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<p>Hello all,</p>
<p>The Caravan article Crispin shared is a perfect illustration of
the distrust for the improved biomass stove technology.<br>
</p>
<p>The World Bank CSI is a pragmatic approach I believe, it is an
example of how a far-from-ideal situation can be assessed fairly
(the cookstove sector needs work on standards and protocol, it
needs building on best practices), and how it can be the basis for
a call for action. The WB asks not to lament, but to work on
improving what can be improved.</p>
<p>I am also more of the optimistic kind, and the optimism, we need
to share it: why do we think biomass cookstoves are still worth
working on? Why are we still doing what we do despite the previous
setbacks?<br>
</p>
<p>I feel we should make ourselves ready to answer important, and
valid, questions such as the ones from The Guardian or the Caravan
articles. This is advocacy.</p>
<p>I am not sure we are completely prepared to do so.</p>
<p>At Prakti we have interacted with a lot of other stakeholders,
other social businesses, distributors and NGOs, investors. And
sometimes also journalists. And sometimes we hear: "oh, another
cookstove company" "oh, cookstoves have been around for a long
time, but haven't really taken off". We sometimes face scepticism,
worse, defeatism. With almost the idea the cookstoves are not
necessary. If we believe they are, we need to hear and consider
their arguments, then to have thought about our arguments as well.<br>
</p>
<p> </p>
<p>First, I feel we might need to think ourselves more as a
community or sector, with common goals and interests. Healthily
competing or rather working together on a common issue. <br>
</p>
<p>Nikhil said:</p>
<p>"There is no "stove community" but a slum of labs and computers,
each hut producing its own meal and emissions."</p>
<p>Research efforts are indeed scattered and lack coordination. But
I believe there is a stove community, and quite an active one.
Participants and readers of this list have a lot in common.
Communities are nothing but the sum of all individualities after
all. We are scattered, but it doesn't mean we cannot work better
together. I see a lot of exchange and collaboration here. And
everyone is trying hard.<br>
</p>
<p>And as a community, I feel we have to explain what we do,
advocate why our cause is important and why our action is still
relevant. And if it is still relevant. I believe it is. So before
being able to answer, we must make our own in-depth
self-assessment.</p>
<p>This is what the GACC is doing by representing us and lobbying
for us, there is also the CLEAN network in India, and some other
organizations. But additionally, we might want to agree on certain
things. And this stovelist is still the most lively space for
exchange.<br>
</p>
<p>There is an initiative of French intellectuals called "Manifeste
convivialiste". They are advocating that, in order to make the
world a better place, rather than focusing on what they disagree
on, they should focus on what they agree on.</p>
<p>That could be something like:</p>
<p>"We as a sector are facing challenges: biomass combustion is
extremely complex, our target markets are challenging. Our efforts
are scattered. But our mission remains extremely important, and
the improved biomass cookstoves remain a relevant solution to the
global problem of unclean cooking."</p>
<p>For example, that is a start. From there, what is the first of
these challenges, and how to tackle it?</p>
<p>Let say the first and main challenge is the complexity of biomass
combustion (problem) -> we need more R&D to understand and
find ways to improve it while making stoves cheaper (solution).</p>
<p>A few persons mentioned in the article seem to agree:
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<ul>
<li> <span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:
"ＭＳ
明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times
New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">“My
sense,” Saran said, “was that the problem needed top-level
technology.”</span> </li>
<li> <span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:
"ＭＳ
明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times
New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">“We
started out with the dream of a global innovation
competition,” Rajendra Prasad, a professor at the Centre for
Rural Development and Technology at IIT Delhi, one of the
official stove-testing labs, said. “And now we’re back to mud
stoves.”</span> </li>
<li> <span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;mso-fareast-font-family:
"ＭＳ
明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times
New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Scientists
who spoke to me on cookstove design frequently compared their
challenges to rocket science. The technical problem is
surprisingly difficult. Combustion of solid fuels such as
wood, dung, coal and agricultural waste is far more complex
than that of gases or liquids such as LPG or diesel. Lighting
a wood stove can set off many more chemical reactions than
burning gas, and the emissions process can’t be modelled
easily—understanding depends on trial and error. Scientists
also know less about solid-fuel combustion than they do about
rocket propulsion. Stoves are not a glamorous technology, and
have attracted relatively little research. A scientist at the
Indian Institute of Technology in Delhi told me that students
are so embarrassed to be working on a stove project that they
ask to call it by another name.</span> </li>
</ul>
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<p>So, there is a need for a lot of work, and there is a need for
top engineering and scientific talents. How to attract top
talents?</p>
<ul>
<li>with R&D budget and attractive wages<br>
</li>
<li>with good communication about our sector</li>
<li>by simply ... going and talking to them. Telling them about
our work. And trying very hard to build partnerships.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<p>But first we need to assess that we need them, and that R&D
is the problem. And I have the feeling we believe a bit too much
that we are gonna sort all these issues by working in our garages
on our spare time and by organizing stove camps. Don't get me
wrong, stove camps are great and lead to a lot of information
being exchanged. But this is far from being enough, we need to be
much more ambitious. We need renewed efforts and smart ways to
attract, develop, and retain talents. At Prakti we have put an
increased emphasis on that, for example we have an ongoing
partnership with Engineers Without Borders U.K.<br>
</p>
<p>Because today, frankly:</p>
<ol>
<li>What are really the efforts done on fundamental research on
biomass combustion for cookstoves? Who is seriously working
full-time on combustion?</li>
<li>With what manpower?<br>
</li>
<li>Is this research organized?</li>
<li>Is it heavily financed as it should be?</li>
<li>Do we really think this research effort is up to the
challenges we are facing?<br>
</li>
</ol>
<p>If we answer "No" to the question 2 to 5, then we have a start,
and we know where next to put our efforts.</p>
<p>Best,</p>
<p>Xavier</p>
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