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Dear Anil</div>
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Many cities have better air quality than Beijing, and many have worse. I don't know why people talk so much about Beijing air. It is frequently very good. It happens that Beijing is a very good agricultural region with high humidity and fog. Newspapers have
no problem taking photos of morning fog and claiming it is 'caused by coal smoke'. </div>
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The burning of ag waste is a major issue in Hebei province which surrounds ýBeiging. At this time of year crop waste burning on the cold, damp ground can drive the PM count in Beijing over 400 ug/m^3. The worst days I have experienced there are caused by biomass.
It can be as bad as Singapore when they burn peat bogs in Indonesia to plant oil palms to make biodiesel for Europe. </div>
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The maximum readings in northern cities and Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia can reach numbers ý50 times that of Beijing. Vehicles and garbage burning (lack of services in poor areas) are major sources of PM2.5. </div>
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The near-universal cause is bad combustion because nearly all small scale production of pollution is combustible fuel. Flyash is rarely caused by domestic sources because they don't have fans. Fuel composition can have an effect. The Kara Keche coal from central
Kyrgyzstan has extremely fine ash and is a problem within the stove, if not outdoors. A high performance dung stove can make fine white ash. We are adapting the Model 2.5 to have an ash drawer to make handling it easier. We want all those minerals to go back
to the land. </div>
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The typical location is high altitude where ýthere is little wood. </div>
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Regards </div>
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Crispin </div>
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ý<br>
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<div class="gmail_default"><font color="#351c75" face="verdana, sans-serif" size="4"><a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fdelhi-news%2Fgas-chamber-delhi-records-pollution-reading-10-times-that-of-beijing-1772983%3Fpfrom%3Dhome-lateststories&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7Ca44dbdabb6754b737bd308d5274f4e64%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636458143928706912&sdata=Ufb%2FsndI7nYeJWVLeuziC%2BAxZtQgjUbQKq9WAe%2F7Yac%3D&reserved=0">https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/gas-chamber-delhi-records-pollution-reading-10-times-that-of-beijing-1772983?pfrom=home-lateststories</a></font><br clear="all">
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<div class="gmail_default"><font color="#351c75" face="verdana, sans-serif" size="4">This has nothing to do with biomass stoves as some people in Clean Cooking forum suggested. It is mostly vehicular pollution together with agricultural residues burning.</font></div>
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<div class="gmail_default"><font color="#351c75" face="verdana, sans-serif" size="4">Cheers.</font></div>
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<div class="gmail_default"><font color="#351c75" face="verdana, sans-serif" size="4">Anil</font></div>
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