<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div>Paul: </div><div><br></div><div>Thank you. I learned better terminology, but still confused by "Ignition occurs first ..forms a flame."</div><div><br></div><div>Isn't this true only of self-igniting coals (there are some types in the US) or "smoldering" coal seams? High vol content is the reason; I now forget how the combustion starts. (I vaguely remember coal in transit is sprinkled with water; obviously not a good idea for underground in situ combustion.)</div><div><br></div><div>Otherwise, how does the surface of the fuel get devolatilized to begin with? Starting flame has to come from somewhere. </div><div><br></div><div>Nikhil</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Nikhil Desai<div>+91 909 995 2080</div><div>Skype: nikhildesai888</div></div><div><br>On May 21, 2017, at 1:09 AM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>> wrote:<br><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div>
<meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" http-equiv="Content-Type">
Darpan and all,<br>
<br>
A SHORT answer to what could have books written about it. I refer
to this quotation that you provided from the paper:
<blockquote type="cite"><i>Batch combustion in a fixed bed follows
three major stages. Ignition occurs first once the surface
material of the fuel devolatilises and forms a gaseous flame. </i></blockquote>
<i>Done. Yes, that is understood.<br>
<br>
</i>
<blockquote type="cite"><i>Once this flame is established the
‘flaming phase’ takes place characterised by the combustion of
volatile products and their decomposition products (secondary
pyrolysis products) as luminous diffusion flames. </i></blockquote>
<i>Note that they are discussing the UPPER flaming of the gases that
have come from the raw fuel down below.<br>
<br>
</i>
<blockquote type="cite"><i>Thirdly the smouldering phase occurs
which is characterised by heterogeneous char combustion and
limited visible gas phase combustion. </i></blockquote>
Npte that they are now discussion "char combustion" which is
occuring at the bottom of the now pyrolyzed biomass.<br>
<br>
THEREFORE, there is confusion between that is going on and where it
is happening. I do NOT like this terminology. Instead, please
consider:<br>
1. Ignition stage. no change<br>
<br>
2. FLAMING pyrolysis. This is down INSIDE the fuel bed. It is
flaming because O2 is present as the pyrolytic gases are released
from the fuel particle.(actually sort of glowing because the flames
are VERY small. Contrast this with NON-flaming pyrolysis which is
pyrolysis as it occurs inside of a retort (where there is sufficient
heat but no entry of O2). Note that this is NOT referring to
the flaming of the gases at the top of the gasifier (or even further
away if through a pipe, etc.)<br>
<br>
3. CHAR-gasifification. (why call this "smouldering"?) Note
that the realtively small amount of gases being created are CO and
they will cause VERY SMALL FLAMES (visible in a darkened room) if
there is O2 where that CO is liberated. But if no O2 or if cooled
somewhat, that CO will not burn, and will become CO emissions.<br>
<br>
Personally, I will not be referring to "smouldering" as a combustion
process. It is too vague. <br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 5/20/2017 12:29 PM, Darpan Das
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:CAGcGVkGozDn7JjOBLwybHvOrP7kOamqpMPOBKy9mBVLfNfiWgg@mail.gmail.com" type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=windows-1252">
<div dir="ltr">Dear Mr Larson
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thanks for sharing the research papers. What is unclear to
me is the distinction of the flaming and the smoldering phase.
<b>How do we know in an practical experiment that the flaming
phase is over and is the beginning of the smoldering phase.<br>
</b>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Mitchell et al., 2016 (The first and second paper shared
by you in the trailing mail), in their study found that
flaming phase emissions were much higher than in the
smoldering phase. CO emissions are also dependent on the
combustion phase. <b>So is emission measurement the a
criteria to evaluate the distinction of a phase?</b></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Quoting a paragraph directly from the paper</div>
<i>Batch combustion in a fixed bed follows three major stages.
Ignition occurs first once the surface material of the fuel
devolatilises and forms a gaseous flame. Once this flame is
established the ‘flaming phase’ takes place characterised by
the combustion of volatile products and their decomposition
products (secondary pyrolysis products) as luminous
diffusion flames. Thirdly the smouldering phase occurs which
is characterised by heterogeneous char combustion and
limited visible gas phase combustion. Elasser et al. [17]
have recently identified four combustion phases but in the
present work we have used the simpler classification of the
two major phases, flaming and smouldering because of the
difficulty of distinguishing between the other phases.</i></div>
<div><i><br>
</i></div>
<div>Gravimeteric measurements of particulate matter samples at
an interval of 5 minute was done during a cooking cycle. Each
of the filter paper would then be analyzed for EC-OC . The
EC/TC ratio is an indication of the different combustion
phases (Mitchell et al., 2016). </div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Atiku et al., 2016 (by th same group from Leeds
University) in their study found that the values of the
EC/TC ratios for wood logs, torrefied briquettes, coal and
smokeless fuel are highly dependent on burning conditions;
namely the flaming and smoldering phases. The results of
this study suggest that EC and OC emissions from various
solid fuels differ substantially in composition and relative
proportion. <br>
<div><br>
</div>
Smoke emissions from the different fuels are also dependent
on the phase of combustion. Roden and Bond, 2006 identified
that cooking fires exhibited three general combustion
phases, which were named as vigorous flaming, gentle
flaming, and smoldering.<br>
<br>
a) Vigorous flaming is characterized by strong flames
with a jutting appearance, resulting from rapid
de-volatilization from the wood. It occurs shortly after the
ignition of added wood.<br>
b) Gentle flaming is characterized by smaller flames,
lower emission of scattering and absorbing particles, and a
gradual decrease in CO2.<br>
c) Smoldering, occurs when the flames have
extinguished.<br>
<br>
<br>
Roden and Bond, 2006 studied the influence of flaming events
and found that very dark particles with the optical
properties of black particles are emitted during this phase.
During the vigorous flaming phase, the emissions of
particles are very high, especially dark, light absorbing
particles associated with low instantaneous single scatter
albedos. CO2 usually peaks toward the end of vigorous
flaming. In the gentle flaming phase scattering and
absorption coefficients were often similar in magnitude
during this phase, indicating that both strongly absorbing
and non-absorbing particles were emitted. Carbon monoxide
concentration followed either the scattering or absorption
coefficient. In the smoldering phase, light scattering
increases sharply because flames are not consuming the
volatile matter emitted from the wood, which recondenses
into particles. Despite the lack of flame to create black
carbon, these aerosols still have an absorbing component. CO
emissions here are no greater than those of the preceding
gentle flaming phase. The decreasing carbon dioxide
concentration shows a drop in burning rate.<br>
<br>
<b>So during realtime emission measurement of stove, can we
say that to determine </b><b>which combustion phase we
are in, there can be two parameters to define that</b></div>
<div><b>A) EC/OC ratio </b></div>
<div><b>B) CO/CO2 ratio<br>
</b><br>
Regards</div>
</div>
<div>Darpan</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, May 20, 2017 at 10:26 PM, Ronal
W. Larson <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div>List:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>1. This one appeared as a Journal-recommended
non-fee paper:</div>
<div>
<h1 class="m_8154038981684945382svTitle" id="m_8154038981684945382ti0005" style="border:0px;font-size:22px;font-weight:400;margin:0px
0px
12px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,'Lucida
Sans Unicode','Microsoft Sans Serif','Segoe UI
Symbol',STIXGeneral,'Cambria Math','Arial Unicode
MS',sans-serif;color:rgb(46,46,46);line-height:1.4;clear:both;font-variant-ligatures:normal;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">“The
impact of fuel properties on the emissions from the
combustion of biomass and other solid fuels in a fixed
bed domestic stove"</h1>
<ul class="m_8154038981684945382authorGroup
m_8154038981684945382noCollab
m_8154038981684945382svAuthor" style="border:0px;font-size:13px;margin:0px 0px
6px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,'Lucida
Sans Unicode','Microsoft Sans Serif','Segoe UI
Symbol',STIXGeneral,'Cambria Math','Arial Unicode
MS',sans-serif;list-style:none;display:inline;color:rgb(46,46,46);font-variant-ligatures:normal;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<li class="m_8154038981684945382smh5" style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline"><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#" class="m_8154038981684945382svAuthor
m_8154038981684945382authorName" id="m_8154038981684945382authname_N34c65580N84b6a120" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank">E.J.S. Mitchell</a><a moz-do-not-send="true" title="Affiliation: a" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#af0005" class="m_8154038981684945382auth_aff
m_8154038981684945382intra_ref" id="m_8154038981684945382baf0005" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank"><sup style="border:0px;font-size:0.7em;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:0">a</sup></a>, </li>
<li class="m_8154038981684945382smh5" style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline"><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#" class="m_8154038981684945382svAuthor
m_8154038981684945382authorName" id="m_8154038981684945382authname_N34c65580N84b6a1d4" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank">A.R. Lea-Langton</a><a moz-do-not-send="true" title="Affiliation: a" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#af0005" class="m_8154038981684945382auth_aff
m_8154038981684945382intra_ref" id="m_8154038981684945382baf0005" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank"><sup style="border:0px;font-size:0.7em;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:0">a</sup></a>, </li>
<li class="m_8154038981684945382smh5" style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline"><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#" class="m_8154038981684945382svAuthor
m_8154038981684945382authorName" id="m_8154038981684945382authname_N34c65580N84b6a288" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank">J.M. Jones</a><a moz-do-not-send="true" title="Affiliation: a" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#af0005" class="m_8154038981684945382auth_aff
m_8154038981684945382intra_ref" id="m_8154038981684945382baf0005" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank"><sup style="border:0px;font-size:0.7em;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:0">a</sup></a>, </li>
<li class="m_8154038981684945382smh5" style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline"><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#" class="m_8154038981684945382svAuthor
m_8154038981684945382authorName" id="m_8154038981684945382authname_N34c65580N84b6a33c" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank">A. Williams</a><a moz-do-not-send="true" title="Affiliation: a" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#af0005" class="m_8154038981684945382auth_aff
m_8154038981684945382intra_ref" id="m_8154038981684945382baf0005" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank"><sup style="border:0px;font-size:0.7em;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:0">a</sup></a><sup style="border:0px;font-size:0.7em;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:0">, </sup>, </li>
<li class="m_8154038981684945382smh5" style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline"><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#" class="m_8154038981684945382svAuthor
m_8154038981684945382authorName" id="m_8154038981684945382authname_N34c65580N84b6a468" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank">P. Layden</a><a moz-do-not-send="true" title="Affiliation: b" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#af0010" class="m_8154038981684945382auth_aff
m_8154038981684945382intra_ref" id="m_8154038981684945382baf0010" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank"><sup style="border:0px;font-size:0.7em;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:0">b</sup></a>, </li>
<li class="m_8154038981684945382smh5" style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline"><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#" class="m_8154038981684945382svAuthor
m_8154038981684945382authorName" id="m_8154038981684945382authname_N34c65580N84b6a51c" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank">R. Johnson</a><a moz-do-not-send="true" title="Affiliation: b" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843#af0010" class="m_8154038981684945382auth_aff
m_8154038981684945382intra_ref" id="m_8154038981684945382baf0010" style="color:rgb(49,108,157);text-decoration:none;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline" target="_blank"><sup style="border:0px;font-size:0.7em;margin:0px;padding:0px;line-height:0">b</sup></a></li>
</ul>
<div id="m_8154038981684945382showMoreButtons" style="border:0px;font-size:13px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,'Lucida
Sans Unicode','Microsoft Sans Serif','Segoe UI
Symbol',STIXGeneral,'Cambria Math','Arial Unicode
MS',sans-serif;color:rgb(46,46,46);font-variant-ligatures:normal;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_8154038981684945382showLess
m_8154038981684945382moreLink" style="color:rgb(1,86,170);border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline"><span class="m_8154038981684945382CollapseText" style="border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 5px 0px
0px;vertical-align:top;width:10px;display:inline-block;height:9px;background-image:url();background-position:0%
-3836px;background-repeat:no-repeat no-repeat"> </span></a></div>
</div>
<div><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382015301843" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/<wbr>science/article/pii/<wbr>S0378382015301843</a></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><span class="m_8154038981684945382Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>It
fits TLUDs in the sense that a TLUD separates the two
distinct types of burning (flaming and smoldering) - and
(hopefully if one places the char in soil) one never
sees the second type. I have NOT read this carefully,
but looks well done.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>2. From a totally different source this one
appeared with a similar flavor:</div>
<div><a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_8154038981684945382link" href="https://recommendations.springernature.com/v1255/redirect/004bM9w-ENjUDU5H2pVUL17iSbuwMKVCjjjyi2fmgQy_Pkthsyu_4YHhRbwzsJyH4DdRhtmVrAZLjXdxRWFEfQDZ7apxqf-z_xWLbCeQuOE1XKrSe4w5mShj2OXoLQ6X7ZwyDcbGMDkqA5b23U7MvijGIg6JNq8JxfpopB31uvluETRcg-zUK-uSL5TVVe6_eK-AJAcEbytnI5U_KvJ_IG0KrRfZtESgYqNVVPDAz_9AqAZOxx2qEqXqf_lbxxUCjMaqVGYM8tvfd7HUF4SLLKstjY4CGAG7Tnk7ZcnKR9BmNOWKU8_Laikhewva_0iHJpmS0kJoDE3QitwRJ6O7n1x_qsXHop5oDgDuAXpJQwLLdOjGjv-pC6ZZK4FKf4S0qjpsjnEZn5K9QTF1lMBn_P2H-jUCU1OUxF7PRz96_lFKcHlFBUY4rfJn5EnzX7xvZ2-xzhvlhsIZsNvmC-tJugJLsNaZGLlCohTN-ZBKD16Iv1-JD6PTnXU5aFn8yy-uJuliffCQqwHhP8ml1yV0MXEQoXuou5KuDqpLDYSc3gjXlakHnI-FAMf5K5yoIpI4Tx1ruKQaeR9y-rl0yfmqWRZNWpmTkKQSouI7R_xoOEiWXXyCGuAGzpxE79AsM5rCsNgjklwL98wFV8wAwcycioMAGU9taiN2GtGR9NYnoJv8b4DV1COrk_MN_hKypxYdUQUCXquUghBqxSchWYeYjcce0Q_UzmGdt-ePYETRmsK5lKuGIveNwoiWxebl00q7AarHZtW11aNFVJz02_7-k0_jr4hKhmop3xGUbUpyMekQFeNo-N4210_qmDLmVpCIPvFscyk2t2bNBea7tw6EQBApaoKo21_OwS9MSM1DwQIdQIP-tLlt_4evPMis-HNYrrTe362LYrnFe_Y3iNKeUreMsP8QMB_1qbe-q8RLklBo9Qv1Sr6joVo4uVUc4Wr3ALUX6CAa5QMUMRkXUikRPUAlaNdn43GpGdL7CnQfSfqK3iY3fv-1DRyFKjIM8qtrbHljmYnJ0vTqD1XAWJu781LSSdZni3l0YzVKFva3g3hnmnV1ZUCkZ04Yq_vfAV2T" title="The impact of fuel properties on the emissions
from the combustion of biomass and other solid fuels
in a fixed bed domestic stove" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;display:inline!important;text-decoration:none;margin:7px
0px;padding-right:36px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:17px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;letter-spacing:0.102px" target="_blank">
<h2 class="m_8154038981684945382title" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(1,118,195);font-weight:normal;font-size:inherit;margin:0px
0px
7px;padding:inherit;width:auto;line-height:21px;max-height:42px;overflow:hidden;font-family:inherit;display:inline!important"><span class="m_8154038981684945382line-start
m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">The</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">impact</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">of</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">fuel</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">properties</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit"><wbr>on</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">the</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">emissions</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">from</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">the</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">comb<wbr>ustion</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">of</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">biomass </span><span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">and</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">other</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">so<wbr>lid</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">fuels</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">in</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">a</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">fixed</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">bed</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">domes<wbr>tic</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382line-end
m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">stove</span></h2>
</a></div>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_8154038981684945382link" href="https://recommendations.springernature.com/v1255/redirect/004bM9w-ENjUDU5H2pVUL17iSbuwMKVCjjjyi2fmgQy_Pkthsyu_4YHhRbwzsJyH4DdRhtmVrAZLjXdxRWFEfQDZ7apxqf-z_xWLbCeQuOE1XKrSe4w5mShj2OXoLQ6X7ZwyDcbGMDkqA5b23U7MvijGIg6JNq8JxfpopB31uvluETRcg-zUK-uSL5TVVe6_eK-AJAcEbytnI5U_KvJ_IG0KrRfZtESgYqNVVPDAz_9AqAZOxx2qEqXqf_lbxxUCjMaqVGYM8tvfd7HUF4SLLKstjY4CGAG7Tnk7ZcnKR9BmNOWKU8_Laikhewva_0iHJpmS0kJoDE3QitwRJ6O7n1x_qsXHop5oDgDuAXpJQwLLdOjGjv-pC6ZZK4FKf4S0qjpsjnEZn5K9QTF1lMBn_P2H-jUCU1OUxF7PRz96_lFKcHlFBUY4rfJn5EnzX7xvZ2-xzhvlhsIZsNvmC-tJugJLsNaZGLlCohTN-ZBKD16Iv1-JD6PTnXU5aFn8yy-uJuliffCQqwHhP8ml1yV0MXEQoXuou5KuDqpLDYSc3gjXlakHnI-FAMf5K5yoIpI4Tx1ruKQaeR9y-rl0yfmqWRZNWpmTkKQSouI7R_xoOEiWXXyCGuAGzpxE79AsM5rCsNgjklwL98wFV8wAwcycioMAGU9taiN2GtGR9NYnoJv8b4DV1COrk_MN_hKypxYdUQUCXquUghBqxSchWYeYjcce0Q_UzmGdt-ePYETRmsK5lKuGIveNwoiWxebl00q7AarHZtW11aNFVJz02_7-k0_jr4hKhmop3xGUbUpyMekQFeNo-N4210_qmDLmVpCIPvFscyk2t2bNBea7tw6EQBApaoKo21_OwS9MSM1DwQIdQIP-tLlt_4evPMis-HNYrrTe362LYrnFe_Y3iNKeUreMsP8QMB_1qbe-q8RLklBo9Qv1Sr6joVo4uVUc4Wr3ALUX6CAa5QMUMRkXUikRPUAlaNdn43GpGdL7CnQfSfqK3iY3fv-1DRyFKjIM8qtrbHljmYnJ0vTqD1XAWJu781LSSdZni3l0YzVKFva3g3hnmnV1ZUCkZ04Yq_vfAV2T" title="The impact of fuel properties on the emissions
from the combustion of biomass and other solid fuels in
a fixed bed domestic stove" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;display:block;text-decoration:none;margin:7px
0px;padding-right:36px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:17px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;letter-spacing:0.102px" target="_blank">
<div class="m_8154038981684945382metadata" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
<ul class="m_8154038981684945382authors" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;line-height:16px;padding:0px
0px 2px;margin:0px">
<li class="m_8154038981684945382author" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;padding:0px;margin:0px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block">Mitchell,
E.J.S.</li>
<li class="m_8154038981684945382author" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;padding:0px;margin:0px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block">Johnson,
R.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</a>
<div><a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_8154038981684945382link" href="https://recommendations.springernature.com/v1255/redirect/004bM9w-ENjUDU5H2pVUL17iSbuwMKVCjjjyi2fmgQy_Pkthsyu_4YHhRbwzsJyH4DdRhtmVrAZLjXdxRWFEfQDZ7apxqf-z_xWLbCeQuOE1XKrSe4w5mShj2OXoLQ6X7ZwyDcbGMDkqA5b23U7MvijGIg6JNq8JxfpopB31uvluETRcg-zUK-uSL5TVVe6_eK-AJAcEbytnI5U_KvJ_IG0KrRfZtESgYqNVVPDAz_9AqAZOxx2qEqXqf_lbxxUCjMaqVGYM8tvfd7HUF4SLLKstjY4CGAG7Tnk7ZcnKR9BmNOWKU8_Laikhewva_0iHJpmS0kJoDE3QitwRJ6O7n1x_qsXHop5oDgDuAXpJQwLLdOjGjv-pC6ZZK4FKf4S0qjpsjnEZn5K9QTF1lMBn_P2H-jUCU1OUxF7PRz96_lFKcHlFBUY4rfJn5EnzX7xvZ2-xzhvlhsIZsNvmC-tJugJLsNaZGLlCohTN-ZBKD16Iv1-JD6PTnXU5aFn8yy-uJuliffCQqwHhP8ml1yV0MXEQoXuou5KuDqpLDYSc3gjXlakHnI-FAMf5K5yoIpI4Tx1ruKQaeR9y-rl0yfmqWRZNWpmTkKQSouI7R_xoOEiWXXyCGuAGzpxE79AsM5rCsNgjklwL98wFV8wAwcycioMAGU9taiN2GtGR9NYnoJv8b4DV1COrk_MN_hKypxYdUQUCXquUghBqxSchWYeYjcce0Q_UzmGdt-ePYETRmsK5lKuGIveNwoiWxebl00q7AarHZtW11aNFVJz02_7-k0_jr4hKhmop3xGUbUpyMekQFeNo-N4210_qmDLmVpCIPvFscyk2t2bNBea7tw6EQBApaoKo21_OwS9MSM1DwQIdQIP-tLlt_4evPMis-HNYrrTe362LYrnFe_Y3iNKeUreMsP8QMB_1qbe-q8RLklBo9Qv1Sr6joVo4uVUc4Wr3ALUX6CAa5QMUMRkXUikRPUAlaNdn43GpGdL7CnQfSfqK3iY3fv-1DRyFKjIM8qtrbHljmYnJ0vTqD1XAWJu781LSSdZni3l0YzVKFva3g3hnmnV1ZUCkZ04Yq_vfAV2T" title="The impact of fuel properties on the emissions
from the combustion of biomass and other solid fuels
in a fixed bed domestic stove" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;display:inline!important;text-decoration:none;margin:7px
0px;padding-right:36px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:17px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;letter-spacing:0.102px" target="_blank">
<div class="m_8154038981684945382metadata" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;display:inline!important"><span class="m_8154038981684945382journal" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-style:italic;line-height:1.4">Fuel
Processing Technology</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382year" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">2016</span></div>
</a> </div>
<div> (only free at this single site)</div>
<div><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/85463/1/A%20study%20of%20soot%20formation%20from%20biomass%20combustion.pdf" target="_blank">http://eprints.whiterose.ac.<wbr>uk/85463/1/A%20study%20of%<wbr>20soot%20formation%20from%<wbr>20biomass%20combustion.pdf</a></div>
<div><span class="m_8154038981684945382Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>(again
- I haven’t read carefully - but has the same breakout
into two types of combustion (Flaming and smoldering)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>3. And this one was also recommended at the same
place. We have discussed Dr. Tryner’s thesis work
before, but I’m not sure this particular article. I
like it very much:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_8154038981684945382link" href="https://recommendations.springernature.com/v1255/redirect/004bM9w-ENjUDU5H2pVULzvM3jlkn27KyMViPvscv-hi-CXyEoj-tptLg8NkrJ1ARoTdXKWTMElsXB1g-CiQnPzRdUXhoi-9SXKcJZRxYxIoGbZ3R9Q0GFRfs7kUT4TRf3hobROqIJ1mZFrTAXhPSBWWkDBVbduwXW-wC_BiP7iSLZZSBFkdrLfVRHTwKNYDmzp-qlZTEDMdCoBiBL2IlG47Z_bx8JNhY3Lmp25m0ReBiRO4vNBeaSgGGC4n1gX5IeaoIjiZtMwD6E9ATUliZFop4OK3VtiHKklUJpakxsawLW_DRz63VFwfpJo7zPsFTatV3lOgsbpA6Hd1QA9S05l-DsPcEuDpcJKwW0yb8pJj64wpr4GLpkmQYP-CDT9ed42HyqXRTfL7eBQhuPet1r-Y2p1qeWgAMLkkAsriGDlt3aHy2EN34JhCH5cRePyXU5zNcFsX7eF0JEFaZ_pRCzjuyseIco7qB8btUpm3N1jk7c3Cxs6JP8HDYSot73vQDYLoMzdEJG33n4Al1QUQS0tRPMEuhcHEeK7CJHF7LvpKRKIHbXX07AyUqP157ogTOvKZ6cyF-HhVayouHRBsbO3hAsWaG4eurQVGl_DDyV5G0ibhYREeLdjSaj2-z75GwgE-4gMNO4NULwQaGsmi1SAuEvCIpIX6VaCMrtVR84edvETSkP4ZP9PPFAp47IKN8FxiYYe4LQaX_87KGz8aVv1-WRtHqBZN3H-gWW9r94efROJ6rVhhHbxW_GnP6zFs6E9jefYGFOPNZeMBLnKITgQ7YZPx4UW7VMWhQpTWSjt5J3lwHS-AE0dlvpU8beaTa5xqywUi4g1j9_Hgbrd0p6mjYNelB_AGTGVKSg0SoZ0yGzqWNplm1-YqWypfYER0PmyD8lHJMAPG--kJooqkK_YA5FC5AeL0pStS9QCqriJN_zlx0hlfP4NWrQpLPDCV9CK0V6aQOHkYk5dgfZwb5l8LPoeJYMivvfzOWnEW4PStBXnZFMuRNswl_4dxAjUXpTASiKfTgzZjSGtJKsI8KiY4gRTBjEStOoopPWbBEf8%3D" title="The effects of fuel type and stove design on
emissions and efficiency of natural-draft
semi-gasifier biomass cookstoves" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;display:block;text-decoration:none;margin:7px
0px;padding-right:36px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:17px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;letter-spacing:0.102px" target="_blank">
<h2 class="m_8154038981684945382title" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(1,118,195);font-weight:normal;font-size:inherit;margin:0px
0px
7px;float:inherit;padding:inherit;width:auto;line-height:21px;max-height:42px;overflow:hidden;font-family:inherit"><span class="m_8154038981684945382line-start
m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">The</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">effects</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">of</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">fuel</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">type</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">and</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">s<wbr>tove</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">design</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">on</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">emissions</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">and</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">e<wbr>fficiency</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">of</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">natural-draft</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">sem<wbr>i-gasifier</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">biomass</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382line-end
m_8154038981684945382word" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">cookstoves</span></h2>
<div class="m_8154038981684945382metadata" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">
<ul class="m_8154038981684945382authors" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;line-height:16px;padding:0px
0px 2px;margin:0px">
<li class="m_8154038981684945382author" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;padding:0px;margin:0px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block">Tryner,
Jessica…</li>
<li class="m_8154038981684945382author" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;padding:0px;margin:0px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block">Marchese,
Anthony J.</li>
</ul>
<span class="m_8154038981684945382journal" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-style:italic;line-height:1.4">Energy
for Sustainable Development</span> <span class="m_8154038981684945382year" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit">2014</span></div>
</a>
<div class="m_8154038981684945382metadata" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit"><a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_8154038981684945382link" href="https://recommendations.springernature.com/v1255/redirect/004bM9w-ENjUDU5H2pVULzvM3jlkn27KyMViPvscv-hi-CXyEoj-tptLg8NkrJ1ARoTdXKWTMElsXB1g-CiQnPzRdUXhoi-9SXKcJZRxYxIoGbZ3R9Q0GFRfs7kUT4TRf3hobROqIJ1mZFrTAXhPSBWWkDBVbduwXW-wC_BiP7iSLZZSBFkdrLfVRHTwKNYDmzp-qlZTEDMdCoBiBL2IlG47Z_bx8JNhY3Lmp25m0ReBiRO4vNBeaSgGGC4n1gX5IeaoIjiZtMwD6E9ATUliZFop4OK3VtiHKklUJpakxsawLW_DRz63VFwfpJo7zPsFTatV3lOgsbpA6Hd1QA9S05l-DsPcEuDpcJKwW0yb8pJj64wpr4GLpkmQYP-CDT9ed42HyqXRTfL7eBQhuPet1r-Y2p1qeWgAMLkkAsriGDlt3aHy2EN34JhCH5cRePyXU5zNcFsX7eF0JEFaZ_pRCzjuyseIco7qB8btUpm3N1jk7c3Cxs6JP8HDYSot73vQDYLoMzdEJG33n4Al1QUQS0tRPMEuhcHEeK7CJHF7LvpKRKIHbXX07AyUqP157ogTOvKZ6cyF-HhVayouHRBsbO3hAsWaG4eurQVGl_DDyV5G0ibhYREeLdjSaj2-z75GwgE-4gMNO4NULwQaGsmi1SAuEvCIpIX6VaCMrtVR84edvETSkP4ZP9PPFAp47IKN8FxiYYe4LQaX_87KGz8aVv1-WRtHqBZN3H-gWW9r94efROJ6rVhhHbxW_GnP6zFs6E9jefYGFOPNZeMBLnKITgQ7YZPx4UW7VMWhQpTWSjt5J3lwHS-AE0dlvpU8beaTa5xqywUi4g1j9_Hgbrd0p6mjYNelB_AGTGVKSg0SoZ0yGzqWNplm1-YqWypfYER0PmyD8lHJMAPG--kJooqkK_YA5FC5AeL0pStS9QCqriJN_zlx0hlfP4NWrQpLPDCV9CK0V6aQOHkYk5dgfZwb5l8LPoeJYMivvfzOWnEW4PStBXnZFMuRNswl_4dxAjUXpTASiKfTgzZjSGtJKsI8KiY4gRTBjEStOoopPWbBEf8%3D" title="The effects of fuel type and stove design on
emissions and efficiency of natural-draft
semi-gasifier biomass cookstoves" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;display:block;text-decoration:none;margin:7px
0px;padding-right:36px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:17px;font-variant-ligatures:normal;letter-spacing:0.102px" target="_blank"><span class="m_8154038981684945382year" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit"></span></a><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://envirofit.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2015-The-effect-of-fuel-type-etc_Tryner.pdf" target="_blank">http://envirofit.org/wp-<wbr>content/uploads/2016/06/2015-<wbr>The-effect-of-fuel-type-etc_<wbr>Tryner.pdf</a></div>
<div class="m_8154038981684945382metadata" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit"><br>
</div>
<div class="m_8154038981684945382metadata" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit"><span class="m_8154038981684945382Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>A phrase
in the abstract surprised me - that 60% of the energy
can remain in the char. I have never seen the
remaining char this high - which should improve the
economics if/when one is able to sell the char.</div>
</div>
<div class="m_8154038981684945382metadata" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit"><br>
</div>
<div class="m_8154038981684945382metadata" style="box-sizing:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit">Ron</div>
</div>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Stoves mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.<wbr>org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.<wbr>org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_<wbr>lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see
our web site:<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.<wbr>org/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
<br clear="all">
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
<div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">Darpan Das
<div>Research Scholar</div>
<div>IIT Bombay</div>
<div>India</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
Stoves mailing list
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
</div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><div><span>_______________________________________________</span><br><span>Stoves mailing list</span><br><span></span><br><span>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address</span><br><span><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a></span><br><span></span><br><span>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page</span><br><span><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a></span><br><span></span><br><span>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:</span><br><span><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a></span><br><span></span><br></div></blockquote></body></html>