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Nikhil you are on the right page and path. </div>
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The source apportionment ędone by Prof Lodoysamba is in the AMHIB report (WB). </div>
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Windblown dust from the Gobi Desert is important, as is ash from the ponds next to the power stations. The latter can be managed. </div>
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Vehicle dust and construction is large and major. Many cars are very old and polluting. Fortunately all the coal is very low sulphur. 0.2% mostly. They are lucky. </div>
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Cooling tower steam, the favourite photo of climate alarm, is the most important GHG (which is sort of fair if they call it 'pollution') can be seen around all the power plants. But the PM in the city is not impacted severely at all by the CHP plants. </div>
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Lodoysamba said stoves and home boilers are now 45% of the city air pollution. Most of the rest is vehicles. Of that 45% a great proportion is the unmodified low pressure boilers. I hope to influence that within a few months. There is no reason not to adopt
better designs and carry on. </div>
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Adapt and adopt. </div>
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Regards </div>
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Crispin </div>
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<div dir="ltr">Crispin: <br>
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We are not in disagreement at all. You and I just have different time frames in mind. (I went to UB in 1998 summer, before the CHP was rehabilitated and new units added. <br>
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BTW, it is not that some units emit "nothing". They do emit steam - the most important GHG! - and small amounts of acidic gases and fine particulates. <br>
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A source apportionment study was done for UB by Sarath Guttikunda,maybe 10 or more years ago?
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<div>Dust and auto emissions are probably more serious sources now, if ger emissions are coming under control. I looked into small boilers and aimak CHPs/diesels around ten years ago, but didn't go there. <br>
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<div>Nikhil</div>
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<span style="font-size:12.8px">Message: 14</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2017 08:24:42 +0000</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">From: Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <</span><a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" style="font-size:12.8px">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a><span style="font-size:12.8px">></span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px"> <</span><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" style="font-size:12.8px">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.<wbr>org</a><span style="font-size:12.8px">></span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Subject: Re: [Stoves] News 24 Jan 2017: Joint Research on air</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px"> pollution of Mongolia</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Message-ID:</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px"> <</span><a href="mailto:YTOPR01MB02354E050D36F6B638A985BFB1760@YTOPR01MB0235.CANPRD01.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM" style="font-size:12.8px">YTOPR01MB02354E050D36F6B638A9<wbr>85BFB1760@YTOPR01MB0235.<wbr>CANPRD01.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM</a><span style="font-size:12.8px">></span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
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<span style="font-size:12.8px">Dear Everyone</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">>True, "Air pollution represents a major threat to public health in Ulaanbaatar, and reductions in home heating emissions should be the primary focus of future air pollution control efforts". But that is because the central heat
and power plant's emissions have been reduced dramatically.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">I beg to differ. The combined heat and power (CHP) plants are 4 in number. Station 1 closed long ago.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Station 2 was converted to a coal semi-coking plant several years ago.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Station 3 is 156 MW and is not a major source of PM emissions in the city.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Station 4 is 540 MW and has a 250m tall chimney which emits into the air stream passing over the city?s inversion layer. There is virtually nothing from No.4 reaching the city?s air.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Station 5 has just been approved and emits nothing.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">During peak demand in summer for air conditioning and so on, the PM2.5 level in the city is 12-15 microgrammes per cubic metre proving that once space heating is removed, there is nothing from the power stations.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">There are several majors sources:</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Vehicles</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Fugitive dust from the Gobi and</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Power station ash dumps,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Street dust</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Low pressure boilers</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">High pressure boilers such as apartment buildings</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Domestic stoves</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Domestic stoves were the largest contributor. They have dropped in importance. Now it is low pressure boilers. I hear that two new models designed by the Stove Development Centre (actual product development!) will be introduced
to the market this year. The SDC is attached to the SEET Lab and headed by the Mongolian University of Science and Technology and the Energy Research Centre (Min of Energy).</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Regards</span><br style="font-size:12.8px">
<span style="font-size:12.8px">Crispin </span>
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