<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Dr. Bond, cc List and Dr. Chiang</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>1. Because I know you are looking for engineering precedence on the main equation in our dialog, I should have provided the cites for the two books I mentioned in last night’s response, when I said:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div class=""><div class=""><b class=""><i class=""> ‘As I searched (more coming on the search) I found two (Google- free) boiler books from around 1910 that have this equation. "</i></b></div></div></div></blockquote></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>My search was for “subtract efficiency efficiencies denominator"</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">They are: </div><div class=""><div class="">a. On 3 pages as a part of a USGS annual document from 1907. One can move around beyond the 3 pages that show up, without downloading the whole several hundred pages. My search was for “denominator”; one seems to be able to search for other terms:</div><div class=""> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tTRGAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA137&lpg=RA1-PA137&dq=subtract+efficiency+efficiencies+denominator&source=bl&ots=5C3AgUSOP-&sig=440wVsdeLXYIxMvjrMRPHBSnklw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisqa3At4_SAhVolFQKHeapC5Y4ChDoAQghMAI#v=onepage&q= denominator&f=false" class="">https://books.google.com/books?id=tTRGAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA137&lpg=RA1-PA137&dq=subtract+efficiency+efficiencies+denominator&source=bl&ots=5C3AgUSOP-&sig=440wVsdeLXYIxMvjrMRPHBSnklw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisqa3At4_SAhVolFQKHeapC5Y4ChDoAQghMAI#v=onepage&q=%20denominator&f=false</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">b. A book from 1915 <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.869px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Engineering Thermodynamics </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.9557px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">By James Ambrose Moyer, James Park Calderwood </span>Again a page with the idea of subtraction shows up</div><div class=""> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fElDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=subtract+efficiency+efficiencies+denominator&source=bl&ots=A-tYLgv0zK&sig=ue-L88klNbAhsYOk4bqaJELW0IA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisqa3At4_SAhVolFQKHeapC5Y4ChDoAQg1MAk#v=onepage&q=subtract efficiency efficiencies denominator&f=false" class="">https://books.google.com/books?id=fElDAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=subtract+efficiency+efficiencies+denominator&source=bl&ots=A-tYLgv0zK&sig=ue-L88klNbAhsYOk4bqaJELW0IA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisqa3At4_SAhVolFQKHeapC5Y4ChDoAQg1MAk#v=onepage&q=subtract%20efficiency%20efficiencies%20denominator&f=false</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>My problem with these two is that I think you are looking for examples from other fields. I have no doubt there are dozens of other books using this equation in the succeeding century.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>2. Not mentioned last night, but I also found these: </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class="">a. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15109753" class="">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15109753</a> on wheel chair efficiencies (2004), where the title says: </div><h1 class="articleTitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 24px; line-height: normal; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mechanical efficiency during hand–rim wheelchair propulsion: effects of base-line subtraction and power output</h1><div class=""> I didn’t choose to pay to buy this one, but there is a (small?) chance it might have what we are looking for, given the word “subtraction”.. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">b). Again, not willing to buy a book, but the idea of subtraction in the denominator seems to be present in the signal processing world</div><div class=""><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6invBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA224&lpg=PA224&dq=subtract+efficiency+efficiencies+denominator&source=bl&ots=HYgiFLLTi6&sig=uJxsCjDgj21PNaHdwfG45HRlKZc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisqa3At4_SAhVolFQKHeapC5Y4ChDoAQgfMAE#v=onepage&q=subtract efficiency efficiencies denominator&f=false" class="">https://books.google.com/books?id=6invBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA224&lpg=PA224&dq=subtract+efficiency+efficiencies+denominator&source=bl&ots=HYgiFLLTi6&sig=uJxsCjDgj21PNaHdwfG45HRlKZc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisqa3At4_SAhVolFQKHeapC5Y4ChDoAQgfMAE#v=onepage&q=subtract%20efficiency%20efficiencies%20denominator&f=false</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">c. Also an expensive text (<span style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><font color="#333333" face="Arial, sans-serif" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">Exergy</span><span style="font-size: 11.869px;" class="">: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development; </span></font></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.9557px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">By Ibrahim Dincer, Marc A. Rosen)</span></div><div class=""><div class="">where there is a subtraction in the denominator (p 253); the University of Illinois may still be a main resource on Exergy (with an x - not Energy)</div><div class=""> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FrUolHxhGVYC&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=subtract+efficiency+efficiencies+denominator&source=bl&ots=9Iml913d48&sig=vYovGRUnGhhhl1HrmwqR15xKghc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisqa3At4_SAhVolFQKHeapC5Y4ChDoAQgxMAg#v=onepage&q=subtract efficiency efficiencies denominator&f=false" class="">https://books.google.com/books?id=FrUolHxhGVYC&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=subtract+efficiency+efficiencies+denominator&source=bl&ots=9Iml913d48&sig=vYovGRUnGhhhl1HrmwqR15xKghc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisqa3At4_SAhVolFQKHeapC5Y4ChDoAQgxMAg#v=onepage&q=subtract%20efficiency%20efficiencies%20denominator&f=false</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">3. I also found some possible benefit on talk on the differences between “efficiency” and “effectiveness” - with at least one author claiming the latter is to be preferred. Maybe the “denominator equation” is effectiveness. I do support the concept that it is accurately saying what the efficiency would have been without char. I believe the actual inefficiency giving what I have called e1 and e2 is NOT as bad as this equation implies for the no-char case. Stated alternatively, a char-making stove is <u class=""><b class="">inherently</b></u> less wasteful than the no-char case.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">So, Tami, I am not yet happy with any of these. I am looking to justify the use of the “denominator equation” in a slightly different manner (still using the “denominator equation” - but maybe this above will help a tad). And possibly the above will bring others into this WBA search/justification topic for Tier allocation.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Again thanks for putting so much time into this.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Ron</div><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Feb 14, 2017, at 11:52 PM, Ronal W. Larson <<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" class="">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Drs. Chiang and Bond, cc List</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I have had a lousy day ridding my computer of a virus Among other things, I could not download this until a few hours ago: <a href="http://www.pciaonline.org/files/ISO-IWA-Cookstoves.pdf" class="">http://www.pciaonline.org/files/ISO-IWA-Cookstoves.pdf</a>. </div></div></div></blockquote><br class=""></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><snip the rest to save bandwidth></div><br class=""></body></html>