<div dir="ltr">Paul: <br><br>Yes, there is a mismatch between the abstract and the article. Correction below. <br><br>Dairy operations might also be a source of highly toxic pathogens as the Schaeffer, et al. noted, "Particulate matter emissions from agricultural livestock operations contain both chemical and biological constituents that represent a potential human health hazard. The size and composition of these dusts, however, have not been well described."<br><br>Anybody wandering around in rural India - or even cities,since we have cattle running around in this city of 5+ million inhabitants - would immediately notice the pollution from cattle wastes, not just open defecation by humans (has nearly disappeared in my city) and chemical spills, landfills, what not. <br><br>It is a singular shame of the "fuel emissions lead to premature deaths" gang that their inventory of PM2.5 concentrations - outdoors, or "indoors" (since cattle are often kept next to the residential areas) - omit source allocation to such sources. <br><br>I have challenged air quality experts to tell me the composition of PM recorded in different places. There is no such database. The assumption of <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014006669">equitoxicity </a>- for chemical and biological constituents of whatever type - overrides any consideration of biological phenomena of dose-response. That combined with the "<a href="https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307049/">Integrated Exposure-Response</a>" assumptions makes the GBD computations about morbidity from cooking fuels utterly ridiculous. <br><br>Tom calls such views "rant". I challenge WHO folks to defend the GoBbleDygook. The first of these papers states <div><br></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div>"The key assumptions are (i) equitoxicity
of PM2.5 from different sources, (ii) that PM2.5 adequately
represents risk from combustion mixtures, and (iii) that the health
outcomes are sufficiently similar across exposure sources and settings."</div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>These assumptions are eminently challengeable. There is no way to validate from actual measurements that they are necessary assumptions for first approximation of estimates. They are simply ideology-driven nonsense - to justify the conclusions:<br><br></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div>New WHO air quality guidelines will address household air pollution (HAP). </div><div> Action on HAP could lower risk of multiple child and adult diseases by 20-50%. </div><div> New evidence shows levels at or below 35 mg/m3 PM2.5 (WHO IT-1) are needed. </div><div> Most improved solid fuel stoves result in PM2.5 levels well above IT-1. </div><div> Intervention strategy must shift towards accelerating access to clean fuels.</div></blockquote><div><br>Yup. <blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;border:none;padding:0px">"Intervention strategy must shift towards accelerating access to clean fuels."</blockquote><div><br>No wonder Crispin thinks there is a war against coal. I am surprised that readers of this List do not recognize that this is also a war against solid fuels generally, including biosolids. <br><br>I happen to support subsidies for LPG and electricity, and have no problem with "accelerating access to clean fuels" EXCEPT that there is no such thing as "clean fuels", just "clean combustion. And the entire "database" of fuels, emissions, exposures, is pure fiction.<br><br></div><div>Anybody on this list to care to prove me wrong? If too shy to challenge the professoriat or reluctant to challenge donors with deep pockets - disappointed enough, I think - please write to me privately and help me develop a way to demolish the dominant paradigms of stoves work - efficiency and health benefits. </div><br>Nikhil<div><br><br><a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.6b05928">http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.6b05928</a><div><br></div><div><h1 class="gmail-articleTitle" style="margin-top:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:20px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><span class="gmail-hlFld-Title">A Laboratory Comparison of Emission Factors, Number Size Distributions, and Morphology of Ultrafine Particles from 11 Different Household Cookstove-Fuel Systems</span></h1><div id="gmail-articleMeta" style="margin-top:15px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.3em;margin-bottom:30px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><div id="gmail-authors" style="font-size:1em;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:normal"><a id="gmail-authors" href="http://pubs.acs.org/author/Shen%2C+Guofeng" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;font-size:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted rgb(51,102,153)">Guofeng Shen</a></span><span class="gmail-NLM_xref-aff"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">†</span></span>, </span><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:normal"><a id="gmail-authors" href="http://pubs.acs.org/author/Gaddam%2C+Chethan+K" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;font-size:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted rgb(51,102,153)">Chethan K. Gaddam</a></span><span class="gmail-NLM_xref-aff"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">§</span></span>, </span><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:normal"><a id="gmail-authors" href="http://pubs.acs.org/author/Ebersviller%2C+Seth+M" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;font-size:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted rgb(51,102,153)">Seth M. Ebersviller</a></span><span class="gmail-NLM_xref-aff"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">‡</span></span>, </span><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:normal"><a id="gmail-authors" href="http://pubs.acs.org/author/Vander+Wal%2C+Randy+L" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;font-size:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted rgb(51,102,153)">Randy L. Vander Wal</a></span><span class="gmail-NLM_xref-aff"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">§</span></span>, </span><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:normal"><a id="gmail-authors" href="http://pubs.acs.org/author/Williams%2C+Craig" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;font-size:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted rgb(51,102,153)">Craig Williams</a></span><span class="gmail-NLM_xref-aff"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">∥</span></span>, </span><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:normal"><a id="gmail-authors" href="http://pubs.acs.org/author/Faircloth%2C+Jerroll+W" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;font-size:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted rgb(51,102,153)">Jerroll W. Faircloth</a></span><span class="gmail-NLM_xref-aff"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">⊥</span></span>, </span><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:normal"><a id="gmail-authors" href="http://pubs.acs.org/author/Jetter%2C+James+J" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;font-size:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted rgb(51,102,153)">James J. Jetter</a></span><a class="gmail-ref" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.6b05928#cor1" style="color:rgb(51,102,153);text-decoration-line:none"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">*</span></a><span class="gmail-NLM_xref-aff"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">#</span></span><span class="gmail-orcid-link-icon"> <a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-4139" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(51,102,153);text-decoration-line:none"><img src="http://pubs.acs.org/templates/jsp/images/orcid.png" style="border: 0px; max-width: none; vertical-align: middle;"></a></span>, and </span><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="gmail-hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="white-space:normal"><a id="gmail-authors" href="http://pubs.acs.org/author/Hays%2C+Michael+D" style="color:inherit;text-decoration-line:none;font-size:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted rgb(51,102,153)">Michael D. Hays</a></span><span class="gmail-NLM_xref-aff"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">#</span></span></span></div><div class="gmail-affiliations"><div id="gmail-aff1"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">†</span> Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), <span class="gmail-institution">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</span>, Office of Research and Development, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, <span class="gmail-country">United States</span></div><div id="gmail-aff2"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">‡</span> <span class="gmail-institution">University of Findlay</span>, 1000 North Main Street, Findlay, Ohio 45840, <span class="gmail-country">United States</span></div><div id="gmail-aff3"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">§</span> John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and the EMS Energy Institute, <span class="gmail-institution">Penn State University</span>, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, <span class="gmail-country">United States</span></div><div id="gmail-aff4"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">∥</span> <span class="gmail-institution">CSS-Dynamac Inc.</span>, 1910 Sedwick Road, Durham, North Carolina 27713, <span class="gmail-country">United States</span></div><div id="gmail-aff5"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">⊥</span> <span class="gmail-institution">Jacobs Technology Inc.</span>, 600 William Northern Boulevard, Tullahoma, Tennessee 37388, <span class="gmail-country">United States</span></div><div id="gmail-aff6"><span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">#</span> Office of Research and Development, <span class="gmail-institution">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</span>, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, <span class="gmail-country">United States</span></div></div><div id="gmail-citation" style="margin:10px 0px 0px;font-size:0.9em"><cite>Environ. Sci. Technol.</cite>, Article ASAP</div><div id="gmail-doi" style="font-size:0.9em"><strong>DOI: </strong>10.1021/acs.est.6b05928</div><div id="gmail-pubDate" style="font-size:0.9em">Publication Date (Web): May 9, 2017</div><div id="gmail-artCopyright" style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:bold">Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society</div><div id="gmail-correspondence" style="font-size:0.9em;width:auto;margin:7px 0px 0px;color:rgb(102,102,102)">*Tel.: <span class="gmail-phone">919-541-4830</span>; fax: <span class="gmail-fax">919-541-2157</span>; e-mail: <a href="mailto:Jetter.jim@epa.gov" style="color:rgb(51,102,153);text-decoration-line:none">Jetter.jim@epa.gov</a>.</div></div><div id="gmail-articleBody" style="clear:both;width:auto;margin:0px;padding:0px 0px 10px;font-size:14px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"><div class="gmail-hlFld-Abstract"><h2 id="gmail-Abstract" style="margin:1em 0px 0px;color:rgb(0,110,169);line-height:normal;clear:left;width:430px;padding:20px 0px 3px;font-stretch:normal;font-size:1.1em;font-family:"Trebuchet MS",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Abstract</h2><div id="gmail-abstractBox" style="padding:7px;float:none;width:auto;margin:5px 0px;border:1px solid rgb(187,197,223);border-radius:5px;background:rgb(244,249,253);overflow:hidden"><div id="gmail-absImg" style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);border-radius:5px;background:rgb(255,255,255);text-align:center"><img alt="Abstract Image" src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/0/esthag.ahead-of-print/acs.est.6b05928/20170524/images/medium/es-2016-05928m_0008.gif" style="border: 0px; max-width: 100%;"></div><p class="gmail-articleBody_abstractText" style="margin:0px 0px 1.5em;line-height:1.6em;padding:0pt;width:610px;word-wrap:break-word">Ultrafine particle (UFP) emissions and particle number size distributions (PNSD) are critical in the evaluation of air pollution impacts; however, data on UFP number emissions from cookstoves, which are a major source of many pollutants, are limited. In this study, 11 fuel-stove combinations covering a variety of fuels and different stoves are investigated for UFP emissions and PNSD. The combustion of LPG and alcohol (∼10<span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">11</span> particles per useful energy delivered, particles/MJ<span style="vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">d</span>), and kerosene (∼10<span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">13</span> particles/MJ<span style="vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">d</span>), produced emissions that were lower by 2–3 orders of magnitude than solid fuels (10<span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">14</span>–10<span style="vertical-align:0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">15</span> particles/MJ<span style="vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">d</span>). Three different PNSD types—unimodal distributions with peaks ∼30–40 nm, unimodal distributions with peaks <30 nm, and bimodal distributions—were observed as the result of both fuel and stove effects. The fractions of particles smaller than 30 nm (<i>F</i><span style="vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">30</span>) varied among the tested systems, ranging from 13% to 88%. The burning of LPG and alcohol had the lowest PM<span style="vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">2.5</span> mass emissions, UFP number emissions, and <i>F</i><span style="vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">30</span> (13–21% for LPG and 35–41% for alcohol). Emissions of PM<span style="vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">2.5</span> and UFP from kerosene were also low compared with solid fuel burning but had a relatively high <i>F</i><span style="vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:0.8em;line-height:0.8em">30</span> value of approximately 73–80%.</p></div></div></div><br><br></div></div></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><font face="georgia, serif">------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Nikhil Desai</font></div><div><font face="georgia, serif">(India +91) 909 995 2080<br><i>Skype: nikhildesai888</i><br></font><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, May 31, 2017 at 6:14 PM, Paul Anderson <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
Tom,<br>
<br>
The provided link for the cookstove aticle actually leads to an
article about dairy cows.<br>
<br>
And a search on Google to find A characterization of the
relative size and quantity of fine particulate emissions from a
selection of cook stoves. did not provide the link.<br>
<br>
Please provide the link that matches the abstract.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
<pre class="m_750898039946747714moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="m_750898039946747714moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: <a href="tel:(309)%20452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website: <a class="m_750898039946747714moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre><div><div class="h5">
<div class="m_750898039946747714moz-cite-prefix">On 5/31/2017 12:41 AM, Darpan Das
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div><span style="font-size:12.8px">Dear Tom</span></div>
<span style="font-size:12.8px">
<div><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br>
</span></div>
In this study, 11 fuel-stove combinations covering a variety
of fuels and different stoves are investigated for UFP
emissions and PNSD. </span><br>
<div><span style="font-size:12.8px">Which study is being
referred here?</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br>
</span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, May 31, 2017 at 5:06 AM, Tom
Miles <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com" target="_blank">tmiles@trmiles.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">A
characterization of the relative size and quantity of fine
particulate emissions from a selection of cook stoves. Note
the solid fuels used in these trials were very dry.<br>
<br>
Size, Composition, and Source Profiles of Inhalable
Bioaerosols from Colorado Dairies<br>
Joshua W. Schaeffer, Stephen Reynolds, Sheryl Magzamen,
Amanda VanDyke, Neil R. Gottel, Jack A. Gilbert, Sarah M.
Owens, Jarrad T. Hampton-Marcell and John Volckens<br>
Environ. Sci. Technol., Article ASAP<br>
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00882<br>
Publication Date (Web): May 25, 2017<br>
Copyright © 2017, American Chemical Society<br>
<a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.7b00882" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10<wbr>.1021/acs.est.7b00882</a><br>
<br>
<br>
Ultrafine particle (UFP) emissions and particle number size
distributions (PNSD) are critical in the evaluation of air
pollution impacts; however, data on UFP number emissions
from cookstoves, which are a major source of many
pollutants, are limited. In this study, 11 fuel-stove
combinations covering a variety of fuels and different
stoves are investigated for UFP emissions and PNSD. The
combustion of LPG and alcohol (∼1011 particles per useful
energy delivered, particles/MJd), and kerosene (∼1013
particles/MJd), produced emissions that were lower by 2–3
orders of magnitude than solid fuels (1014–1015
particles/MJd). Three different PNSD types—unimodal
distributions with peaks ∼30–40 nm, unimodal distributions
with peaks <30 nm, and bimodal distributions—were
observed as the result of both fuel and stove effects. The
fractions of particles smaller than 30 nm (F30) varied among
the tested systems, ranging from 13% to 88%. The burning of
LPG and alcohol had the lowest PM2.5 mass emissions, UFP
number emissions, and F30 (13–21% for LPG and 35–41% for
alcohol). Emissions of PM2.5 and UFP from kerosene were also
low compared with solid fuel burning but had a relatively
high F30 value of approximately 73–80%.<br>
<br>
<br>
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</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
<br clear="all">
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
<div class="m_750898039946747714gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">Darpan Das
<div>Research Scholar</div>
<div>IIT Bombay</div>
<div>India</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="m_750898039946747714mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
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