<html>
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
http-equiv="Content-Type">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
Dear Ron and Crispin, (your two messages are below). Subject
line changed to reflect the content.<br>
<br>
All is in reference to:
<blockquote type="cite">an important stove reporting equation of the
form e3 = e1 / (1- e2). </blockquote>
<br>
I am not great at such equations. But it seems to me that the
letter e is used both as efficiency and as energy.
Whatever. That is not my key point. Rather,<br>
<br>
Both sides have their appropriate strong points. <br>
1. Biomass fuel is consumed, and any remaining charcoal is NOT the
same as the original fuel. So, 100% of the original fuel is gone.
--Crispin is correct about FUEL efficiency.<br>
<br>
2. The charcoal is different from the biomass fuel, but it is still
a viable, usable form of energy that came directly from the original
biomass. So there needs to be some recognition of its ENERGY value.
(If the char has other, non-energy value (such as being good for
filters), and may or may not be eventually consumed as energy, that
is NOT part of this discussion.)<br>
<br>
3. On an ENERGY basis (not fuel basis), only the actual released
energy in the biomass (after subtracting the energy that is still in
the charcoal) should be used to calculate the heat transfer
efficiency of the stove. So the formula (and Ron's second table)
can be considered correct, but it should be perhaps emphasized that
the column heading should be: EE-stove (ENERGY Efficiency of
stove) and is not FE-stove (Fuel efficiency of stove). <br>
<br>
************<br>
I want to pick up on what Crispin wrote:
<blockquote type="cite"><i> Char produced as a co-benefit goes in
the top line, not deducted from the bottom.</i></blockquote>
That realization might have great merit. Can the math-competent
people please do that, and we can see the result. <br>
<br>
Basically it says that ALL of the fuel (in the denominator) is used,
but there are two products in the nominator. I do not know how
to add "Energy captured in the pot" AND "charcoal created (as weight
or volume)". Maybe convert the charcoal into units of energy. And
then add them. And that sum is divided by the energy of the fuel
that is consumed and is no longer in its original biomass form.<br>
<br>
Does this work? Ron, please put another column or two into your
second table and send us the results. <br>
<br>
Another way to look at "efficiency" of fuel and of energy is to
convert everything into monetary amounts.<br>
<br>
$ value of having heated the pot PLUS $ value of the
created char / divided by $ value of the biomass fuel.<br>
<br>
For use in this monetary equation, there can be multiple different
values for each of the 3 variables. <br>
<br>
Extreme values are possible, such as "if the pot does not get hot,
the food is not cooked, and the baby dies" (a very high value for
the heat to the pot.) Also, biomass fuel that is actually
expensive wooden furniture would command a high dollar value. <br>
<br>
On the low side, some biomass fuel could be invasive species that
must be burned, so burning has no cost, and the act of doing the
burning could receive payment. <br>
<br>
But just sticking to common, defendable values, we can find ways to
COMPARE the economic value of using one stove type (that makes char,
for example) with another type that does not. <br>
<br>
This will become increasingly important if and when the world
recognizes special values of charcoal, as in water filters or fo
carbon sequestration (without being biochar into soils) or as
biochar with increased food production (with sequestration as an
added benefit.). <br>
<br>
Stove stuff. I find it interesting.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 1/12/2017 4:52 PM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:YTOPR01MB0235921B77C8DA5567CF2DA5B1790@YTOPR01MB0235.CANPRD01.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered
medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
{mso-style-priority:34;
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:36.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
span.apple-tab-span
{mso-style-name:apple-tab-span;}
span.apple-converted-space
{mso-style-name:apple-converted-space;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1262225016;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:1040720138 269025295 269025305 269025307 269025295 269025305 269025307 269025295 269025305 269025307;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level2
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level3
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level4
{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level5
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level6
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l0:level7
{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level8
{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l0:level9
{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:right;
text-indent:-9.0pt;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear
Ron<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The
problems I have with the equation applied in the WBT are:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The
resulting number is not what it claims to be (the thermal
efficiency). It is also not the energy efficiency, nor the
heat transfer efficiency, nor the % of energy available
from ‘missing fuel’ that was transferred to the pot.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">It
does not report a number that can be used to compare the
fuel efficiency of two or more stoves, its primary
function and specific claim, as applied in UN contracts,
the GACC contracts, as well as the CDM and Gold Standard
methodologies. Relative fuel consumption in those projects
are
<i>all</i> calculated incorrectly.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Producing
char (or not) is not a cooking task and does not enter its
efficiency rating. Anything that interferes with the
energy in the denominator misleads the reader as to the
product’s cooking performance.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The
energy content of recovered char is not the same number as
the energy ‘not used for cooking’. It is a portion of the
‘not used’ number. In short, if the stove made a lot of
small ‘unrecoverable bits of char’ the energy in the
<i>recoverable</i> char is significantly less than the
energy in the residual solids. Subtracting the energy ‘not
released by burning’ from the total energy available in
the fuel fed in, would give a close approximation of the
heat transfer efficiency (the error being partially
combusted gases). But that is not what is happens with the
WBT formula. Only a portion of the energy in the solid
residue is subtracted – the ‘recoverable portion’. Well,
who says what is recoverable and what is not? Opinions
differ. And, after making this subtraction, what is the
proper description of the result of the calculation? It
describes no standard reporting metric of thermal
performance. It is just a number. It is not even a
<i>useful</i> number. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Users
of the WBT have, for years, been led to believe that it
represents the fuel consumption and that comparing the two
‘WBT efficiency’ numbers from two stoves will show the
comparative fuel savings by using the formula<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:108.0pt;text-indent:36.0pt"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">(1-(Stove
1/Stove2))*100%<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The
answer is the fuel saved in % (or increase). The answer is
only correct if the energy in remnant char. Recoverable or
not, is
<i>not </i>subtracted from the denominator.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Using
the WBT ‘thermal efficiency’ numbers, it gives the wrong
answer. The fuel use is under-reported. The reason it gives
the wrong answer is because it makes the calculation
incorrectly. Mathematically, the method employed treats the
recoverable portion of the remnant char as if it is unburned
raw fuel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The
End<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">It
is junk science and always was. It is an error introduced in
1985 by VITA against the objections of Feu do Bois and
Eindhoven University. Upon review in 1991 (Rani et al) it
was rejected as a calculation by the government of India.
Good for them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I
do not care how much people have invested in this WBT test.
It lies. It is fatally flawed. It doesn’t give an answer
people can believe. It has no place at the table. It has to
go. It is cheating people out of their investments in stove
programmes. Everything based on it is fundamentally flawed
– all decisions, all ratings, all money spent and wasted –
and Lord knows there has been enough of that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Ron:
If you want to report something about the char, use
conventional methods and metrics, don’t piggy-back on junk
science from Berkeley. So they made a mistake. Fine. Get
over it. Extending the deception will not help anyone. At
this very moment it is deceiving the UN which is purchasing
10,000 stoves for refugees that will not live up to their
performance ratings – because,
<i>and only because</i>, they were tested using the WBT
4.2.3 and its defective spreadsheet v4.2.4 (Don’t ask me why
the numbers don’t match – it doesn’t matter.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Char
production is a function of the mass in and mass produced,
expressed as a %. It also has an energy content. Fine.
Report it. The downstream uses of char from char-making
stoves do not affect in any way the cooking efficiency which
is a measure of the fuel needed to conduct a cooking
session.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">It
is pointless to try to convince us who are working in the
field and spending other people’s money to report that a
stove using 1.3 kg per of dry fuel cooking cycle uses 650 g
‘because it makes char’. I do not care what type of fuel is
going in – if it takes 1.3 kg per time, then the fuel
consumption will be reported to be 1.3 kg, efficiency
<i>x</i>. If it produces 400 g of char doing so, and you
want to report it, the report can say: dry fuel consumption
is 1.3 kg per replication; char produced 400 g per 1.3 kg of
fuel (31%); cooking efficiency
<i>x</i>. There is no free lunch.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">There
is nothing wrong with reporting the fuel consumption of a
stove. There is nothing wrong with reporting the mass or
energy of char produced. There is a lot wrong with
subtracting any number from the mass of fuel in the
denominator representing the fuel needed to perform the
cooking task. That is called ‘cheating’.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I
have already reported on this list a method for calculating
the performance of a pair of stoves like that produced by Dr
Nurhuda wherein the second uses the char produced by the
first as its input fuel. Any such evaluation can produce the
correct answer for the system efficiency of the pair
<u>only</u> by correctly calculation the performance of the
first stove, which means avoiding the WBT thermal efficiency
formula. This is a matter of science, not opinion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US"> Ronal W. Larson
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 12-Jan-17 17:08<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"><stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org></a>; Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com"><crispinpigott@outlook.com></a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:miata98@gmail.com">miata98@gmail.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] ABCEG deceit and conceit
(Re: Crispin, Andrew) ON THE SIDE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">List, <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">
</span>This exchange below has reminded me that Crispin and
I have not closed the loop on an important stove reporting
equation of the form e3 = e1 / (1- e2). About half way down
in this message, Crispins says about this equation:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
#CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm
6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>The error in the WBT
is to deduct something from the
denominator. This was never correct. The
fuel fed is the fuel fed, not something
less. Char produced as a co-benefit goes
in the top line, not deducted from the
bottom.</i><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">
</span>This is to disagree with Crispin’s “never” - and to
defend the WBT equation. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span> I
will start by suggesting we look at a set of data saying that
stove measurements on five successive days gave these results:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse" class=""
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody class="">
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #bec0bf; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height:
normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><br class="">
</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #bec0bf; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">E1=thermal(%)</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #bec0bf; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">E2=char(
%)</b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 11.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Monday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">30</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">20</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Tuesday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">28</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">23</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 11.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Wednesday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">32</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">17</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 11.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Thursday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">29</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">21</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Friday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">31</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">18</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Ave’s</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">30</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">19.8</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Max
difference</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">4/28 (14%)</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">6/17 (35%)</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br class="">
<div class=""> No-one following this topic would be surprised
if I posited that Crispin would prefer the Wednesday stove
which has 14% more water boiling than the lowest, while I
should prefer Tuesday with 35% more char than his Wednesday
choice.</div>
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>So
what does the equation in dispute say about this matter? This
additional column says that our two choices differ by only
2.2% (and my Tuesday choice is the “loser”)</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse" class=""
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody class="">
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #bec0bf; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; font-size: 12px; line-height:
normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><br class="">
</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #bec0bf; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">E1=thermal(%)</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #bec0bf; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">E2=char(
%)</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #bec0bf; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Estove=E1/(1-E2)</b></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 11.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Monday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">30</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">20</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">37.5</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Tuesday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">28</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">23</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">36.4</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 11.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Wednesday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">32</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">17</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">38.6</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 11.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Thursday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">29</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">21</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 11.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">36.7</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Friday</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">31</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">18</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 1.0px 2.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">37.8</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 88.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px 2.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Ave’s</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">30</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">19.8</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 2.0px 2.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">37.4</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px;
background-color: #dcdcdc; border-style: solid;
border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; border-color:
#000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; padding: 4.0px 4.0px
4.0px 4.0px" class="" valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000"><b class="">Max
difference</b></font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">4/28 (14%)</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">6/17 (35%)</font></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 89.0px; height: 12.0px; border-style:
solid; border-width: 2.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px;
border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000;
padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px" class=""
valign="top">
<div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><font
style="font-size: 10px; line-height: normal;
-webkit-font-kerning: none;
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""
face="Helvetica" color="#000000">2.2/36.4 (6%)</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The
important point (which I have so far hidden in this
hypothetical example) is that these are not different stoves.
These are posited results all for the same stove. The
differences are caused by having different operators,
different types of fuel, moisture content, , etc. Multiple
tests are needed (and are being undertaken) to be able to
report a more accurate answer.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">
</span>The subtraction of E2 in the denominator is NOT
leading up to a statement about charcoal production
efficiency. It is the exact opposite. The denominator
after subtraction is the amount of energy available for
boiling water. The resultant answer (about 37.5%,
within about 1 %) is the efficiency of the stove if no
char had been produced.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">
</span>So I am fully happy with using this equation, as
long as there is no intent to make and keep produced
char. It is NOT an incorrect equation. But it is
meaningless if one is intentionally trying to produce
char. Crispin and I agree on this.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Ron<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<br>
</body>
</html>