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<p>... not to forget a project in Bungoma, North West Kenya, where
they make briquettes from water hyacinth, a noxious weed that is
suffocating Lake Victoria.</p>
<p><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://aconetwork.weebly.com/fuel-briquettes.html">http://aconetwork.weebly.com/fuel-briquettes.html</a></p>
<p>Ingelore Kahrens<br>
</p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 11.10.2016 um 12:35 schrieb
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:scda2@t-online.de">scda2@t-online.de</a>:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:1476182157010.22964.78c193e02f971b3204e6c8d7a8143b8d88cc8a0c@spica.telekom.de"
type="cite">
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<title></title>
<p style="margin: 0px;"><span
style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family:
arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;
text-decoration: none;">"Charcoal from waste",<br>
i can report from 3 interesting projects in East Africa and
Southern Africa transforming waste to charcoal:</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family:
arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;
text-decoration: none;"><br>
1) A project in the East of Kenya near Lake Victoria is
transforming bagasse from sugarcane can into charcoal. They
are using an "adam-retort" kiln for the carbonization of the
bio-waste.</span> About 100kg to120kg (dry weight) of bagasse
fit into the wood chamber of about 2,5 (?)m³.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family:
arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;
text-decoration: none;">About 30kg of charcoal are harvested.
Efficiency is about 30% (burnt waste fuel in fire box not
counted). The charcoal is shaped into briquettes, but I have
not details about it.<br>
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family:
arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;
text-decoration: none;"><strong><span class="cmp_parsed_email"
data-cmp_parsed_email="mark.lung@eco2librium.com"
data-ce-class="Emails"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:mark.lung@eco2librium.com">mark.lung@eco2librium.com</a></span><a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="cmp_parsed_url"
href="http://www.eco2librum.net,," target="_blank">,</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.eco2librium.net/">http://www.eco2librium.net/</a><br>
</strong></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family:
arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;
text-decoration: none;"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family:
arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;
text-decoration: none;">2) Another interesting project is done
in Kenya near Naivsha.<br>
I cite from their homepage: "In urbanizing communities we
install modern container-based toilets in people's homes for
free and charge a small monthly fee to service them. Then,
instead of dumping the waste, we transform it into a clean
burning alternative to charcoal. Our dependable, user-focused,
and vertically integrated sanitation services address the full
sanitation value chain and allow families living in urbanizing
communities throughout East Africa to live a modern and
healthy life.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family:
arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;
text-decoration: none;">As far as i understood the "pupe" is
used as a binder to make charcoal briquettes. The charcoal
comes from twigs, roots and leaves which is a left over from
nearby flower farms. The twigs and leaves are carbonized in an
"adam-retort" kiln. Unfortunately i don't have any further
details.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> <span
id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14351"
style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;">Catherine
Berner | Technical Lead</span><span
id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14353"
style="font-size: small;"></span><span
id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14354"
style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;">
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:catherine@sanivation.com">catherine@sanivation.com</a><br
id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14358"
clear="none">
</span></p>
<div id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14359" dir="ltr"
style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span
id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14360"
style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14361"
class="cmp_parsed_url" href="http://www.sanivation.com/"
target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">www.sanivation.com</a> |</span></div>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">3) In <strong>Malawi /
Zimbabwe</strong> a project is using bamboo left overs for
carbonization. I am not sure if the bamboo-char is used itself
or it is compacted into briquettes. What's interesting is that
they made essays with an industrial steel retort and a brick
built "adam-retort" kiln. The industrial steel retort has less
volume and its costs including transport <strong>300% more</strong>
that the brick built kiln<span
style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><br>
</span>and they prefer the brick built kiln.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">(citation. "...<span
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65111" style="font-size:
11.0pt;">The metal retort stores approx. 330kg of bamboo
(adam: dry or wet ??) and yields about 80kg – 100kg charcoal
but uses almost as much firewood as the brick retort so
efficiency conversion rate is low.</span>.."</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">On the brick kiln i got the
following information, i assume the wood chamber has a volume of
about 3m³ :<span
style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><br>
</span>" ..<span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65160"
style="font-size: 11.0pt;">It is very successful. The
community group built it entirely themselves on provision of
the materials. The recovery rate is <strong>very high</strong>
– approx. 800kg bamboo <span
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65111" style="font-size:
11.0pt;">(adam: dry or wet ??)</span> giving <strong>250kg
charcoal</strong> and using around 100kg firewood or less.
(adam: 800kg --> 250kg, folllows 100kg --> 31kg)</span>..".</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span
id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65372" style="font-size:
11.0pt;" lang="EN-US"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:louise.bleach@googlemail.com">louise.bleach@googlemail.com</a>, </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="cmp_parsed_url" href="http://bio-innovation.org"
target="_blank">http://bio-innovation.org</a></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">Cheers</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">Dr. Chris ADAM<span
style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><br>
</span>biocoal.org</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"><span
style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">-----Original-Nachricht-----</p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">Betreff: [Stoves] Charcoal from waste -
home cooking or other markets? (Re: Crispin, Anand Karve)</p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">Datum: 2016-10-04T16:43:48+0200</p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">Von: "Nikhil Desai"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:pienergy2008@gmail.com"><pienergy2008@gmail.com></a></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">An: "Discussion of biomass cooking stoves"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"><stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org></a></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"> </p>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Moderator: I changed the subject line. This is in
response to Crispin's comment about Anand Karve's work.
<div>---------------
<div>
<div> </div>
<div>Crispin: "<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">That is
what is so inspiring about AD Karve?s work on charring
waste </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">biomass
to produce a high quality fuel. He even produced the
extruder and </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">the
Sarai stove to go with it. That is a museum quality
piece of work - to </span><span style="font-size:
12.8px;">be studied... "<br>
</span><br>
I take your word for it, but I also had this suspicion a
few years ago that what Anand Karve was proposing in
terms of converting waste biomass for charcoal was worth
more attention, not primarily as a fuel choice issue but
as a waste management issue. In dry regions such as much
of India, leaf and tree waste along with other open
biomass waste is a major problem in municipal waste
management. Why, just driving by Gandhinagar - the
capital of Gujarat state where I lived - a few months
ago I saw huge piles of leaf waste in numerous parks
that have been created by the state government to make
the city "green". All those leaves will be burned in the
open, contributing to air pollution (not reported in
peer-reviewed literature so it must not exist) that
damages biota health here and now. On the other hand,
such burning will release organic aerosols that
supposedly cool the atmosphere, so it is most definitely
"green" for the "global environment" advocates. <br>
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;"><br>
Open organic waste - including leaves, tree debris,
food waste - is a huge headache for local governments.
On the other hand, urban trees have multiple benefits
including <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.accessscience.com/content/urban-tree-leaves-remove-fine-particulate-air-pollution/BR0116141">air
filtering</a>, favorable changes in ambient
temperatures (thus impacting building energy demand; I
did some work for Cinncinnati Gas and Electric climate
options 20+ years ago), and I also happen to like
urban forestry, gardening, food production (if land,
water, and air quality so permit). <br>
<br>
A new paradigm of urban/peri-urban biomass production,
utilization, and waste management needs to emerge, and
energy analysts have much to offer. </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"> </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Unless they leave
the field to WHO and EPA. <br>
<br>
</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">The question is, do
Indian customers care to advance to cleaner charcoal
or convenient LPG? <br>
<br>
As I mentioned in the previous post, the commercial
potential may not lie in household cooking but in
water heating (peri-urban, rural) and
commercial/institutional cooking and heating
(water/space). </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"> </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">****<br>
<br>
Crispin: "But he is promoting charcoal consumption -
very offensive to some. Shall </span><span
style="font-size: 12.8px;">we forgive him too? :)"</span><br>
<div><br>
Asking forgiveness from sinners of cooked science? You
must be joking, Mr. Pemberton-Pigott. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>I note your emoticon, but this is no laughing
matter. I think it's time to stop blaming direct use
of solid fuels for presumed envionmental ills.<br>
<br>
It's the process that matters. Converting primary
solid fuels into an energy service can be "dirty
process" or "clean (or cleaner) process." <br>
<br>
Extending Kirk Smith et al (AREE 2000 on India) to all
processes of solid fuel transformation, not just final
combustion, and counting all emissions, could well
show that investments at all steps of the fuel cycle
can deliver small-scale direct use of solid fuels at a
lower emission rates than the "traditional" processes
(unprocessed solid fuels with relatively uncontrolled
combustion and no emissions capture or ventilation). </div>
<div><br>
I will send you and Ron an e-mail about solid fuels
and "dirty fuels"; you decide if it would add rancor
or value to this List. I too prefer gas, electricity,
and solar (thermal or soon enough, induction cooking
via PV). There are markets for those. But until the 3
billion people we bleed our hearts and research funds
on get to that nirvana, reducing the PICs and the
drudgery of cooking should be the prime goals of
research on solid fuels use. Banning solid fuels
should be limited to some areas and some users. <br>
<br>
<div>Nikhil</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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