<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
span.hoenzb
{mso-style-name:hoenzb;}
span.m-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span
{mso-style-name:m_-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Julien,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Rice straw has similar abrasive characteristics. That’s why the wilt, wet press and dry may be a better method. Rice straw also has just the right ratio of Si to K to fuse and melt at low temperatures (740C). Rinsing improves this by removing some of the soluble K. IT might best be combined with other fuels if available. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p><span style='mso-bookmark:_MailEndCompose'></span><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Julien Winter<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, March 06, 2017 7:03 PM<br><b>To:</b> Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <crispinpigott@outlook.com><br><b>Cc:</b> Paul Olivier <paul.olivier@esrla.com>; Mahbubul Islam <mailccdb@gmail.com>; Michael Hayes <voglerlake@gmail.com>; Richard Stanley <rstanley@legacyfound.org>; Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br><b>Subject:</b> SPAM: Re: [Stoves] The Akha TLUD - Biochar Project in Bangladesh.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Hi All;<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Screw presses for rice hulls are broadly distributed throughout Bangladesh, although the briquettes don't make up a large part of the total fuel supply. There is a short video of one here:<br><a href="https://youtu.be/7mkr1k5EHZk">https://youtu.be/7mkr1k5EHZk</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>The rice hulls are heated to about 250 to 300 °C to soften lignin as a binder. This also partially torrifies the hulls.<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>The resulting briquette is about 10 cm in diameter and 100 cm long, with a 2 cm diameter hole up the middle. Broken into large pieces of 1-3 cm size, they burn in a ND-TLUD. They burn a little like coal, and they do make "biochar" (there is a picture here: <a href="http://www.biochar-bangladesh.org/">http://www.biochar-bangladesh.org/</a>)<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>The screw that compresses the hulls last about 20 hours, before they become too worn down by abrasion from silica in the hulls. However, they are easily reconditioned by local welders who rebuild the threads with hard steel alloy welding rod.<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>The question is, what can be done with all that rice straw?<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>Julien.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 9:28 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Dear Friends</span><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>I put the question about the rice hull pellets to Dr Yuguang Zhou. He says the equipment is damaged continuously by the silica in the rice hull. It is much better used as a gasifier feedstock. The gasification rate is about 95% and the ash can be returned directly to the field as it has a high bioavailability.</span><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Regards<span style='color:#888888'><br><span class=hoenzb>Crispin</span></span></span><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span></b><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>Julien: cc list and others<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span class=m-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span><span lang=EN-CA> </span></span><span lang=EN-CA>Nice work. Thanks for your involvement.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span class=m-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span><span lang=EN-CA> </span></span><span lang=EN-CA>There may be an opportunity to use ocean biomass for your cook stoves. Michael Hayes (cc’d) has a long analytical history on combining ocean biomass and biochar. Bangladesh could be the ideal lead country in this aspect of shortages for both biomass stoves and biochar.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span class=m-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span><span lang=EN-CA> </span></span><span lang=EN-CA>See few inserts below.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>On Mar 6, 2017, at 9:49 AM, Julien Winter <<a href="mailto:winter.julien@gmail.com" target="_blank">winter.julien@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA>Hi Folks;<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA>Thanks for all your comments.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA>Bangladesh has some challenges with its population density, and pending sea-level rise. <br><br>However, it is great place for making collegial partnerships. People tend to work and cooperate together much more than they do in North America. This applies to the university educated professionals in the cities, and farmers in the countryside. If you have a GOOD IDEA, people are please to listen, and get involved. There are leading farmers who are eager to experiment with biochar. If you want to help them adapt and develop it, great. You do have to be on guard for unscrupulous business people.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>What does exist in the countryside is something called "NGO fatigue." Outside people coming in with an ill suited idea that they try to impose. Then they go away. Villagers see what they can get for free from foreign NGOs, so you may be greeted with enthusiasm, but you may not be taken seriously. <br> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA>I am fortunate, because a local NGO, called the Christian Commission for Development in Bangladesh (CCDB), took an early interest in biochar, and invited me to explain it in 2013. Out of that was born the Bangladesh Biochar Initiative. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA>CCDB was founded in 1972, and has a network of compounds ("campuses") across the country. They have a very competent staff specializing in extension education, micro businesses, and rural development. I helped one of their staff, Mahbubul Islam, design the Akha stove, we developed the TLUD-biochar ecology viewpoint, and proposed the Users Groups methodology for deployment. When CCDB got funding from ICCO - Netherlands, CCDB staff made it happen. They knew precisely what to do. Research partnerships are being formed with agronomists in universities to experiment with biochar.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA>Because of my place in time, it happened to be me that introduced the idea of TLUDs and biochar to Bangladesh. However, as the ideas take root, they are taking over. They have big dreams for developing biochar technologies. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>At this point, we need to look into densifying biomass. Methods of various degrees of sophistication could be found. Compressing wet biomass into briquettes is likely a good fit for the countryside. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></blockquote><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span class=m-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span><span lang=EN-CA> </span></span><b><span lang=EN-CA>[RWL: A few years ago I experimented with hand-compression of wet soggy material into a “turdlike” shape, at the end an Aprovecho event. Art Donnelly (being cc’d) reported they pyrolyzed well. All the Bangladeshi stove users (or husbands) need is a pail; no need for a press - which I felt was slower. I found starting each “turd” with the left hand and finishing with the right hand - allowed quite a few each minute. I got into a rhythm (can’t now describe it) and recall that handling each large “pellet” twice seemed to get a more dense final product.</span></b><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span class=m-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span><b><span lang=EN-CA> </span></b></span><b><span lang=EN-CA>I hope Richard Stanley (c’d - on this list from the beginning) can chime in. Much knowledge on how to get the biomass ready for compression.</span></b><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>We should see if it is feasible to developing pellets as a renewable, commercial fuel. There is lots of rice straw. Rice straw has been pelleted in other parts of Asia. I am searching the research literature to see if the high mineral content (ca. 20%) has posed a problem for abrasion of equipment, lower heating value, and ash in the stove.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></blockquote><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span class=m-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span><span lang=EN-CA> </span></span><b><span lang=EN-CA>RWL: I am cc’ing Paul Olivier who I believe should have had considerable abrasion experience in Viet Nam on both rice straw and rice husks (with TLUDs).</span></b><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>Co-firing leaves and wood in TLUDs may extend the TLUD season. The Biochar Users Groups should experiment with that. I expect that the leaves will burn to ash before the center of wood pieces has pyrolyzed.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span class=m-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span><span lang=EN-CA> </span></span><b><span lang=EN-CA>[RWL: I’ll bet the other way. Groups all over the world can (and should) do this experiment (if the data is not already available). Anyone have it?</span></b><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-CA>Ron</span></b><span lang=EN-CA><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA>Thanks again for all your comments.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>Julien.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA><br clear=all><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA><br>-- <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA>Julien Winter<br>Cobourg, ON, CANADA<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-CA>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br clear=all><br>-- <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Julien Winter<br>Cobourg, ON, CANADA<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>