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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">“Specific Fuel Consumption”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">This is calculated by the WBT by turning a rough calculation of the energy released from the fuel into a theoretical mass equivalent of dry fuel
of the type used in the test, the dividing it by an adjusted mass of water remaining at the end of the test segment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">That is not the fuel consumption by any standard definition. Note that the WBT 4.2.3 spreadsheet and the WBT 4.2.3 PEMS spreadsheet perform the calculation
differently because the latter contains one less conceptual error.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Any standard definition of fuel consumption refers to the quantity of fuel needed to complete a task, not to the amount of energy released from that
consumed fuel which will vary from stove to stove, or even the same stove under different conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Feb 20, 2017, at 9:50 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">>From the Abstract: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">“</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Testing procedure is followed as per the world standard testing
protocol WBT 4.2.3 to evaluate the performance of these stoves and analysed in terms of efficiency and specific fuel consumption."</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</div>
</blockquote>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Crispin writes:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The WBT 4.2.3 is seriously deficient when it comes to the efficiency and fuel consumption (the latter being calculated from the former).</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Frank writes:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I agree it is seriously deficient but easily corrected.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Efficiency problems in calculations of the stove using WBT can be easily corrected using Energy in the volatile fraction as total energy IN. This method for the purpose of comparing stoves from Fuel to completed task (in this case Water
Boiling). <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Specific Fuel Consumption is calculated based on the percent weight loss from volatile fraction in the fuel chosen. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">So whatever biomass is chosen you determine the 1) volatile fraction 2) energy in that fraction and 3) energy used to complete the task.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> When you use a specific biomass for fuel (like Oak, pine, pile located in such and such camp, typical fuel in mountains in India etc.) you determine the percent of the biomass that is volatile (dry basis) and the energy in the volatile
fraction. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">When reporting biomass used you report three values: 1) Name/type of fuel 2) percent volatiles 3) energy in the volatile fraction. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>As for Char making</b>: The inverse of the volatile fraction is the Fixed fraction. This determined DAF basis. Comparing stoves for char making you need: 1) weight of fixed fraction (DAF) for total Char IN and recovered weight char (DAF)
OUT.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I think the WBT can be easily modified to work very well and should be used as a blueprint for testing different tasks. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Regards<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Frank<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">There is no world standard testing protocol. The WBT 4.2.3 is seriously deficient when it comes to the efficiency and fuel consumption
(the latter being calculated from the former).</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">My advice to the authors is to use test methods that have passed review by experts, any method, rather than one which has been so severely
criticised in multiple published works for these very metrics.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">This discussion list has been most valuable for bringing these matters to light. </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Regards </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Crispin</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">It would be useful for someone in Chennai to connect with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Duraisamy<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> Sakthivadivel<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>to
see how this group at Guindy Campus, Anna University might help move fan stove development and use forward. As background, in 2013 professor P Raman and his group published an<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span>“<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Evaluation
of Domestic Cookstove Technologies Implemented across the World to Identify Possible Options for Clean and Efficient Cooking Solutions”.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://bit.ly/2l0uDF1"><span style="color:purple">http://bit.ly/2l0uDF1</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">In addition to the paper I previously mentioned they recently (Feb 14, 2017) published:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="default" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“Development of Advanced Cook Stove with Optimum Air Mixture using CFD”</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Sakthivadivel D.<a href="http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ajrssh&volume=7&issue=2&article=032#aff001"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">*</span></a>, Balakumar A., Iniyan S.</span><a name="aff001"></a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Online published on 14 February, 2017.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="default" style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Abstract</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The drastic hype in fuel consumption and oil price hike in world market, people around the world intended to move towards the alternative source of
energy like biomass for cooking. Many cook stove programmes were implemented in the world aiming to reduce the fuel consumption as well as pollutants through improved biomass cook stoves. Many improved cook stoves have the maximum efficiency with higher level
of fuel consumption due to its higher burning rate. In this paper an attempt has been made to improve the thermal efficiency by reducing heat losses mean time in reduced specific fuel consumption. The pollutants emitted by the improved stove is extremely reduced
by proper supply of air for combustion. Since advanced cook stove is made to operate at different geographical region, should be harmonious to the use of different fuels. The newly developed ACS IES-15 stove is tested with coconut shell and the result is compared
with existing (TERI SPT-0610) stove commercially available in the market at higher thermal efficiency (37%). Testing procedure is followed as per the world standard testing protocol WBT 4.2.3 to evaluate the performance of these stoves and analysed in terms
of efficiency and specific fuel consumption.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><a name="top"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:top"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities<br>
Year : 2017, Volume : 7, Issue : 2<br>
First page : ( 384) Last page : ( 392)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
Online ISSN : 2249-7315.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
Article DOI :<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2017.00097.1" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">10.5958/2249-7315.2017.00097.1</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">They are also developing PV microgrids for household energy. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Tom</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailEndCompose"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Stoves
[<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"><span style="color:purple">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Paul Anderson<br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, February 20, 2017 6:51 AM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"><span style="color:purple">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>SPAM: Re: [Stoves] Combustion characteristics of biomass fuels in a fixed bed micro-gasifier cook stove</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">Stovers,<br>
<br>
With thanks to Tom Miles. He sent<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">This was a prior (2015) paper by the same author as the recent citation from Anna University in Chennai.<o:p></o:p></p>
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</blockquote>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white"><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283092306_Experimental_evaluation_of_a_forced_draft_micro_gasifier_cook_stove_using_juliflora_wood_and_coconut_shell"><span style="color:purple">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283092306_Experimental_evaluation_of_a_forced_draft_micro_gasifier_cook_stove_using_juliflora_wood_and_coconut_shell</span></a><br>
<br>
Key from that publication is the list of 3 stoves tested: Oorja, TERI SPT-0610, and Eco Chulha (by Abellon). You can search the internet for each and see photos and info. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<br>
What they all have in common is FA (forced air or fan assisted). In basic TLUD configuration (or some fan-jet approach?). Especially the Oorja encourages the "char-mode" after any migratory pyrolytic front (MFP) has finished. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<br>
The "char mode" is KNOWN to burn out the guts of these stoves, but these stoves are still in use and are reserched with respectable budgets and probably awarding of academic degrees.<br>
<br>
I suspect that few such researchers read the Stoves Listserv. Sort of like reinventing a wheel that is not round.<br>
<br>
No further comments at this time. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<pre style="background:white">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre style="background:white">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><span style="color:purple">psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre style="background:white">Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre style="background:white">Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/"><span style="color:purple">www.drtlud.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></pre>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">On 2/19/2017 7:36 AM, Paul Anderson wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">Tom and Stovers,<br>
<br>
Thanks for that reference and abstract.<br>
<br>
I am not going to pay about US$40 to read it, but when someone does, please send comments to the Stoves Listserv. I am particularly interested in the<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">The two mode operations of combustion processes namely flaming and char mode of the fuels were also studied.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white">"Char mode". Interesting. Burning char in a TLUD is not good practice for cooking, but maybe the laboratory scientists want to learn about something that is sub-optimal for cooking and shortens
the life of the stove. This is all too common in the "peer reviewed" publications: Out of touch with the real-world applications of micro-gasifiers.<br>
<br>
But maybe it is not a TLUD???? "fixed bed micro-gasifier stove" might be something else? Or do the researchers choose to ignore body of literature with TLUD mentioned?? The list of references (seen at the provided link) certainly avoid any document
with TLUD in its name, but did include the first edition (2011) of Christa Roth's major book.<br>
<br>
Paul<o:p></o:p></p>
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<pre style="background:white">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre style="background:white">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><span style="color:purple">psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre style="background:white">Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre style="background:white">Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/"><span style="color:purple">www.drtlud.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></pre>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white">On 2/18/2017 10:53 PM, Tom Miles wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">This is just the abstract but how do these results compare with tests of similar stoves? How would other, or additional, tests that have been mentioned in the last few months change the results or
use of the data? </span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Combustion characteristics of biomass fuels in a fixed bed micro-gasifier cook stove</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Sakthivadivel, D. & Iniyan, S. J Mech Sci Technol (2017) 31: 995. doi:10.1007/s12206-017-0152-y</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12206-017-0152-y"><span style="color:purple">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12206-017-0152-y</span></a></span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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