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    Julien and all,<br>
    <br>
    If you want the pressed biomass to be of appropriate size for use in
    TLUD stoves, consider this:<br>
    <br>
    As the extruded "log" exits the press, they are hot and can be
    broken off into short lengths, similiar to hockey pucks.   Do this
    by hitting them when at the desired length.   You might need to
    change the length of the noozle or "tray" where the logs exit the
    machine.  If that works and gives a desired result in the TLUD, the
    hitting can be mechanized very easily.<br>
    <br>
    Paul<br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype:   paultlud    Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 3/6/2017 9:03 PM, Julien Winter
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CALv4xTzX+WgAeT2PGnD=dY3wOvDD9uNx2F3_qJwCnc8dvqCQJQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
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                    <div>Hi All;<br>
                      <br>
                    </div>
                    Screw presses for rice hulls are broadly distributed
                    throughout Bangladesh, although the briquettes don't
                    make up a large part of the total fuel supply. 
                    There is a short video of one here:<br>
                    <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                      href="https://youtu.be/7mkr1k5EHZk">https://youtu.be/7mkr1k5EHZk</a><br>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                  The rice hulls are heated to about 250 to 300 °C to
                  soften lignin as a binder.  This also partially
                  torrifies the hulls.<br>
                  <br>
                </div>
                The resulting briquette is about 10 cm in diameter and
                100 cm long, with a 2 cm diameter hole up the middle. 
                Broken into large pieces of 1-3 cm size, they burn in a
                ND-TLUD.  They burn a little like coal, and they do make
                "biochar"  (there is a picture here: <a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="http://www.biochar-bangladesh.org/">http://www.biochar-bangladesh.org/</a>)<br>
                <br>
              </div>
              The screw that compresses the hulls last about 20 hours,
              before they become too worn down by abrasion from silica
              in the hulls.  However, they are easily reconditioned by
              local welders who rebuild the threads with hard steel
              alloy welding rod.<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            The question is, what can be done with all that rice straw?<br>
            <br>
          </div>
          Cheers,<br>
        </div>
        Julien.<br>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Mar 6, 2017 at 9:28 PM, Crispin
          Pemberton-Pigott <span dir="ltr"><<a
              moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>></span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="EN-CA">
              <div class="m_-8852561828703860863WordSection1">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Dear
                    Friends</span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I
                    put the question about the rice hull pellets to Dr
                    Yuguang Zhou. He says the equipment is damaged
                    continuously by the silica in the rice hull. It is
                    much better used as a gasifier feedstock. The
                    gasification rate is about 95% and the ash can be
                    returned directly to the field as it has a high
                    bioavailability.</span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                    style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Regards<span
                      class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br>
                        Crispin</font></span></span></p>
                <div>
                  <div class="h5">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
                          lang="EN-US"> </span></b></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></p>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">Julien:  cc list and others</p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          class="m_-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span">           
                        </span>Nice work.  Thanks for your involvement.</p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          class="m_-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span">           
                        </span>There may be an opportunity to use ocean
                        biomass for your cook stoves.  Michael Hayes
                        (cc’d) has a long analytical history on
                        combining ocean biomass and biochar.  Bangladesh
                        could be the ideal lead country in this aspect
                        of shortages for both biomass stoves and
                        biochar.</p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          class="m_-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span">           
                        </span>See few inserts below.</p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    <div>
                      <blockquote
                        style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">On Mar 6, 2017, at 9:49
                            AM, Julien Winter <<a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:winter.julien@gmail.com"
                              target="_blank">winter.julien@gmail.com</a>>
                            wrote:</p>
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Hi
                                    Folks;</p>
                                </div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Thanks
                                  for all your comments.</p>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Bangladesh
                                has some challenges with its population
                                density, and pending sea-level rise. 
                                <br>
                                <br>
                                However, it is great place for making
                                collegial partnerships.  People tend to
                                work and cooperate together much more
                                than they do in North America.  This
                                applies to the university educated
                                professionals in the cities, and farmers
                                in the countryside.  If you have a GOOD
                                IDEA, people are please to listen, and
                                get involved.  There are leading farmers
                                who are eager to experiment with
                                biochar.  If you want to help them adapt
                                and develop it, great.  You do have to
                                be on guard for unscrupulous business
                                people.</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">What does exist in
                                the countryside is something called "NGO
                                fatigue."   Outside people coming in
                                with an ill suited idea that they try to
                                impose.  Then they go away.  Villagers
                                see what they can get for free from
                                foreign NGOs, so you may be greeted with
                                enthusiasm, but you may not be taken
                                seriously.  <br>
                                 </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">I am
                                fortunate, because a local NGO, called
                                the Christian Commission for Development
                                in Bangladesh (CCDB), took an early
                                interest in biochar, and invited me to
                                explain it in 2013.  Out of that was
                                born the Bangladesh Biochar Initiative.
                                   </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">CCDB was
                                founded in 1972, and has a network of
                                compounds ("campuses") across the
                                country.  They have a very competent
                                staff specializing in extension
                                education, micro businesses, and rural
                                development.  I helped one of their
                                staff, Mahbubul Islam, design the Akha
                                stove, we developed the TLUD-biochar
                                ecology viewpoint, and proposed the
                                Users Groups methodology for
                                deployment.  When CCDB got funding from
                                ICCO - Netherlands, CCDB staff made it
                                happen.  They knew precisely what to
                                do.  Research partnerships are being
                                formed with agronomists in universities
                                to experiment with biochar.</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Because of
                                my place in time, it happened to be me
                                that introduced the idea of TLUDs and
                                biochar to Bangladesh.  However, as the
                                ideas take root, they are taking over. 
                                They have big dreams for developing
                                biochar technologies.  </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">At this point, we
                                need to look into densifying biomass. 
                                Methods of various degrees of
                                sophistication could be found. 
                                Compressing wet biomass into briquettes
                                is likely a good fit for the
                                countryside. 
                              </p>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            class="m_-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span">           
                          </span><b>[RWL:  A few years ago I
                            experimented with hand-compression of wet
                            soggy material into a “turdlike” shape, at
                            the end an Aprovecho event.  Art Donnelly
                            (being cc’d) reported they pyrolyzed well. 
                            All the Bangladeshi stove users (or
                            husbands) need is a pail;  no need for a
                            press - which I felt was slower.  I found
                            starting each “turd” with the left hand and
                            finishing with the right hand - allowed
                            quite a few each minute.  I got into a
                            rhythm (can’t now describe it) and recall
                            that handling each large “pellet” twice
                            seemed to get a more dense final product.</b></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            class="m_-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span"><b>           
                            </b></span><b>I hope Richard Stanley (c’d -
                            on this list from the beginning) can chime
                            in.  Much knowledge on how to get the
                            biomass ready for compression.</b></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote
                        style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">We should see if it
                                is feasible to developing pellets as a
                                renewable, commercial fuel.  There is
                                lots of rice straw.  Rice straw has been
                                pelleted in other parts of Asia.  I am
                                searching the research literature to see
                                if the high mineral content (ca. 20%)
                                has posed a problem for abrasion of
                                equipment, lower heating value, and ash
                                in the stove.</p>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            class="m_-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span">           
                          </span><b>RWL:  I am cc’ing Paul Olivier who I
                            believe should have had considerable
                            abrasion experience in Viet Nam on both rice
                            straw and rice husks (with TLUDs).</b></p>
                      </div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
                        <br>
                      </p>
                      <blockquote
                        style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">Co-firing leaves and
                                wood in TLUDs may extend the TLUD
                                season.  The Biochar Users Groups should
                                experiment with that.  I expect that the
                                leaves will burn to ash before the
                                center of wood pieces has pyrolyzed.</p>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          class="m_-8852561828703860863apple-tab-span">           
                        </span><b>[RWL:   I’ll bet the other way. 
                          Groups all over the world can (and should) do
                          this experiment (if the data is not
                          already available).  Anyone have it?</b></p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Ron</b></p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><b><br>
                          <br>
                        </b></p>
                      <blockquote
                        style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Thanks
                                again for all your comments.</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">Cheers,</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">Julien.</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"> </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><br clear="all">
                              </p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
                                              -- </p>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Julien
                                                          Winter<br>
                                                          Cobourg, ON,
                                                          CANADA</p>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                            style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
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                              target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.<wbr>org/</a></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                    </div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
        <br clear="all">
        <br>
        -- <br>
        <div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div>
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div>
                  <div dir="ltr">Julien Winter<br>
                    Cobourg, ON, CANADA<br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <br>
      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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