<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div><div class="gmail-m_-6325098901208442502gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>Crispin: <br><br>As a sometime economist, I ought to re-state that a) it is the total cost that matters, not physical measures of efficiency, and b) costs are essentially net costs (i.e., net of benefits) and neither all costs nor all benefits are necessarily observable or uniform across every decision even for one individual, leave alone all individuals. <br><br>Therefore, your claims on efficiency, competition are metaphysics, ideological or theological. <br><br>No serious economist worth his salt has dabbled in the economics of household fuel choice. (I tore into the "ladder theory" econometrics some 25 years ago; not worth another spike in blood pressure.) <br><br>Still, while we are at it - curse the stove metrics and donor mania - let me simply say charcoal nor LPG delivered costs vary a lot by location, volume, and year. If I had to pick numbers, if one had to pick up a sack of charcoal or a 11-15 kg cylinder at a retail point, charcoal is US$ 0.15 - 1.00 per kg and LPG is $0.50 - 4.00 per kg. (My credentials? Seeing LPG being sold on-site at Band-e-Amir in Afghanistan, summer of 2010. There is also a World Bank report a few years back by Masami Kojima and consultants about LPG in several countries.) <br><br>So, get over it, whatever "it" bothers you about LPG. There is enough market in Kenya and elsewhere for LPG, electricity and charcoal, if only Kirk Smith and Gold Standard get off their objections to solid fuels per se and to stacking. Renewability of wood is a matter of opportunity costs of land, water, labor, knowledge, and finance. LPG industry has the financial and human resource muscle, "big charcoal" can be cultivated as in North America. <br><br>The only market measure is, what the user buys at what price. Price and income elasticities of demand differ. So do supply elasticities. Efficiency, emission rates, all that jazz is to sell to bureaucrats and pundits, in service of people with too much money and too many strange ideas. <br><br>I happen to believe that severe policy failures and capacity constraints prevent the adoption of ideas such as peach trees in the north around Lake Turkana. (I have seen that from the sky. Startling.) <br><br>A forest economist did a paper - some 20+ years ago, in one or more Sub-Saharan African countries I think - tracking prices of LPG and charcoal. If I am not mistaken, he found that charcoal prices lagged LPG prices with a slight delay. Not implausible, but one cannot do much with such data without going to the details of industry structure, logistics. <br><br>More in *** below. <br><br>Nikhil<br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Oct 2, 2017 at 3:43 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid">
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Nikhil, loved the pic.?</div>
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It would be interesting to compare the delivered cost of LPG energy per MJ in the pot with charcoal. In both cases production inefficiencies would be ignored as they are large and only really matter if it affects the price. </div>
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A really good charcoal stove can compete in the same realm as a cheap propane stove in terms of thermal efficiency, and that is before any large investment is made in processed char fuels like pelletization. </div></div></blockquote><div><br>*** A household charcoal stove will never be as flexible in power as a gas or electric stove. Minimize the cooking time; it's not like there is nothing else to do. (Except for rich foodies like me.) ***</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid"><div>
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I think that truck can carry a heck of a lot of energy in one load. A twenty ton load would be about 600 gigaJoules. That is about the same energy as is contained in 13.3 tons of propane, but the propane needs metal cylinders greatly increasing the total transported
mass. </div></div></blockquote><div><br>*** True, but irrelevant. Henry David Thoreau wrote in Walden that ships came loaded from India and returned empty from Boston. So they loaded ice - from Walden pond - at the bottom of the ships. That ice was then carried by train from Mumbai and delivered to the mansion of a wealthy man in Ahmedabad, my city in India. *** <br><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid"><div><div style="width:100%;text-align:initial;color:rgb(31,73,125);font-family:Calibri,"Slate Pro",sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
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Anyone have a metal mass per kg fuel mass number?</div></div></blockquote><div><br>*** Varies by cylinder type and size. For the Indian cylinder for 14.2 kg LPG, empty weight is 15.3 kg. See <a href="https://www.quora.com/Why-in-India-are-the-weights-of-LPG-cylinders-14-2-15-2-etc" target="_blank">https://www.quora.com/Why-in-<wbr>India-are-the-weights-of-LPG-<wbr>cylinders-14-2-15-2-etc</a>.<br><br>While there, also click on <span class="gmail-m_-6325098901208442502gmail-qlink_container"><a class="gmail-m_-6325098901208442502external_link" href="http://sudharjao.com/2017/watch-how-gas-is-stolen-before-gas-cylinder-gets-delivered-to-your-home-and-how-to-avoid/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">Watch How Gas Is Stolen before Gas Cylinder Gets Delivered to Your Home and How to Avoid?</font></a> I have seen street-side filling of LPG in Bamyan, Afghanistan. No wonder </span></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid"><div>
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So in terms of transport alone, charcoal is far more efficient than LPG. Remember the LPG empties have to be transported back. The charcoal truck can take goods to the rural areas on the return trip. </div>
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As a renewable product, charcoal might get an extra nod as well. If a rational system-wide examination of the potential for charcoal as a domestic fuel were to be conducted, it might bring surprising ideas to the table. A charcoal fueled fan stove would be
small, powerful, controllable and very clean burning. </div></div></blockquote><div><br>*** Of course. Now a question -- are there TLUD charcoal kilns? Or, would a fan-stove with charcoal stove make a good complement to a char-making TLUD with wood? Not for the bottom quarter of income groups in India but the middle quintile of rural Africa?<br><br><br>Technologies exist; market chains are key. Kirk Smith's second epiphany is quite accurate. I don't think he would grudge a billion dollars to biomass cookstove business if we only figured out how to spend it, without the TC-285 song and dance about Tiers and ratings. Instead of inspiring "aspirations", EPA in conjunction with WHO have dealt a severe setback to the hopes of the poor from GACC. ***</div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid"><div>
<div style="width:100%;text-align:initial;color:rgb(31,73,125);font-family:Calibri,"Slate Pro",sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Who represents 'Big Charcoal'?</div></div></blockquote><div><br>*** Well, to be honest, a mix of politically powerful and wealthy people, corrupt and violent gangs, and child labor. I remember once meeting a high-ranked government official whose son had fallen off a charcoal truck and died. Design of an efficient, safe charcoaling logistical system is not easy. Poverty corrupts everything. An LPG company and its facilities are easier to regulate, there is a market for the fuel and the stove. If you remember a stove brand Primus (not beer), look up <a href="https://primus.us/pages/about-primus">https://primus.us/pages/about-primus</a>. If Primus or Coleman got in charcoal stove business in the developing world, they could even start exporting to rural OECD customers who care about bioenergy. I have high hopes for electricity, LPG and charcoal for the household market. *** <br> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid"><div>
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Regards </div><span class="gmail-m_-6325098901208442502gmail-HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">
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Crispin </div></font></span><div><div class="gmail-m_-6325098901208442502gmail-h5">
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