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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear All<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">“</span><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Kenya loses 7,000 acres of woodland to cooking;”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I presume the author means annual net loss of tree cover.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">So, Kenya is covered in pretty good growing land, What is the government doing to ensure the security of supply of energy to the biomass burning sector? Any national energy policy document has a
section in it called “Security of Supply” and is usually filled with text about stores of gasoline and oil products. I believe (without good documentation) that Swaziland was the first country to include biomass for domestic consumption in the Green Paper
and White Paper version of their national energy strategy. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">7000 acres of woodland is nothing for a country the size and wealth of Kenya. What are they doing about it? Rwanda, a tiny and heavily populated country, manages to grow all their biomass fuel requirements,
what’s up with Kenya? It is 22 times the size and has only 3.8 times the population.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Clearly the loss of forest cover for the energy needs of domestic consumers is caused by a policy failure, not a lack of resources or opportunity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The selling point for the Swaziland policy was that 77% of the population relied on biomass for their energy needs. The original draft had not a single mention of this in terms of ‘doing something’
to ensure that biomass will continue to be available indefinitely.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">In British Columbia there is a long standing rule that if you cut a tree for some commercial use you have to plant three more. Thus, while it may look as if they are ‘clear cutting the forest’ in
fact they are farming vast areas on a 70 year cycle. The fact that is it longer than a human working cycle is immaterial.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Trees grow very well in Kenya. In the very dry areas Dr St Barbe Baker recommended the planting of peach trees which are not only useful for food, they provide very good quality firewood. It was
his opinion that the desert in the NW could be continuously pushed back by planting peach trees on the margin. They are extremely heat resistance and drought resistant too (there is a drought cycle in that region tied to the Hadley Cells and how they evolve
cyclically).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">As Nikhil points out, if there is no shortage of free fuel, fuel efficiency is not necessarily an issue. They could even make charcoal and ship it to Rwanda or South Sudan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Cookswell Jikos<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 2-Oct-17 04:08<br>
<b>To:</b> ndesai@alum.mit.edu; Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org>; ctoroitich@snv.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Radical ideas from Paul and Philip {re: stoves and credits again}<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Cookstoves in the Kenyan news. An interesting article from Caroline Toroitich (cc'd in above). <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:37.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal">Modern stove in the kitchen our saviour<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<p class="MsoNormal">''<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#333333">By CAROLINE TOROITICH</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Of the issues informing global geopolitics and commerce, climate change and the dilemma of biofuels have a special place.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">But we tend to forget the device we use to cook and heat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Only 6 per cent of Kenya’s nine million households can afford electric or LPG cookers. The rest depend on biomass-combusting jikos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">These are the common jikos or hearths that mainly use firewood or charcoal and are mostly highly inefficient in combustion and heat preservation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">HOUSEHOLD POLLUTION</span></b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Household air pollution, the World Health Organisation says, causes more than 15,000 deaths and an equal number of respiratory health complications yearly in Kenya, with women and children
bearing the brunt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Sadly, we hardly notice this phantom because that has been our lifestyle and the impact may not be immediate yet millions of people suffer silently.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Besides, inefficient stoves are wood guzzlers — meaning with an ever-growing population, depletion of the environment is higher.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Kenya loses 7,000 acres of woodland to cooking; we are not out of the woods yet (literally).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">ROBUST POLICIES</span></b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Use of environment-friendly improved stoves that use less fuel and have minimal emissions can only be achieved in a streamlined setting with robust policies including strict standardisations
and consumer awareness.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">That can be achieved by adopting the 2013 Improved Biomass Stoves regulations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">The urgency of innovation and uptake of clean stoves in Kenya cannot be gainsaid in the wake of an imminent environmental Armageddon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Kenya needs to take regional leadership in this sector. In the 1980s, the country developed the Kenya Ceramic Jiko — since adopted in countries such as Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda. But,
three decades down the line, we have not improved our technology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">MULTI-BILLION SECTOR</span></b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Thirty years in purgatory is a long time in research. Countries that are passionately engaged in research and innovation on stoves are exporting to us.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Cooking is a multibillion-shilling sector that is easily ignored. Yet every day we have to cook and heat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Were our research and development robust, we would have a vibrant industry exporting stoves, employing our youth and saving the environment and our health.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Luckily, the civil society is leading a charm offensive in ensuring that a new regime of clean improved stoves becomes a reality in Kenya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">STANDARDISATION</span></b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Standardisation will help to control entry and production of counterfeits and sub-standard jikos not only inefficient in combustion but deadly. Kenya Bureau of Standards has its work cut
out for it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">In all fairness, Kenya has an improved stove standard — KS1814: 2005 — that gives guidelines on safety, efficiency and durability. But it failed to recognise the genie of emission that
lurks dangerously in millions of households.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">It’s commendable that, last year, the State waived duty on imported jikos. This is good but there is a challenge: The waiver is per consignment, requires the minister’s approval and tax
reimbursement is cumbersome.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">This frustrates business. Also last year, the government cut import duty on stoves from 25 per cent to 10 per cent under the East Africa Community Common Market Protocol.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">EMPOWER ARTISANS</span></b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Kenya now needs to go the whole hog and zero-rate stoves.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">Importantly, we need to empower our artisans and manufacturers with the skills to produce stoves for domestic use and for export. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">With 70 per cent of our energy demands biomass against a wood deficit of 10 million tonnes, set to hit 15 million tonnes by 2030, we are headed for an energy crisis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="gmail-noparagraphstyle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.7pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:18.75pt">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#5D5D5D">We also need more effort towards alternative fuels, which can easily be developed from biomass waste — such as biomass pellets and briquettes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Cookswell Jikos</b><br>
<a href="http://www.cookswell.co.ke" target="_blank">www.cookswell.co.ke</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/CookswellJikos" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/CookswellJikos</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.kenyacharcoal.blogspot.com" target="_blank">www.kenyacharcoal.blogspot.com</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Mobile: +254 700 380 009 <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Mobile: +254 700 905 913<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">P.O. Box 1433, Nairobi 00606, Kenya<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="71" height="96" style="width:.7395in;height:1.0in" id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-mFnK50B4oS8/UUrgJle8z9I/AAAAAAAAB_o/OUjLd7wrKPg/s133/Cookswell+Logo.PNG"><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Tms Rmn",serif;color:green">Save trees - think twice before printing</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Tms Rmn",serif;color:green">.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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