<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="EN-CA" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Rebecca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">You are seeing the condensation of water vapour produced by burning the H in the CxHy which is kerosene.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Kerosene (paraffin) is about C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>20</sub> to C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>42</sub>, with a typical average of C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>34</sub>.
The H number is (C number x 2 + 2). To H’s make a water molecule when burned with 1 Oxygen atom.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">So burning one molecule of mid range kerosene creates 16 CO<sub>2</sub> and 17 H<sub>2</sub>O.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The colt water in the pot condenses the water vapour (at least for a while this happens). I don’t think there is any water in your kerosene. They
are immiscible (don’t mix). The water would sit on the bottom in a silvery bubble.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I think if you shake it very hard it might make a brownish foamy mess but the water will settle again.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Wood contains a great deal of Hydrogen that turns into water vapour, plus of course the fuel moisture. Both can condense on a cold pot.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Rebecca A. Vermeer<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 17-Mar-17 12:50<br>
<b>To:</b> DISCUSSION OF BIOMASS COOKING STOVES <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Kenya: To use or not to use fuelwood?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Philip tells of an ethanol stove and fuel that had such high water content that it condensed on the bottom of the pot. It dripped on the fire and extinguished it!
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Yes, test first. Never assume anything.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Thanks, Crispin for sharing Philip's experience with water adulterated ethanol. I had a similar experience with water adulterated kerosene which I used as fire
starter in my stainless steel TLUD stove You provided the answer to a perplexing result of a cooking performance test. See the video below:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">WATER IN KEROSENE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://youtu.be/SftieyN4DNw">https://youtu.be/SftieyN4DNw</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Rebecca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">
<hr size="3" width="100%" align="center" id="zwchr">
</span></div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">"Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>><br>
<b>To: </b>"DISCUSSION OF BIOMASS COOKING STOVES" <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent: </b>Sunday, March 12, 2017 6:23:56 PM<br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Stoves] Kenya: To use or not to use fuelwood?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Thanks Philip for that confirmation.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> I have tested some terrible ethanol stoves as well, proving once again that
it is only a good fuel-stove combination that delivers clean performance. </span>
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> I have also tested an ethanol stove that had acceptable CO, but when the
small pot was replaced with one three times the size, it altered the air flow through the burner and tripled the CO production.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> Philip tells of an ethanol stove and fuel that had such high water content
that it condensed on the bottom of the pot. It dripped on the fire and extinguished it!
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> Yes, test first. Never assume anything.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> Regards</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin still chuckling</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">“</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Sugar
cane-based ethanol is a processed biofuel which is convenient and can be burned very cleanly (test, don’t assume)” said Crispin</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> It CAN be, but test first. I tested one ethanol “clean burning” stove which built centimetre-deep mounds
of soot on the pot within minutes. Clean burning absolutely requires good fuel/air mixing before combustion.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> Prof Philip Lloyd</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Energy Institute, CPUT</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">SARETEC, Sachs Circle</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Bellville</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Tel 021 959 4323</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Cell 083 441 5247</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">PA Nadia 021 959 4330</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">
Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, March 11, 2017 7:33 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Kenya: To use or not to use fuelwood?</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Dear Stovers who want to
have a clue about fuelwood combustion</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> This is a quote from the article linked below:</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> <i>“At the household level, the key issues to consider are women’s and children’s health. Indeed, World
Health Organisation studies show that one hour of using firewood has the same health impacts as smoking a packet of cigarettes.”</i></span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Of the many untrue things written in the article, this is probably the most outrageous, and that is
really saying something.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> The exposure one gets from a single cigarette is about 45 milligrams of PM2.5. The exposure in the worst
home tested by Fresh Air in Kyrgyzstan in the past 4 months, which has terrible indoor air pollution in most low income homes, was 6000 micrograms per cubic metre. That is 20 times the exposure in Beijing on a bad ‘orange alert’ day. The exposure of a Kenyan
cook is <i>very</i> unlikely to be as high as that and I invite researchers to show that it is indeed as high as 6000 for one hour per day, on average.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Next, to be exposed to the same level of PM2.5 as a pack of 20 cigarettes (45 x 20 = 900 mg or 900,000
µg) one would have to inhale 150 cubic metres of such air in an hour, or 150,000 litres. To do that in an hour would require about
<a href="https://www.quora.com/How-much-volume-do-we-inhale-and-exhale-in-a-day" target="_blank">
6000</a> people!</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> As the health effect on a human from cigarette smoke is far worse than wood smoke, let’s call it 10,000
people to be safe. If an exaggeration of 10,000-fold is not alarming enough, consider all the other unsupportable ‘climate’ assertions thrown left and right in this piece. Good grief why can’t people just promote their products on their merits without linking
it to all the junk-topics-of-the-hour.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> CleanStar’s product makes perfectly good sense and has a viable business plan. Sugar cane-based ethanol
is a processed biofuel which is convenient and can be burned very cleanly (test, don’t assume). It can be produced at scale and distributed at lower cost and at greater convenience than LPG. So….just do it.
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> For those who don’t know Sagun, he was one of the judges in the TerraWatt Prize competition held by
National Geographic a couple of years ago. The organiser of that competition was so inspired by the experience he has moved to Mozambique to try to fill in a gap created when CleanStar moved to Kenya.
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> May they both succeed.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Regards</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Crispin</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Using Efficient Methods
to Manage Fuelwood is the Key</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">By MILLICENT MWOLOLO</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">To use or not to use fuelwood?-<a href="http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/DN2/kenya-fuel-use-or-not-to-use-fuelwood/957860-3838414-ra9sgf/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/DN2/kenya-fuel-use-or-not-to-use-fuelwood/957860-3838414-ra9sgf/index.html</a></span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">In Summary</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Woodfuel releases carbon fumes into the air, adding to the carbon footprint and global warming. This has resulted in global climatic change, which is also being witnessed in Kenya in
the form of higher temperatures, prolonged droughts and dry spells.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Though new to the local market, ethanol has gained wide use in Mozambique because it is clean and efficient, comparable to LPG. CleanStar Ventures has conducted market research primarily
in urban households that confirms the convenience and safety of ethanol. </span>
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">The Kenya Forestry Service (KFS), the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (Kefri), and ICRAF, among others, are working with farmers on managing trees for woodfuel. They promote the harvesting
of mature stems, growing of acacia trees for charcoal and managing trees in drylands.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">_______________________________________________<br>
Stoves mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>
<a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>