<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Paul, cc List (note change of thread name).</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>1. Thanks for the followup on this important, apparently quite successful, new TLUD marketing effort. Because I have visited the Chervals facility in Chennai, and have seen you operate them, I haven’t had much to contribute to recent discussions. But today I followed the “atmosfair” part of the story - and have some comments below. I found two trip reports - and include them in full, to save others the task of translating. I have bolded and underlined a few remarks from each.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>These trip reports are not particularly helpful compared to your own report - but they are third person and from the company I want to emphasize here. First point - I think atmosfair would be of great help to biochar if they found a way to include the placement of char in the ground as permissible. It appears they are now claiming nothing (in dollar/rupees/deutchmarks terms) relative to CDR (carbon dioxide removal) - only energy efficiency. It is not yet clear to me how they figure the climate benefit - but if someone wanted to place their made-char in the ground - I believe that would be worth more to stove users in dollar/rupees/deutchmarks. Mainly because there is a carbon multiplier: more carbon negativity than from the char itself as there is increased above ground growth, more below ground fungi, more savings in nitrous oxide release, etc.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The main message I get from your report and the following is that the stove is making (not just saving) money for the users. Which other stove type can make that claim?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>2. Next is the (somewhat out-of-date - 2014) Google translation of an atmosfair staffer’s trip report found at: <a href="https://www.atmosfair.de/documents/10184/30784/Reisebericht+Indien_Sundarbans_Feb2014/c7701742-39b4-4be4-b27c-54fc6c045991" class="">https://www.atmosfair.de/documents/10184/30784/Reisebericht+Indien_Sundarbans_Feb2014/c7701742-39b4-4be4-b27c-54fc6c045991</a></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>(Apologies for so few words on a line and the un-needed capitalization - just the way Google sends it back. Note the words biocarbon and coal - both mean charcoal - and, more loosely, biochar. There are also two short videos - but those are related to employment. The fact that there is pickup of the produced char is an important part of the scheme. I wish I knew more about the supplied fuel.)</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class=""><i class="">"Travel report</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Journey to the wood gas cooker project in India, February 2014</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Until now I was lucky enough to have cooker projects in Nigeria (including verification), Rwanda and Lesotho</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Place to visit, support, prepare for the verification or accompany. in the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">February 2014 I went to India for the first time to visit our wood gas cooker project.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Before I left I was very excited and excited. Moulindu, our project partner on site, and</i></div><div class=""><i class="">I planned to visit 15 cookers to visit, to interview and on each cooker an efficiency test</i></div><div class=""><i class="">To be carried out. I also visited the stove factory in Chennai and befriended</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Research institutes.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In summary, I can only say what I have said on the spot: I am</i></div><div class=""><i class="">impressed! <u class=""><b class="">We found happy cookers</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class="">Before, as I know it otherwise only from the Save80 furnace.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">We also have a great deal with Sapient</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Organized project partners, in particular</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In the construction of the infrastructure for the collection of the</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Biocarbon</b></u> is an important contribution to the success of the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Project. With the income from the</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Coal</b></u> sale and the savings</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Wood consumption has become the stove for the user</i></div><div class=""><i class="">After 2 months.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">To the background: In our wood gas cooker project</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In India up to now 3000 wood gas cookers have been subsidized by a contribution from climate protection</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Price has been sold. The digesters are operated with wood waste. There are remnants of mango wood,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Which are otherwise used for the production of tooling. The wood waste have</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The same price for the end customer as other wood, but <u class=""><b class="">are supplied tailored</b></u>. Therefore</i></div><div class=""><i class="">There is a lot of interest in waste wood, which also spares forests.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Photo 2: Use of residual wood</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Photo 1: a street in the project area</i></div><div class=""><i class="">What is special about the wood gas cookers is that they are not only compared to the traditional</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Clay oven about <b class=""><u class="">50% save wood</u></b>, but that they <u class=""><b class="">only have to be filled once</b></u> and no wood</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Must be submitted.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Photo 3: User during cooking with traditional clay oven (left) as well as the efficient TLUD oven (right)</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The new stove <u class=""><b class="">relieves the cookers very muc</b></u>h. Aspects by the users especially</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The following are estimated at the new cooker: There is no smoke that saves the cooker</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Wood, the resulting<u class=""><b class=""> biocoal is repurchased</b></u>, the stove looks good and <u class=""><b class="">users have more</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Time to do other things</b></u> while the cooker is cooking</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In addition, the biocool collects a close contact with the cooking users.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Stoves, which are not accepted in the first days, are taken back and attached</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Other interested users. This results in <u class=""><b class="">a utilization ratio of almost 100%</b></u>. In addition to the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Interviews, I could also gain many other impressions besides the cooks. The first</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Cook user was Hausmann and one of his hobbies was Hahnenkampf. This he led us directly</i></div><div class=""><i class="">in front.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Photo 4: Bengali cook user</i></div><div class=""><i class="">After that, we carried out an efficiency test in a household where the cow was still in the kitchen</i></div><div class=""><i class="">was standing. Many young women in their sisters were in the immediate distance and saw us giggling</i></div><div class=""><i class="">And is interested in it.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Photo 5: Cookers</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Very impressive was the team spirit</b></u>. Together, the employees have a <u class=""><b class="">small fund</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">To help each other</b></u>. From the sale of the coal is also a</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Fund for scholarships</b></u> for children from poor households. The</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Teamgeist also, when we tried to operate the stove with rice stalk. After a few</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The employees became increasingly motivated. Eventually came</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Employees to the idea of using a folded grater for the air supply. That's it</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Actually worked and there <u class=""><b class="">was even a blue flame</b></u> - like a gas cooker. At the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">We are now developing this further. The use of alternative ones is also very exciting</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Fuels, such as "cow-dung sticks". These also work surprisingly well</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In the TLUD stove.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Photo 6: Use of alternative fuels in the TLUD stove</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Report by <u class=""><b class="">atmosfair Employee Maren Kügler</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class="">contact</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Maren Kügler</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Project implementation & controlling</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><a href="mailto:kuegler@atmosfair.de" class="">kuegler@atmosfair.de</a></i></div><div class=""><i class="">atmosfair gGmbH</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Zossener Straße 55-58</i></div><div class=""><i class="">10961 Berlin, Germany</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Tel: (030) 627 35 50-24”</i></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3. I couldn’t find a date for the second trip report. The word “digester” must be a problem in translation.</div><div class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div class=""><i class="">"Travel report India</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Journey to the wood gas cooker project in the Sundarbans, India</i></div><div class=""><i class="">First evaluation</i></div><div class=""><i class="">It is a sultry Sunday morning, 6:30. The small wooden boat with the passengers and chuckles through the dense Mangrove landscape. We</i></div><div class=""><i class="">are on the way to a house in the village Saga Iceland, one of the many small ones Islands about 80 km south of Calcutta. The region</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The Ganges Delta</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Sundarbans, Bengali for</i></div><div class=""><i class="">"Beautiful forest", forms the natural habitat of the Bengal tiger.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The first internal evaluation (monitoring campaign) of the atmosfair project "Efficient</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Holzgaskocher Sundarbans "has begun. Since summer 2012 has atmosfair partner</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Moulindu Banerjee</b></u> from the small agency Sapient from Calcutta with its employees</i></div><div class=""><i class="">1000 cookers distributed to users and</i></div><div class=""><i class="">numerous information events</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Are held.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The results of this evaluation are particular</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Therefore interesting because it is</i></div><div class=""><i class="">To a new technology so far</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Has not yet been tested on a larger scale</i></div><div class=""><i class="">has been. The first of us visited</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Housekeeping this morning has the stove</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The area of the Sundarbans in the state of West Bengal</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Boats are the most common means of transport</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Our visit to a user household,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">On the stove is just Dal cooked.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The inhabited areas of Sundarbans.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Last December for 1,000 rupees (about 14 €) bought. "I still remember"</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Says Moulindu, "they absolutely wanted the stove after a public show</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Take it with you! But that was not possible, because the digesters are stored centrally.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">One employee took him to the house a week later. "</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The distribution of the digesters is made personally by the respective employees on site,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">To train the families in proper handling and to show how to</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Efficiently save wood and can boil with energy.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Public demonstrations are announced by handouts and banners a few days previously</i></div><div class=""><i class="">And are a common way to introduce the digester in the places and the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">To educate people about the important aspects of saving wood. In the Sundarbans</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Regularly drives a small vehicle with loudspeakers around and sends one</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Small advertising contribution to Bengali explaining the advantages of the wood gas cooker</i></div><div class=""><i class="">- including <u class=""><b class="">efficient, non-smoking cooking and production of charcoal</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">As a by-product</b></u>.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In the next 3 weeks, we will be 32 households, according to a random principle</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Of the database,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">visit. We would like to consider,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Whether the digester is actually under</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The dated addresses</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Whether the users with the new</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Cookers, what</i></div><div class=""><i class="">They like it and what</i></div><div class=""><i class="">There are suggestions for improvement.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Rice is the main food</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In the Sundarbans and</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Is done three times a day</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Eaten.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">By the pyrolysis process in the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Wood is converted into charcoal</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The wood gas cooker is special</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Energy efficiency.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In addition, we perform some efficiency tests, which provide information about energy efficiency</i></div><div class=""><i class="">And charcoal production, and which allow calculations of CO2 savings.</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div class=""><i class="">After the boat has been laid, we have to go a whole way to the village.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Meanwhile it has become very hot, the thermometer shows almost 38 ° C. We will</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Welcomed with sweet tea and to our delight we see the digester actually</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Is in use: a large pot of rice stands on the gas flame.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">We conduct the interview using a <u class=""><b class="">standardized</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Questionnaire,</b></u> followed by a precise evaluation</i></div><div class=""><i class="">allows. This does not mean that we do</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Only three hooks, on the contrary, in the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Usually takes such an interview 30-40 minutes and</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Is not infrequent in <u class=""><b class="">discussions about climate change and climate change</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class="">Precipitation changes and other challenges,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">With which the inhabitants of this region,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Which is regularly flooded, daily</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Have to deal with.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The visits revealed that the stove <u class=""><b class="">in 96% of the</b></u></i></div><div class=""><u class=""><b class=""><i class="">Households are used daily and in many households</i></b></u></div><div class=""><u class=""><b class=""><i class="">The old stove completely</i></b></u></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Replaced. </b></u>Why the old stove still partially in use</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Let us know.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">"On weekends we often get family visits, there</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The size of the cooker is not sufficient to cook all the guests. "</i></div><div class=""><i class="">What do you like about the stove? "It allows flexibility,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Once, he burns by himself. During the rice</i></div><div class=""><i class="">I can cut the vegetables. With the traditional</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Clay oven does not go, because <b class=""><u class="">you have to sit next to it and</u></b></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><b class=""><u class="">Take care that the fire does not go out. </u></b>This is very</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Deforestation is a big issue</b></u> in the Sundarbans.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Few trees means less protection at extreme</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Weather conditions, <u class=""><b class="">increased soil erosion</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">And a massive restriction of soil fertility</b></u>.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Table and an enormous work facilitation. By the way, he <b class=""><u class="">halved the fuel consumption.</u></b> "</i></div><div class=""><i class="">We heard an answer in all of the 32 households: the TLUD is especially appreciated</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Because of its <u class=""><b class="">minimal smoke development</b></u>, which makes it possible also in closed</i></div><div class=""><i class="">To use spaces - an enormous advantage for the monsoon season, which in this part of the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Earth for two months.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The good acceptance of the cook is no accident, but the <u class=""><b class="">result of long planning</b></u>,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Including failed attempts in regions with other cooking habits.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Atmosfair partner Moulindu Banerjee lives</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Though in Calcutta, but he is during the</i></div><div class=""><i class="">First phase of the project in the Sundarbans</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Drawn and has culture and traditions</i></div><div class=""><i class="">On the spot.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">This is reflected in the very good organization</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Of the project: <u class=""><b class="">the people</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Trust him</b></u>, and he is very close with</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Its local employees,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Which regularly serve the users on site.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The wood gas cooker could be so in</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The test phases to local conditions</i></div><div class=""><i class="">And has the users by its good handling and its</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Wood saving, flexibility and low smoke development</b></u>.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The old moodstove (left picture) was used by many households almost entirely through the use</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The new, <u class=""><b class="">more energy-efficient,</b></u> wood-saving and smoke-free wood gas cooker</i></div><div class=""><i class="">(Right picture).</i></div><div class=""><i class="">During our visits, we often find human grains</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Boat or in the village and thus the curiosity was aroused. <u class=""><b class="">Mouth to mouth</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><u class=""><b class="">Propaganda</b></u> is perhaps the most important strategy known to the wood gas cooker</i></div><div class=""><i class="">To make; On our visit Moulindu gets many inquiries and orders.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Our investigations show that the wood gas cooker enables a household,</i></div><div class=""><i class="">To <u class=""><b class="">save up to 1.25 tonnes of timbe</b></u>r annually. This is particularly the case in this area</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Is <u class=""><b class="">threatened by massive deforestation</b></u> and at the same time the habitat of many rare animals</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Is a key factor. A comparable CO2 saving is achieved through the use</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Of charcoal, which is produced in the digester by the pyrolysis process. The households</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Sell these charcoals usually at restaurants or goldsmiths, which allows</i></div><div class=""><i class="">A <u class=""><b class="">refinance of the cooker within 6 months</b></u>. Thus, conventional</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Charcoal, whose production is otherwise very inefficient - from 6 kg</i></div><div class=""><i class="">Wood is only 1 kg of charcoal. This results in a <u class=""><b class="">total CO2 saving of approx. 2.5</b></u></i></div><div class=""><i class="">Tonnes per year.</i></div><div class=""><i class="">The balance of the <b class=""><u class="">internal evaluation is therefore all-round positive</u></b>. That is why atmosfair is now</i></div><div class=""><i class="">In the next steps each 1,000 to 4,000 additional wood gas cookers in the Sundarbans</i></div><div class=""><i class="">And by the gold standard, 10,000 tons of CO2 savings per year</i></div><div class=""><i class="">certified</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div class=""><i class="">Bericht von atmosfair‐Mitarbeiterin Marieke Tobiasen"</i></div><div class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div class=""><i class=""><br class=""></i></div><div class="">4. I urge that your next version of your paper make more clear two things. First, that this arrangement is suboptimal from a biochar perspective. OK from a charcoal perspective - but I believe that this part of India would be better off with putting char in the ground - at least there should be some experiments supported by atmosfair. It looks like they could soon (maybe already?) have filled their existing local market for charcoal. Restaurants using charcoal should be making their own. Possibly also blacksmiths. The market is much larger than the present one.</div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Second, there is some room for better explaining the economics. There is a 6 month payback, which should appeal to almost every stove user. And you/they/the_team have an installment plan which probably makes the payback even quicker. The cost of the stove should not be a big issue; Rather - what is the IRR (Internal Rate of Return)?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>5. No disagreement with anything you have written below. I leave on a ten-day trip in a few hours, but will try to add more later.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Again, Paul - nice work.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Ron</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Oct 16, 2016, at 12:46 PM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" class="">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Dear Stovers,</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Unfortunately, far too much of what Crispin and Nikhil have written recently is true. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Crispin wrote:</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><blockquote type="cite" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">It has proven very difficult to get support for product development. One of the reasons is that innovators have shouted ‘improved’<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">so many times</i>, that it is widely assumed that the improved stoves needed to address (all) development goals already exist. This is a common perception among those working outside this sector.</span></blockquote><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">And that is especially true for recent and less well known stove types, such as the TLUDs. The older of the "improved" stoves get the attention and the funding. Look at the support for rocket stoves and charcoal burners. And how important they are for the "stove count" trying to reach 100 million households. Why? At least partly because those stove types are backed by the older companies, and they have vested interests in sticking with small-change revisions of those older stove types.</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Only in the last few years have TLUD stoves been included in a few of the comparative studies of stoves. And there has been no significant funder-support for TLUD stoves since the BEIA Project in Uganda (pre-GACC and ended in mid-2012). Interesting that very low emissions from TLUDs were not sufficient to get those stoves into the mainstream projects. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">However, considering the "used and useful" criteria (that I like) mentoned by Nikhil, we do have another very successful project worthy of discussion. I have attached the recently released report of the TLUD project in the Deganga area of the Ganges Delta in India. (also available at<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://drt.ud.com/" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">drt.ud.com</a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>). 11,000 households in a compact area, etc. etc. that you can read about. What is relevant to the current discussion is that NO funding support for that project came from any of the major providers of funds. Instead it was a private not-for-profit carcon credit organization (atmosfair) the made the initial high-risk effort. It financed the first 1000 stoves and set up record-keeping for carbon credits. This is major money for some but really is "peanuts" funding for the major players who could have supported this project. And NOW that the project has a very successful track record for 3 years, it would be nice it the "big money" entities could sponsor an expansion and replication of this success. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">But not a glimmer of interest shown thus far. Nor do the major players have many avenues for assisting such efforts. This is now mainly outside of the pilot and early implementation phases. My opinion is that "crowd-funding" can have more impact on getting good stoves to needy people than all the millions of dollars spent by many of the big players who control the purse strings.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Of course, there big entities hold out the "business model" as their favored way to support projects. Major issues include ROI (return on investment) and interest rates and "exit strategies". And keen stove developers need to find the business management teams to undertake such efforts. There is very little "heart" in such efforts to bring people out of poverty. Certainly SUSTANABILITY is highly important. But look at the attached file of the Deganga project. Long term projections look very very good. But prospects for growth to reach other communities and even more people in Deganga are dependent on finding $15 per additional household. Otherwise, if additional households can only be added using funds generated from the ongoing project, that is essentially saying the the impoverished people must generate "profit" before others can be assisted.</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Time for some changes, or we are stuck with very little progress and with dangers of overall failure again of a major effort for better stoves for peoples and societies and environments. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Paul</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><pre class="moz-signature" cols="72" style="font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com/" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">www.drtlud.com</a></pre><div class="moz-cite-prefix" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On 10/15/2016 9:28 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<br class=""></div><blockquote cite="mid:YTOPR01MB02359A34670166B39073D9D2B1D10@YTOPR01MB0235.CANPRD01.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM" type="cite" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Dear Nikhil<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">></span><span style="" class="">I wonder if there were any usability tests. In US regulatory practice, there is a term I like - declaring an investment "used and useful" before allowing the investor to earn a regulated return on it. There are so many "improved biomass stoves"; I wonder if anybody has tried to estimate which designs are "used and useful". </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">This is a very good question. There is usually a pretty significant gap between what stove project staff consider ‘improved’ and what users consider ‘improved’. This was highlighted during the Ulaanbaatar Clear Air Project UBCAP. The goal of the users (fuel efficiency) was not aligned with the primary goal of UBCAP which was (and still is) a reduction in the emission of PM<sub class="">2.5</sub>.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">We discussed it frankly in 2008-2009. In order to succeed the stoves promoted had to address both constituencies. It is clear from observations and interviews that everyone in the city is concerned with ambient air quality, but there is a much lesser response when an individual’s own behaviour is involved. Generally people were not willing to be PM-martyrs with regard to their own emissions.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">So the selection of supported stoves was done on the basis of a combination of two improvements and one ‘do no harm’ rule. PM had to be down 80%, then 90% over the baseline, the fuel efficiency had to be improved to the point that it met common regional standards, which are 70% in most cases, and finally, the CO produced per delivered MJ should not be higher. In practise, the CO was reduced because taking care of the combustion quality generally improves CO as well so it became a non-issue.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">It is a reasonable example of attracting adoption over a performance metric that was low on the concern list of the individual home owner, but high on the list of the funder.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="" class=""><br class=""></span>><span style="" class="">Xavier Brandao had sent a very powerful post on 4th August 2016, asking for a focused R&D effort.</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">And he hit that point well. It has proven very difficult to get support for product development. One of the reasons is that innovators have shouted ‘improved’<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">so many times</i>, that it is widely assumed that the improved stoves needed to address (all) development goals already exist. This is a common perception among those working outside this sector.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Stove / air quality / fuel saving projects are frequently based on the following plan:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">1.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Raise funds with various promises of deliverables such as access to modern energy, fuel saving (tree saving), air quality improvement (based on some of the wonkiest science in the sector), reduction of drudgery and once again, against the grain of evidence, a reduction in ‘sexual violence against women’. All these things save the last are common elements of stove projects.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">2.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Survey the market for improved stoves, which clearly they consider to already exist.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">3.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Test them and pick ‘the best one(s)’.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">4.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Promote the best one(s) by reducing the costs associated with promoting and adopting them.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">So, where in the list do you see the development of appropriate products? Very few organisations have done that – far fewer than those fitting the above over-generalisation. Practical Action should be praised for their work in Darfur during which they worked assiduously to make a usable stove from local materials that consistently saved 50% of the fuel in that cooking context. You can read about the Stove Wars of Darfur in the works of Samer Abdelnour who documented what happened during a time when people were given as many as 10 different stoves all said to be ‘improved’.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Next I can point to a stove that was developed from the ubiquitous Keren Stove in Indonesia. It is called the Keren Super. Its main feature is that it doesn’t appear to have any features at all – it looks almost exactly like the traditional Keren. The big reason people like it so much is that it saves a lot of fuel, particularly when it is cooking for a long time. It burns the same fuels, has the same controllability and has the same long term cost and comes from the same traditional artisans. It can, like the traditional version, be made in different qualities, sizes, casings and so on, to suit market price segments.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">The development of the product was done within the CSI-Indonesia Pilot Project, though not specifically as a named activity. In a sense it was tolerated because it happened and had promise. It may turn out to be the most popular product promoted. If so, it really is worth studying why.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Next is the stove programme of CARITAS Switzerland which is in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, mostly the former. This has a specific mandate to develop better products and has had for several years – at least four. Through that effort new ideas have been introduced that seem to be acceptable to the families they hoped to assist. Once there are some proofs of acceptance, they can be supported over the whole region. Yesterday I saw some great photos (which I will try to share) from the project Fresh Air in Kyrgyzstan. They show the conditions in which people are living, and the fuels available. For a designer it is very disciplining to be required to meet the needs of the families using only the materials and fuels available.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">The solutions they have now are by no means loved – even if they are effective enough. There are all sorts of problems with traditional stoves and we should be keenly aware of their shortcomings if we want to have new ‘better’ products adopted easily. I observe that improved performance is immediately appreciated. Major issues are:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Time and attention needed to run the stove (frequently having to go to the stove and do something)<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Fuel preparation (all fuels need to be prepared by someone, even LPG)<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Leaks of smoke from the stove body/top<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Smoke leaks from the heating wall or brick chimney<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Poor cooking performance<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">Condensation issues (extracting too much heat from the gas stream – through this is not an adequate explanation of the problem)<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">A ‘flash in the pan’ heating cycle: big heat followed by a lingering fire<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class="">A need to burn two or three fuels together to get the cheapest ones to burn well (cotton stalks, dung, sawdust, coal dust, crop wastes)<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">If the problems are addressed ‘in the bargain’ then the performance attributes that are appreciated by the donor/project can be ‘smuggled’ into the plan, as Cecil would say.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">So what then is the problem? Basically, the belief that the solutions already exist. That is the big impediment. So many people claim to have solved the problems, before they have even been delineated, there has been generated an aura of finality about the product development cycle. Others have declared that the problem is not solvable with ‘solid fuels’ and everyone has to move to electricity and gas. I like electricity and gas and use both myself, but we have to be realistic – not in the sense that we will tolerate solid fuels for a while, the GACC approach, but that we should use the Mongolian approach: admit that the fuel will remain the same for the foreseeable future and learn to get drastically better performance from it, perhaps even better than electricity and gas, all things considered.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">This has raised a strange bifurcation in the stove community – those who declare that solid fuels cannot be burned cleanly (or at low enough cost) or at all, and those who are carrying on to do so in spite of numerous historical failures. Guess who is winning the battle against poor performance?<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">The infamous claim in the document known as the Stove Comparison Chart (in the introduction) that ultra-clean Mongolian stoves ‘only appear to be clean’ has generated a joke about Ulaanbaatar PM<sub class="">2.5</sub><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>where the air quality was improved by 65% in 4 years (because of the stove exchange programme) in spite of no change in the fuel and an increasing population. The joke is that the air ‘only appears to be clean’ because they continue to burn lignite. It can only ‘<i class="">really</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>be clean’ if they change fuels to something far more expensive like semi-coke briquettes or LPG.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">As you can imagine, Mongolians are happy with their air that ‘appears to be clean’, a consequence of their stoves that ‘only appear to be clean’.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">There are stoves all over the place being promoted that ‘only appear to cook’. In reply the cooks are voting with their wallets and/or their feet.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Crispin<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">PS Did you know it is possible to make an ‘improved mitad’?<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><br class=""><fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset><br class=""><pre wrap="" class="">_______________________________________________
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</pre></blockquote><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span id="cid:13FF5E99-0799-40EB-8F4A-919BCBC4B50D"><TLUD-Case-Study-Deganga-2016-09-30.pdf></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">_______________________________________________</span><br style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; 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