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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'>Elsen Karstad and Matt Owen, Chardust, were early participants on the stoves list in about 1996. They made briquettes from charcoal fines at that time. They now also make biochar Seedballs with collaboration with the inventor, Teddy from Cookswell Jikos. <a href="http://chardust.com/seedballs/4593306541">http://chardust.com/seedballs/4593306541</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:windowtext'>From:</span></b><span style='color:windowtext'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 10, 2017 3:51 PM<br><b>To:</b> Stoves <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] [biochar] Ghana: The potential of a dual purpose improved cookstove for low income earners in Ghana - Improved cooking methods and biochar production<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:#1F497D'>The processing dust has been turned into briquettes by Chardust in Nairobi - several tons a day as I recall. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:#1F497D'>Crispin <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'>Back to the future!</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'>There are several micro-gasification stoves in Kenya where they have been used in some areas for a few years. Users like the reduced emissions and reported 40% fuel savings. A few projects are promoting biochar which is often combined with manure, a combination recommended by local agricultural extension folks and endorsed by the national university. I wonder if there have been similar projects in Ghana. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'>While the stoves produce small quantities of biochar they have been an effective way to introduce biochar. For larger quantities, people have been using fines from charcoal production, at least where the fines are not rolled with clay into fuel balls. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'>Thanks</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'>Tom </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:windowtext'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:windowtext'>From:</span></b><span style='color:windowtext'> Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul Anderson<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 10, 2017 2:19 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>; 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves' <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] [biochar] Ghana: The potential of a dual purpose improved cookstove for low income earners in Ghana - Improved cooking methods and biochar production</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Tom,<br><br>Thanks for the reference. VERY recent publication (the journal date is February 2018 --- yes 2018). <br><br>This will be useful information for some anticipated TLUD stove work in Ghana. I will see if my contact in Ghana knows any of the 6 authors.<br><br>Paul<o:p></o:p></p><pre>Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 10/10/2017 10:58 AM, <a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a> [biochar] wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div id=ygrp-mlmsg><div id=ygrp-msg><div id=ygrp-text><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN style='color:#505050'>Is anyone familiar with this study from Ghana? </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN style='color:#505050'>“The potential of a dual purpose improved cookstove for low income earners in Ghana – Improved cooking methods and biochar production”</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN style='color:#505050'>Gilbert Ayine Akolgo, Eric Osei Essandoh, Samuel Gyamfi, Thomas Atta-Darkwa, Ebenezer Nyarko Kumia, Claudia Maria Branco de Freitas Maia</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN style='color:#505050'><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032117313059">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032117313059#</a>!</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#505050'><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.044" target="_blank" title="Persistent link using digital
object identifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.044</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#505050'>Abstract</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span lang=EN style='color:#505050'>Many cookstove designs and biochar programs have been implemented in many countries around the world. These programs have had varied degrees of success which is generally low. Some were able to achieve all their target objectives, others achieved a fraction of their target objectives whiles others achieved different results from their initial targets. The low success rates have been attributed to disregard for various users’ considerations by the past implementers of such designs and programs. This study seeks to determine the factors and features that Ghana cookstove users want to be incorporated in the designs of their cookstove and biochar programs. The study used a nationwide survey of household cooks. It was found that about 99% of the respondents will prefer a smokeless cook stove. The challenges that they will want eliminated from the conventional cooking systems are ranked from the highest to the lowest as: smoke and heat (35.80%), difficulty in use (21.8%), cost of cooking systems (6.8%), faulty parts (3.1%), and fuel availability (2.90%). About 83% of the respondents have no idea of the use of charcoal as a soil amendment tool (biochar), which presents an opportunity to educate the communities about the potential of biochar to improve soil fertility and quality. This paper therefore recommends that future cookstove designers, researchers and biochar programs implementers consider elimination of smoke and heat as well as fuel availability ahead of the other factors considered in the design of cookstoves.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>__._,_.___</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div style='margin-top:7.5pt' id=fromDMARC><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=5 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal>Posted by: <a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com"><tmiles@trmiles.com></a> <o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=5 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0><tr><td style='padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/biochar/conversations/messages/22285;_ylc=X3oDMTJyamlxNm5vBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyNDM4MDUyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNzQxODYxMgRtc2dJZAMyMjI4NQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNycGx5BHN0aW1lAzE1MDc2NTEwOTI-?act=reply&messageNum=22285"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply via web post</span></a> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD'><a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com?subject=Re%3A%20Ghana%3A%20The%20potential%20of%20a%20dual%20purpose%20improved%20cookstove%20for%20low%20income%20earners%20in%20Ghana%20-%20Improved%20cooking%20methods%20and%20biochar%20production"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply to sender </span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD'><a href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20Ghana%3A%20The%20potential%20of%20a%20dual%20purpose%20improved%20cookstove%20for%20low%20income%20earners%20in%20Ghana%20-%20Improved%20cooking%20methods%20and%20biochar%20production"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply to group </span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/biochar/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=X3oDMTJmNmZ2MXJsBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyNDM4MDUyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNzQxODYxMgRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNudHBjBHN0aW1lAzE1MDc2NTEwOTI-"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Start a New Topic</span></a> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td style='padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#2D50FD'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/biochar/conversations/topics/22285;_ylc=X3oDMTM3ZW5kZjJyBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyNDM4MDUyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNzQxODYxMgRtc2dJZAMyMjI4NQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawN2dHBjBHN0aW1lAzE1MDc2NTEwOTIEdHBjSWQDMjIyODU-"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Messages in this topic</span></a> (1) </span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table><div id=megaphoneModule><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=5 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div><div><div style='margin-bottom:7.5pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><img border=0 width=82 height=82 style='width:.8541in;height:.8541in' id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://s.yimg.com/ru/static/images/yg/img/megaphone/1464031581_phpFA8bON" name="tn_file"><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><a name="sub_url"></a><a href="https://yho.com/1wwmgg" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:11.5pt;text-decoration:none'>Have you tried the highest rated email app?</span></a> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'>With 4.5 stars in iTunes, the Yahoo Mail app is the highest rated email app on the market. 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