<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote">Paul:<div dir="ltr"><br>What a RADICAL idea -- "<span style="font-size:12.8px">FUEL efficiency measured by communities, not by single stoves."<br><br>Thrilled. Thank you. <br><br>Gets to the heart of the "stove performance" orthodoxy -- if a stove is not used, then there are no gains, and the higher the utilization rate, greater the returns on capital investments. <br><br>We should also clamor for "PM2.5 concentrations by communities, not hourly emission rates by single stoves." <br><br>That is just about all one needs to say to put a lie to the EPA/WHO/ISO super-fanaticism on "clean cookstoves". <span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br><br>Nikhil<br><br></font></span></span></div><div class="gmail_extra"><span class=""><br clear="all"><div><div class="m_5599784778497443870gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><font face="georgia, serif">------------------------</font></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><font face="georgia, serif">Nikhil Desai</font></div><div style="font-size:12.8px"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small">(US <a href="tel:(202)%20568-5831" value="+12025685831" target="_blank">+1) 202 568 5831</a></span><font face="georgia, serif"><br><i>Skype: nikhildesai888</i></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br></span><div><div class="h5"><div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, Sep 24, 2017 at 5:26 PM, Paul Anderson <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
  
    
  
  <div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
    Philip, Tom and all,<br>
    <br>
    Philip is mostly correct.  Actually wood takes up (has) too much
    WEIGHT.  Wood has 3 times (or more, if the char is poorly made) the
    ENERGY value of charcoal that could come from that char.   But it
    has about 5 times the DRY weight of the char, plus there can be 20
    to 50% moisture  content to make the wood even heavier.   <br>
    <br>
    And the charcoal has  almost double (30 vs. 16) the energy content
    by weight, but char is so much lighter per unit of volume.  So the
    trucks are buldging upward and sideways with the sacks of charcoal
    strapped to them.  Weight of charcoal is not a problem for most
    transport.<br>
    <br>
    Apart from the transportation issue, I believe that the appeal of
    charcoal is that it does not smoke (not much).   CO is invisible and
    deadly, but the people learn to cook on the balcony or keep some 
    air flowing.  And it does not turn the bottom of the pots black.<br>
    <br>
    Charcoal is an attractive fuel.   Too bad it is made by processes
    that throw away 2/3rds of the energy.    (So, let's promote TLUD
    stroves and collect the char for sale to the urban folks.  Only one
    third of the cutting of wood/forest.) <br>
    <br>
     So, if 100,000 households (mainly in rural or peri-urban areas)
    would use TLUDs, the resultant char would equal to the energy needed
    for an approximately equal number of households (mainly urban) that
    would want to burn charcoal.  <br>
    <br>
    Now that would be FUEL efficiency measured by communities, not by
    single stoves.<span><br>
    <br>
    Paul<br>
    <br>
    <pre class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047moz-signature" cols="72">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email:  <a class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype:   paultlud    Phone: <a href="tel:(309)%20452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website:  <a class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
    </span><div><div class="m_5599784778497443870h5"><div class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047moz-cite-prefix">On 9/24/2017 11:40 AM, Tom Miles wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite">
      
      <div>That's probably why charcoal use is increasing 5% per year in
        SSA compared with wood fuel at 1% per year. <br>
        <br>
        T R Miles Technical Consultants Inc.
        <div><span class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047Apple-style-span"></span>
          <div><span class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047Apple-style-span"><a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com" target="_blank">tmiles@trmiles.com</a></span></div>
          <div><span class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047Apple-style-span">Sent from mobile. </span></div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div><br>
        On Sep 24, 2017, at 8:50 AM, "<a href="mailto:plloyd@mweb.co.za" target="_blank">plloyd@mweb.co.za</a>" <<a href="mailto:plloyd@mweb.co.za" target="_blank">plloyd@mweb.co.za</a>>
        wrote:<br>
        <br>
      </div>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <div>Just a thought on Sub Saharan charcoal use. As Africa
          urbanizes, so it needs energy to cook. Wood takes up too much
          volume, and the roads are primitive. So it makes sense to use
          charcoal. A bicycle load will keep ten homes cooking for a
          week. <br>
          The use of char oal has everything to do with logistics and
          nothing to do with the environment.<br>
          Philip<br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <br>
          Sent from my Huawei Mobile
          <div class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047quote" style="line-height:1.5"><br>
            <br>
            -------- Original Message --------<br>
            Subject: Re: [Stoves] stoves and credits again<br>
            From: Nikhil Desai <u></u><br>
              To: Ron Larson <u></u><br>
                CC: Andrew Heggie <u></u>,Crispin
                  Pemberton-Pigott <u></u>,Discussion
                    of biomass cooking stoves <u></u><br>
                      <br>
                      <br type="attribution">
                      <blockquote class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                        <div dir="ltr">Ron: <br>
                          <br>
                          What makes you believe that users of
                          biomass-fuelled stoves are predominantly
                          growers (of biomass)? <br>
                          <br>
                          Saw the figures for urban charcoal markets in
                          Sub-Saharan Africa lately? Or looked at
                          non-household cooking (in my view roughly 50%
                          of cooking energy consumption worldwide)? <br>
                          <br>
                          Nikhil<br>
                          <div class="gmail_extra">
                            <br>
                            <div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Sep 21,
                              2017 at 10:54 PM, Ronal W. Larson <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>></span>
                              wrote:<br>
                              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                                  <div>Andrew and list:</div>
                                  <div><span>
                                      <blockquote type="cite">
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <blockquote type="cite"> </blockquote>
                                            <br>
                                            There appears to be a win
                                            win situation here and I
                                            gather there is<br>
                                            still a vast part of
                                            equatorial Africa where
                                            annual burning  takes<br>
                                            place. However it brings me
                                            to another reason I like the
                                            idea, though<br>
                                            not the practicalities, of a
                                            householder-subsistance
                                            farmer being paid<br>
                                            a subsidy funded by the
                                            developed world. The trouble
                                            is I have a<br>
                                            parochial view and not a
                                            good worldview of what types
                                            of persons<br>
                                            depend on biomass fuelled
                                            stoves. Are they also
                                            predominantly growers?<br>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </blockquote>
                                      <div><br>
                                      </div>
                                    </span>
                                    <div><span class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047m_8387032066972498430Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">      </span><b>[RWL9:
                                         Yes to Andrew’s last question. 
                                        I disagree with Andrew calling
                                        himself “parochial” - when he
                                        supports (as do I) the ethics
                                        of <i>“a subsidy funded by the
                                          developed world”.</i></b></div>
                                    <div><b><br>
                                      </b></div>
                                    <div><b><span class="m_5599784778497443870m_8071190131728313047m_8387032066972498430Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap">     </span>  </b></div>
                                    <b>[RWL10:   Agree totally.  And I
                                      think this is what will eventually
                                      kill the geoengineering technology
                                      that is often placed ahead of
                                      biochar - BECCS.  In BECCS, as
                                      with “clean coal”, the CO2 from
                                      combustion (never pyrolysis) is
                                      placed, as  liquid, deep
                                      underground.   Major expenses
                                      needed to protect the world’s soil
                                      are not needed for biochar. 
                                      Soil quality is closely linked to
                                      carbon content - and biochar does
                                      this with no penalty - while
                                      apparently being the cleanest and
                                      most efficient of all possible
                                      solid-fuel stoves.</b></div>
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div><b>`Andrew - thanks for your
                                      above rebuttal to Crispin.</b></div>
                                  <div><b><br>
                                    </b></div>
                                  <div><b>Ron<br>
                                    </b><span>
                                      <blockquote type="cite">
                                        <div>
                                          <div> </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </blockquote>
                                    </span></div>
                                </div>
                                <br>
                                <br>
                              </blockquote>
                            </div>
                            <br>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                    <u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></div>
        </div>
      </blockquote>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <div><span>______________________________<wbr>_________________</span><br>
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        </div>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
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      <br>
      <pre>______________________________<wbr>_________________
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</pre>
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    <br>
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</blockquote></div><br></div></div></div>
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