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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Thanks for the ideas about char. I want to correct a couple of impressions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:windowtext">></span></b>And users can continually drop in more fuel, which is "trickle feeding"and requires user attention. TLUDs are batch units.<span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">This is only true some of the time. TLUD burners are frequently (often, not rarely) built at small industrial scale using batch-push feeding from below. I was surprised to find that the Stove Development Centre
in Ulaanbaatar has been making a number of these units – the surprise coming from the fact that none of the domestic candidate stoves had used this system. I saw one being repaired in August. Being a TLUD does not mean it has to be a single batch unit.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">The char or charred fuel is not placed on top of the fresh fuel – it is mixed in and forms part of the fuel. I don’t know what the upper limits of content are, I believe for different stoves there are different
limits. The HTP spreadsheet was modified in 2013 or so to accommodate this sort of ‘limited ability to recycle processed fuel’ and still produce the correct ‘as burned’ (AB) fuel analysis that forms the basis of the chemical mass balance calculation.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">Next, with reference to the recycling of fuel from one burn to the next:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">></span>Also, apart from the lab testing, is there evidence that the Indonesian cooks are actually using the stove as it was being used in the lab?
<span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">That is not up to the lab performing the test. If a manufacturer comes out with a novel method of construction and operation, it is up to the lab to test it as designed, not to speculate about home someone
in future might use it. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">For a <i>project</i> it makes a difference and a project might not adopt a stove for promotion if the cultural conflicts with how it works. In short, the testing does not stand in the way of innovation. There
is a clear separation between the invention and testing of products from the projects that may or may not use them. I realise that there has been a confabulation of projects and test protocols in the past. That should end. A test method should be technology
neutral.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">That said, a test protocol specific to a project is also valid. On project I was associated with required that the stoves be mis-operated and the performance reported because ‘obvious misuse’ is an accepted
risk and we wanted to know the implications.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<span style="color:windowtext">></span>These stoves can be operated in different ways.
<span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">Yes, but it would be good if you did not limit the operation of a TLUD to a batch or trickle-feed mode. There are other products around. TLUD coal and pellet and briquette burners are quite common. I expect
one day the TLUD promoters will accept this as a standard operating technique because it overcomes several of the attested shortcomings of batch-loaded stoves.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">></span>How many of each of those units (Todd's or the Indonesian ones) are in daily use in households? I hope that the numbers of users are VERY high. Please send details.<span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">I am not sure stoves are listed by operating mode. Those that are claimed to be operating as TLUDs with recycled fuel could be identified by brand and the numbers (probably) extracted from the CSI Indonesia
aggregated sales numbers. It is in the thousands I suppose. I am not the one to ask.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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