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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><strong>Dear Rebecca Vermeer,</strong><br /></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none">i think transforming sawdust (and wood chips) into charcoal briquettes is quite common on an industrial level.<br />Check this factory, i visited them 9 years ago in East Malaysia (500 tons/month production at that time):</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><a href="http://www.cipta.com.my/v2/source/03products.htm">http://www.cipta.com.my/v2/source/03products.htm</a></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none">They are chopping up left over from chipboard production into sawdust and wood chips.<br />Sawdust is dried, compacted in a piston press (long shaped briquettes with a hole in it)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none">carbonized in a brick kiln.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><strong>2 things to mention</strong>: there is awkward wear on the piston press, the screw needs to be repaired with tungsten rods (welding) every few days.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none">The briquettes are kind of "sintered" in the kiln, it means kiln temperature gets very high (700°C). Sintering makes the briquette very strong (however is reducing the heat value per briquette compared to standard pyrolysis as during sintering a part of the briquette may turn to ash).<br /><strong>Best</strong></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"><strong><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">Chris A.</span></strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><img id="unU5ZfRuf18ave1UauosTW919MjkFzGb" src="cid:1476884847364.1104031.85868c802d1a0ad7dc698e35573d31e15d241cfa@spica.telekom.de" border="0" alt="" width="772" height="514" data-id="873133418" data-uploadid="o_1aveinfohq1o1rb319375bu1so5n" data-filename="MY06_Extruding-many01_800x5.jpg" /></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none">A series of piston press</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><img id="P0b72PYov4WQaLVF78CW89CjDrDNfBPU" src="cid:1476884847371.1104032.b386620f360da69c7c405f091ae37a8f8a91fc44@spica.telekom.de" border="0" alt="" width="772" height="514" data-id="873135603" data-uploadid="o_1aveisfq3b0k1fuaajh491ojvs" data-filename="DSC04109 Cipta.JPG" /></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none">A series of kilns</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none"><img id="bdewShijeP6jTyuA8mLAUEsbYM9Hw74s" src="cid:1476884847390.1104033.08ef374502b3673261ebafccc553c339b70f1659@spica.telekom.de" border="0" alt="" width="772" height="514" data-id="873137053" data-uploadid="o_1aveiv7pr1b6ue971m0vfq66jv11" data-filename="MAY06_HotCharTransPort_Medium.JPG" /></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;color:#000000;text-decoration:none">Sintered charcoal driven off from the kiln to a place where it can be covered by a large lid.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;">Betreff: Re: [Stoves] Charcoal from waste - home cooking or other markets? (Re: Crispin, Anand Karve)</p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">Datum: 2016-10-12T17:39:12+0200</p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">Von: "Rebecca A. Vermeer" <ravermeer@telus.net></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">An: "Discussion of biomass cooking stoves" <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org></p>
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<div>Dear Chris, Crispin,</div>
<div>Do you know of a successful project where wood sawdust is converted to charcoal and the charcoal processed into briquettes?</div>
<div>Regards,</div>
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<div>Rebecca Vermeer</div>
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<div style="color: #000; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><strong>From: </strong>"Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <crispinpigott@outlook.com><br /><strong>To: </strong>"stoves lists.bioenergylists.org" <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br /><strong>Sent: </strong>Tuesday, October 11, 2016 4:12:52 AM<br /><strong>Subject: </strong>Re: [Stoves] Charcoal from waste - home cooking or other markets? (Re: Crispin, Anand Karve)<br />
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<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"><br />Dear Chris</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"> </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">Always good to hear from you. The bamboo waste things sounds highly replicable in many areas.</div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"> </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">I will report separately on the experiments with biochar being made at the CAU lab in Beijing, which is on an experimental farm. They have many sources for the char and are looking into how it affects plant growth. </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"> </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">One of the source materials is sewage which contains plenty of carbon. </div>
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<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">Regards </div>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">Crispin</div>
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<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">"Charcoal from waste",<br />i can report from 3 interesting projects in East Africa and Southern Africa transforming waste to charcoal:</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><br />1) A project in the East of Kenya near Lake Victoria is transforming bagasse from sugarcane can into charcoal. They are using an "adam-retort" kiln for the carbonization of the bio-waste.</span> About 100kg to120kg (dry weight) of bagasse fit into the wood chamber of about 2,5 (?)m³.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">About 30kg of charcoal are harvested. Efficiency is about 30% (burnt waste fuel in fire box not counted). The charcoal is shaped into briquettes, but I have not details about it.<br /></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><strong><span class="cmp_parsed_email">mark.lung@eco2librium.com</span><a class="cmp_parsed_url" href="http://www.eco2librum.net,,">,</a> http://www.eco2librium.net/<br /></strong></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"> </span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">2) Another interesting project is done in Kenya near Naivsha.<br />I cite from their homepage: "In urbanizing communities we install modern container-based toilets in people's homes for free and charge a small monthly fee to service them. Then, instead of dumping the waste, we transform it into a clean burning alternative to charcoal. Our dependable, user-focused, and vertically integrated sanitation services address the full sanitation value chain and allow families living in urbanizing communities throughout East Africa to live a modern and healthy life.</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">As far as i understood the "pupe" is used as a binder to make charcoal briquettes. The charcoal comes from twigs, roots and leaves which is a left over from nearby flower farms. The twigs and leaves are carbonized in an "adam-retort" kiln. Unfortunately i don't have any further details.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> <span id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14351" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;">Catherine Berner | Technical Lead</span><span id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14353" style="font-size: small;"></span><span id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14354" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;"> <a id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14356" class="cmp_parsed_email mceItemAnchor" rel="nofollow" shape="rect"></a>catherine@sanivation.com<br id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14358" clear="none" /></span></p>
<div id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14359" dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14360" style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;"><a id="yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14361" class="cmp_parsed_url" href="http://www.sanivation.com/" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">www.sanivation.com</a> |</span></div>
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<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">3) In <strong>Malawi / Zimbabwe</strong> a project is using bamboo left overs for carbonization. I am not sure if the bamboo-char is used itself or it is compacted into briquettes. What's interesting is that they made essays with an industrial steel retort and a brick built "adam-retort" kiln. The industrial steel retort has less volume and its costs including transport <strong>300% more</strong> that the brick built kiln<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><br /></span>and they prefer the brick built kiln.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">(citation. "...<span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65111" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The metal retort stores approx. 330kg of bamboo (adam: dry or wet ??) and yields about 80kg – 100kg charcoal but uses almost as much firewood as the brick retort so efficiency conversion rate is low.</span>.."</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">On the brick kiln i got the following information, i assume the wood chamber has a volume of about 3m³ :<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><br /></span>" ..<span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65160" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">It is very successful. The community group built it entirely themselves on provision of the materials. The recovery rate is <strong>very high</strong> – approx. 800kg bamboo <span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65111" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">(adam: dry or wet ??)</span> giving <strong>250kg charcoal</strong> and using around 100kg firewood or less. (adam: 800kg --> 250kg, folllows 100kg --> 31kg)</span>..".</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65372" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><a id="yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65374" class="cmp_parsed_email mceItemAnchor" rel="nofollow" shape="rect"></a>louise.bleach@googlemail.com, </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><a class="cmp_parsed_url" href="http://bio-innovation.org">http://bio-innovation.org</a></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">Cheers</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">Dr. Chris ADAM<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><br /></span>biocoal.org</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px;">-----Original-Nachricht-----</p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">Betreff: [Stoves] Charcoal from waste - home cooking or other markets? (Re: Crispin, Anand Karve)</p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">Datum: 2016-10-04T16:43:48+0200</p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">Von: "Nikhil Desai" <pienergy2008@gmail.com></p>
<p style="margin: 0px;">An: "Discussion of biomass cooking stoves" <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org></p>
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<div dir="ltr">Moderator: I changed the subject line. This is in response to Crispin's comment about Anand Karve's work.
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<div>Crispin: "<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">That is what is so inspiring about AD Karve?s work on charring waste </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">biomass to produce a high quality fuel. He even produced the extruder and </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">the Sarai stove to go with it. That is a museum quality piece of work - to </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">be studied... "<br /></span><br />I take your word for it, but I also had this suspicion a few years ago that what Anand Karve was proposing in terms of converting waste biomass for charcoal was worth more attention, not primarily as a fuel choice issue but as a waste management issue. In dry regions such as much of India, leaf and tree waste along with other open biomass waste is a major problem in municipal waste management. Why, just driving by Gandhinagar - the capital of Gujarat state where I lived - a few months ago I saw huge piles of leaf waste in numerous parks that have been created by the state government to make the city "green". All those leaves will be burned in the open, contributing to air pollution (not reported in peer-reviewed literature so it must not exist) that damages biota health here and now. On the other hand, such burning will release organic aerosols that supposedly cool the atmosphere, so it is most definitely "green" for the "global environment" advocates. <br /><span style="font-size: 12.8px;"><br />Open organic waste - including leaves, tree debris, food waste - is a huge headache for local governments. On the other hand, urban trees have multiple benefits including <a href="https://www.accessscience.com/content/urban-tree-leaves-remove-fine-particulate-air-pollution/BR0116141">air filtering</a>, favorable changes in ambient temperatures (thus impacting building energy demand; I did some work for Cinncinnati Gas and Electric climate options 20+ years ago), and I also happen to like urban forestry, gardening, food production (if land, water, and air quality so permit). <br /><br />A new paradigm of urban/peri-urban biomass production, utilization, and waste management needs to emerge, and energy analysts have much to offer. </span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Unless they leave the field to WHO and EPA. <br /><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">The question is, do Indian customers care to advance to cleaner charcoal or convenient LPG? <br /><br />As I mentioned in the previous post, the commercial potential may not lie in household cooking but in water heating (peri-urban, rural) and commercial/institutional cooking and heating (water/space). </span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">****<br /><br />Crispin: "But he is promoting charcoal consumption - very offensive to some. Shall </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">we forgive him too? :)"</span><br />
<div><br />Asking forgiveness from sinners of cooked science? You must be joking, Mr. Pemberton-Pigott. </div>
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<div>I note your emoticon, but this is no laughing matter. I think it's time to stop blaming direct use of solid fuels for presumed envionmental ills.<br /><br />It's the process that matters. Converting primary solid fuels into an energy service can be "dirty process" or "clean (or cleaner) process." <br /><br />Extending Kirk Smith et al (AREE 2000 on India) to all processes of solid fuel transformation, not just final combustion, and counting all emissions, could well show that investments at all steps of the fuel cycle can deliver small-scale direct use of solid fuels at a lower emission rates than the "traditional" processes (unprocessed solid fuels with relatively uncontrolled combustion and no emissions capture or ventilation). </div>
<div><br />I will send you and Ron an e-mail about solid fuels and "dirty fuels"; you decide if it would add rancor or value to this List. I too prefer gas, electricity, and solar (thermal or soon enough, induction cooking via PV). There are markets for those. But until the 3 billion people we bleed our hearts and research funds on get to that nirvana, reducing the PICs and the drudgery of cooking should be the prime goals of research on solid fuels use. Banning solid fuels should be limited to some areas and some users. <br /><br />
<div>Nikhil</div>
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