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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Rebecca,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>This could make a good char buy back program.
Saw dust could be charred in small retorts in cook stoves. The gas from
the saw dust would add to the cook fire and the char bought and brought to
a central briquette making facility, or used for other products (char is
versatile). I don't know if the Eco Kalan is able to receive a retort,
perhaps it would need a TLUD. There are two excellent TLUDs that I know of
in that part of the world, the Champion and the Prime (though the Prime has a
central post that might interfere). There are probably more. Another
possibility is the new rice husk stoves. Saw dust is similar in texture
so perhaps saw dust would work in a forced air rice hull stove with
whatever adapting is needed. This would allow loose, unprocessed (except
for drying) saw dust to be a fuel source. Servals recent success could be
a model buy back program to look at.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Kirk</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"
dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=ravermeer@telus.net href="mailto:ravermeer@telus.net">Rebecca A.
Vermeer</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, October 12, 2016 8:37
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Stoves] Charcoal from waste
- home cooking or other markets? (Re: Crispin, Anand Karve)</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
<DIV>Dear Chris, Crispin,<BR></DIV>
<DIV>Do you know of a successful project where wood sawdust is converted to
charcoal and the charcoal processed into briquettes?</DIV>
<DIV>Regards,</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Rebecca Vermeer</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<HR id=zwchr>
<DIV
style="FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; COLOR: #000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="color: #000; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><B>From:
</B>"Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <<A
href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</A>><BR><B>To:
</B>"stoves lists.bioenergylists.org" <<A
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>><BR><B>Sent:
</B>Tuesday, October 11, 2016 4:12:52 AM<BR><B>Subject: </B>Re: [Stoves]
Charcoal from waste - home cooking or other markets? (Re: Crispin, Anand
Karve)<BR>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"><BR>Dear
Chris</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">Always
good to hear from you. The bamboo waste things sounds highly replicable in
many areas.</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">I
will report separately on the experiments with biochar being made at the CAU
lab in Beijing, which is on an experimental farm. They have many sources for
the char and are looking into how it affects plant growth. </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">One
of the source materials is sewage which contains plenty of carbon. </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;"><BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">Regards </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); WIDTH: 100%; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"
data-mce-style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif,sans-serif; color: #1f497d; text-align: initial; background-color: #ffffff;">Crispin</DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"></SPAN> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">"Charcoal
from waste",<BR>i can report from 3 interesting projects in East Africa and
Southern Africa transforming waste to charcoal:</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><BR>1)
A project in the East of Kenya near Lake Victoria is transforming bagasse from
sugarcane can into charcoal. They are using an "adam-retort" kiln for the
carbonization of the bio-waste.</SPAN> About 100kg to120kg (dry weight)
of bagasse fit into the wood chamber of about 2,5 (?)m³.</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">About
30kg of charcoal are harvested. Efficiency is about 30% (burnt waste fuel in
fire box not counted). The charcoal is shaped into briquettes, but I have not
details about it.<BR></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><STRONG><SPAN
class=cmp_parsed_email>mark.lung@eco2librium.com</SPAN><A class=cmp_parsed_url
href="http://www.eco2librum.net,,/" target=_blank
data-mce-href="http://www.eco2librum.net,,">,</A>
http://www.eco2librium.net/<BR></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"></SPAN> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">2)
Another interesting project is done in Kenya near Naivsha.<BR>I cite from
their homepage: "In urbanizing communities we install modern container-based
toilets in people's homes for free and charge a small monthly fee to service
them. Then, instead of dumping the waste, we transform it into a clean burning
alternative to charcoal. Our dependable, user-focused, and vertically
integrated sanitation services address the full sanitation value chain and
allow families living in urbanizing communities throughout East Africa to live
a modern and healthy life.</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;">As
far as i understood the "pupe" is used as a binder to make charcoal
briquettes. The charcoal comes from twigs, roots and leaves which is a left
over from nearby flower farms. The twigs and leaves are carbonized in an
"adam-retort" kiln. Unfortunately i don't have any further details.</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> <SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; FONT-SIZE: small"
id=yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14351
data-mce-style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;">Catherine Berner |
Technical Lead</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: small"
id=yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14353
data-mce-style="font-size: small;"></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; FONT-SIZE: small"
id=yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14354
data-mce-style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;"> <A
id=yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14356
class="cmp_parsed_email mceItemAnchor" shape=rect
rel=nofollow></A>catherine@sanivation.com<BR
id=yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14358 clear=none></SPAN></P>
<DIV style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" dir=ltr
id=yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14359
data-mce-style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; FONT-SIZE: small"
id=yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14360
data-mce-style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: small;"><A
id=yiv4115818809yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_14361 class=cmp_parsed_url
href="http://www.sanivation.com/" shape=rect rel=nofollow target=_blank
data-mce-href="http://www.sanivation.com/">www.sanivation.com</A> |</SPAN></DIV>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">3) In <STRONG>Malawi /
Zimbabwe</STRONG> a project is using bamboo left overs for carbonization. I am
not sure if the bamboo-char is used itself or it is compacted into briquettes.
What's interesting is that they made essays with an industrial steel retort
and a brick built "adam-retort" kiln. The industrial steel retort has less
volume and its costs including transport <STRONG>300% more</STRONG> that the
brick built kiln<SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><BR></SPAN>and
they prefer the brick built kiln.</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">(citation. "...<SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt" id=yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65111
data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The metal retort stores approx.
330kg of bamboo (adam: dry or wet ??) and yields about 80kg – 100kg charcoal
but uses almost as much firewood as the brick retort so efficiency conversion
rate is low.</SPAN>.."</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">On the brick kiln i got the
following information, i assume the wood chamber has a volume of about 3m³
:<SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><BR></SPAN>"
..<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt" id=yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65160
data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt;">It is very successful. The community
group built it entirely themselves on provision of the materials. The
recovery rate is <STRONG>very high</STRONG> – approx. 800kg bamboo <SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt" id=yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65111
data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt;">(adam: dry or wet ??)</SPAN> giving
<STRONG>250kg charcoal</STRONG> and using around 100kg firewood or less.
(adam: 800kg --> 250kg, folllows 100kg --> 31kg)</SPAN>..".</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt"
id=yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65372 lang=EN-US
data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><A id=yui_3_16_0_1_1476168021128_65374
class="cmp_parsed_email mceItemAnchor" shape=rect
rel=nofollow></A>louise.bleach@googlemail.com, </SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"><A class=cmp_parsed_url
href="http://bio-innovation.org/" target=_blank
data-mce-href="http://bio-innovation.org">http://bio-innovation.org</A></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">Cheers</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;">Dr. Chris ADAM<SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"><BR></SPAN>biocoal.org</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px 5px 0px 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px 5px 0px 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-DECORATION: none"
data-mce-style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; text-decoration: none;"></SPAN> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px"
data-mce-style="margin: 0px;">-----Original-Nachricht-----</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;">Betreff: [Stoves]
Charcoal from waste - home cooking or other markets? (Re: Crispin, Anand
Karve)</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;">Datum:
2016-10-04T16:43:48+0200</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;">Von: "Nikhil Desai"
<pienergy2008@gmail.com></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;">An: "Discussion of
biomass cooking stoves" <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"> </P>
<DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr>Moderator: I changed the subject line. This is in response to
Crispin's comment about Anand Karve's work.
<DIV>---------------
<DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Crispin: "<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"
data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;">That is what is so inspiring about AD
Karve?s work on charring waste </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"
data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;">biomass to produce a high quality fuel. He
even produced the extruder and </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"
data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;">the Sarai stove to go with it. That is a
museum quality piece of work - to </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"
data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;">be studied... "<BR></SPAN><BR>I take your
word for it, but I also had this suspicion a few years ago that what Anand
Karve was proposing in terms of converting waste biomass for charcoal was
worth more attention, not primarily as a fuel choice issue but as a waste
management issue. In dry regions such as much of India, leaf and tree waste
along with other open biomass waste is a major problem in municipal waste
management. Why, just driving by Gandhinagar - the capital of Gujarat state
where I lived - a few months ago I saw huge piles of leaf waste in numerous
parks that have been created by the state government to make the city "green".
All those leaves will be burned in the open, contributing to air pollution
(not reported in peer-reviewed literature so it must not exist) that damages
biota health here and now. On the other hand, such burning will release
organic aerosols that supposedly cool the atmosphere, so it is most definitely
"green" for the "global environment" advocates. <BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px" data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;"><BR>Open organic
waste - including leaves, tree debris, food waste - is a huge headache for
local governments. On the other hand, urban trees have multiple benefits
including <A
href="https://www.accessscience.com/content/urban-tree-leaves-remove-fine-particulate-air-pollution/BR0116141"
target=_blank
data-mce-href="https://www.accessscience.com/content/urban-tree-leaves-remove-fine-particulate-air-pollution/BR0116141">air
filtering</A>, favorable changes in ambient temperatures (thus impacting
building energy demand; I did some work for Cinncinnati Gas and Electric
climate options 20+ years ago), and I also happen to like urban forestry,
gardening, food production (if land, water, and air quality so
permit). <BR><BR>A new paradigm of urban/peri-urban biomass production,
utilization, and waste management needs to emerge, and energy analysts have
much to offer. </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"
data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px" data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;">Unless
they leave the field to WHO and EPA. <BR><BR></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px" data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;">The
question is, do Indian customers care to advance to cleaner charcoal or
convenient LPG? <BR><BR>As I mentioned in the previous post, the commercial
potential may not lie in household cooking but in water heating (peri-urban,
rural) and commercial/institutional cooking and heating
(water/space). </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"
data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"
data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;">****<BR><BR>Crispin: "But he is promoting
charcoal consumption - very offensive to some. Shall </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px" data-mce-style="font-size: 12.8px;">we forgive him
too? :)"</SPAN><BR>
<DIV><BR>Asking forgiveness from sinners of cooked science? You must be
joking, Mr. Pemberton-Pigott. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I note your emoticon, but this is no laughing matter. I think it's time
to stop blaming direct use of solid fuels for presumed envionmental
ills.<BR><BR>It's the process that matters. Converting primary solid fuels
into an energy service can be "dirty process" or "clean (or cleaner) process."
<BR><BR>Extending Kirk Smith et al (AREE 2000 on India) to all processes of
solid fuel transformation, not just final combustion, and counting all
emissions, could well show that investments at all steps of the fuel cycle can
deliver small-scale direct use of solid fuels at a lower emission rates than
the "traditional" processes (unprocessed solid fuels with relatively
uncontrolled combustion and no emissions capture or ventilation). </DIV>
<DIV><BR>I will send you and Ron an e-mail about solid fuels and "dirty
fuels"; you decide if it would add rancor or value to this List. I too prefer
gas, electricity, and solar (thermal or soon enough, induction cooking via
PV). There are markets for those. But until the 3 billion people we bleed our
hearts and research funds on get to that nirvana, reducing the PICs and the
drudgery of cooking should be the prime goals of research on solid fuels use.
Banning solid fuels should be limited to some areas and some
users. <BR><BR>
<DIV>Nikhil</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Stoves
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<DIV><BR></DIV>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see
our web site:<BR>http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/<BR>
<DIV><BR></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV></DIV>
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