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<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Crispin and All,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Some clarification: By radial mixing I assume
you mean the method in the lower photo where the air travels inward,
radially. By helical mixing I assume you mean swirling gasses by
using fan blades like in the top photo. Neither of these
represents a conclusion on my part. Your opening sentence put me
on guard immediately because it defines your techniques as my conclusion.
A more accurate starting sentence for your response would have been 'Here
are two techniques to look at that have worked for me'. My thinking
is not limited to these two ideas. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Your techniques are what I was looking for, ideas for
rapid mixing.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Kirk H.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><FONT size=3>----- Original Message -----
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><FONT
size=3><B>From:</B> </FONT><A title=crispinpigott@outlook.com href=""><FONT
size=3>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott</FONT></A><FONT size=3> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><FONT size=3><B>To:</B> </FONT><A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org href=""><FONT size=3>'Discussion of
biomass cooking stoves'</FONT></A><FONT size=3> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><FONT size=3><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, September 27,
2016 8:09 PM</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><FONT size=3><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Stoves] Rapid
mixing</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>Dear Kirk<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>I think your conclusion is correct – that you can shorted the height of
the combustion zone with radial or helical
mixing.<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>I provide two photos with this in mind, though accomplished in
completely different ways. The first is (for a wood burner, not pellets) is to
put the mixed below the fuel, to continuously create a series of ‘induced
vortices’ a few of which pass through the fuel and provide mixing by spinning.
A vortex tends to perpetuate itself so all that is needed is to get a few
going all the time.<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><IMG style="WIDTH: 3.145in; HEIGHT: 2.833in"
id=Picture_x0020_1 src="cid:BE556CB969264075B6140222E23AED59@phyllisPC"
width=302 height=272><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>The material is a low chrome stainless steel. The production is in
three stages: blanking, punching the cuts, then
forming.<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US">The
second method of shortening the flame is to use the secondary air entering the
fire as a method of driving the flames horizontally. This should be done in a
‘divided’ manner, not a ring of air, so that it breaks up the rising gases
into manageable jets. This kind of short clean burn can only be done with
preheated secondary air – 300-500</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US">˚</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US">C
works well.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><IMG style="WIDTH: 3.145in; HEIGHT: 3.145in"
id=Picture_x0020_2 src="cid:B0AE5440D3C44C54B1A24E192D949885@phyllisPC"
width=302 height=302><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>The fire above is burning pellet gas (as a TLUD) though it also works
for wood if the gas generation is consistent. Consistency requires very good
air control. The amount of is required to achieve this is so low that it
pretty much rules out having an open bottom with fuel sticking out.
<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>Readers may recall Julien in Coburg combined the injection of air and
placement of the air feed in the gas stream. A problem commonly reported with
that approach is the cooling of the metal by the air can interfere with the
combustion.<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>Readers may also recall Dr Nurhuda in Indonesia achieved a downward
turning flame consistently in his recent stoves reducing the flame height
basically to zero. All of these approaches can assist the provision of lower
height stoves – a major challenge for typical Indian rural households where
cooks won’t compromise on the cooking height. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>Everyone should try these approaches and report what works well.
<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>Regards<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><FONT
size=3>Crispin<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> ……<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Not to be distracted
from the purpose of this list, I have a thought about wood stoves. A
small natural draft wood burning cook stove that mixes the wood gas with
secondary air in 2 cm has a considerable advantage over a stove that may take
20 cm or more. It's a little like transistors,
which gave advantage over vacuum tubes in electronics. Rapid mixing
can enable a small wood stove to burn quick and clean at both <STRONG><U><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial',sans-serif">high and low</SPAN></U></STRONG> power
levels. Witness the excellent numbers for the Wonderwerk TLUD-ND stove
which uses a rapid Venturi mixing technique. Combined with
the user friendly power level controls, the principles used in the
Wonderwerk stove hold considerable potential. Rapid mixing seems to me
to be a very good area for research. I wonder how many rapid mixing
techniques will be found over the next few years? I intend to
contribute.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">List, keep writing
about wood stoves, don't be
distracted.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial',sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Kirk
H.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></P></DIV></DIV>
<P>
<HR>
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