling and simmering. What motivated this parallel activity? Why isn’t
the VITA test in more general use?”<u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">One reason the VITA test was not more popular was it had several
conceptual errors and a few really poor metrics that gave mis-directing
outputs. One is the efficiency of simmering, another is the concept of
specific fuel consumption for simmering. Another was the idea of an
‘average efficiency’ meaning an ‘average thermal efficiency’. I believe from
my research that the specific fuel consumption for simmering and the average
efficiency were both introduced by Baldwin in 1986 or so, before his book
came out. Neither are acceptable metrics.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">The document refers to the VITA test the ‘international standard’
which is not supported by the evidence. Three or four minor parties agreed
to it and it was never used by the major markets in India and China. Even
Eindhoven University didn’t use it and they were a party to drafting it.
India pretty much adopted the minority position taken by KK Prasad from
Eindhoven and built that into their 1991 test. The Chinese test from that
era was very similar. India, interestingly, produced a list of 28 standard
sizes of cooking pot which is a record, I believe!<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">The long-forgotten organisation Bois de Feu had a clear
understanding of these issues and had a test method in 1982 that didn’t have
these problems. They treated the simmering phase very carefully (and
differently). Prasad (and Visser who was his student) developed multiple
test methods over the years. Piet Visser and I created one in Malawi in
about 2007 which later evolved into the ProBEC Test for heat transfer
efficiency which is now a SeTAR SOP, currently v1.05 (SeTAR is an
independently managed continuation of the 13 year long GIZ/ProBEC project).
It doesn’t really predict performance, it gives a real-time heat transfer
efficiency report under varying conditions. It is very easy to perform and
it supports pot-swapping, similar to the Indian
protocol.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">So, ladies and gentlemen, there are no Tier 4 stoves. That
achievement will have to wait for the development of appropriate, valid low
power metrics and one will need an equipment set capable of quantifying the
result.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">Kirk: don’t be bamboozled. You are doing good work. Nothing
is perfectly correct. Independent investigation of truth is still
required.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">Best wishes<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA">Crispin<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri','sans-serif';COLOR:#1f497d;FONT-SIZE:11pt" lang="EN-CA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">All,</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">With
the support of Aprovecho Research Center, I (actually we) have developed a
very good, clean burning TLUD-ND. This is real and proven and no
amount of misdirection can change that. It will be at Aprovecho
for stove camp for all to examine, and I will be giving a presentation
on how it burns so clean.</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">Respectfully,</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">Kirk</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-CA">Santa
Rosa, CA. USA</span><span lang="EN-CA"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN:center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span lang="EN-CA">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%">
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<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%">
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<p><span lang="EN-CA">No virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href="http://www.avg.com" target="_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2016.0.7598 / Virus
Database: 4591/12332 - Release Date:
05/31/16<u></u><u></u></span></p></blockquote></div>
<p>
</p><hr>
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<p>
</p><hr>
<p></p><a></a>
<p align="left" color="#000000">No virus found in this
message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href="http://www.avg.com" target="_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2016.0.7598 / Virus
Database: 4591/12332 - Release Date: 05/31/16</p><p></p><p></p></div></div></blockquote></div>
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<br></blockquote></div><br></div>