<div dir="ltr">Crispin: <br><br>Visibility and toxicity problems abound. <br><br>Leave aside fuel fetishism and technology fetishism. The key point is not what and who does what but how they affect exposures and what disease outcomes are generated. <br><br>On the one hand, there is no good "science" that can be thrown around globally - whether it's climate change or PM2.5. On the other, there is but "one health" and multiple risk factors of which air pollutants, especially from cigarette smoke and chemical spills or even pollen (natural?) influence disease incidence and treatment options. <br><br>But any serious analysis begins with contextual air dispersion modeling, not "single box" indoor air modeling stuffed into WHO and ISO theology. <br><br>Air quality and disease incidence are no doubt "linked", just like many other things. It's like climate change, a "wicked problem". There is a whole discipline and cadre of "air management" such as in the AWMA. It is fruitless and even counterproductive to take ideologues at face value. <br><br>My interest, to repeat, is in developing a defensible policy, at least elements of it. A lot of work has been done by the World Bank. "Clean cookstoves" is a minor distraction. <br><br>Nikhil<br><div class="gmail_extra"><div><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Nov 21, 2017 at 8:22 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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Dear Nikhil</div>
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I used to live in Ibadan, Nigeria. During the Harmattan the air turns into a permanent (so it seems) copy of a Delhi photo. It is perfectly natural and perfectly dreadful. </div>
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<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,'Nimbus Sans L',Arial,'Liberation Sans',sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:26px">"On its passage over the Sahara, it picks up fine dust and sand particles (between 0.5 and 10 microns)."</span></div>
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<span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,'Nimbus Sans L',Arial,'Liberation Sans',sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:26px">"</span><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,'Nimbus Sans L',Arial,'Liberation Sans',sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:26px">In
some countries in West Africa, the heavy amount of dust in the air can severely limit visibility and block the sun for several days,</span><sup style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,'Nimbus Sans L',Arial,'Liberation Sans',sans-serif;line-height:1;font-size:0.75em;background-image:none;white-space:nowrap;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmattan#cite_note-8" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;background-image:none;text-decoration:none;color:rgb(90,54,150)" target="_blank">[8]</a></sup><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,'Nimbus Sans L',Arial,'Liberation Sans',sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:26px"> comparable
to a heavy </span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog" title="Fog" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,'Nimbus Sans L',Arial,'Liberation Sans',sans-serif;line-height:26px;font-size:16px;vertical-align:baseline;background-image:none;text-decoration:none;color:rgb(90,54,150)" target="_blank">fog</a><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,'Nimbus Sans L',Arial,'Liberation Sans',sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:26px">."</span></div>
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<div><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmattan" target="_blank">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/<wbr>wiki/Harmattan</a></div>
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<div>Yup. Sounds right. Now, is the burning of agricultural wastes natural too? Is everything people do unnatural? Cooking too?</div>
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<div>Regards </div>
<div>Crispin </div>
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<div dir="ltr">Crispin:<br>
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<a href="https://nam03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FTechnology%2FUrRkv3afeGi3Xt5hXKTFGK%2FClean-air-is-not-a-luxury.html&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7C06c1bc30d31c4473098d08d530c362b1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636468538083757936&sdata=qE85ZwyzrXoQsJFJoX4OIIVgMqZE8b8Wv6MV6uY5RnM%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">Clean
air is not a luxury</a> Vishal Mathur Mint 14 November 2017.<br>
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I don't know what death chamber like conditions are. But no single technology is an answer to air pollution which varies by season, day, time of day, location, mobility. <br>
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There are proper methods for air quality monitoring and air modeling, then a cost and schedule program has to be generated for each location. Some fuel or activity bans may work, and episodic situations like Delhi recently require emergency response measures.
Just look up EPA color codes and local government responsibilities. <br>
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A 40-year program. Little to do with ISO Tier 4 PM2.5 ERT. <br>
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You ought to be in Delhi in a sand storm period to appreciate that the picture in Anil's essay conveys the right image. Leave aside toxicity arguments for WHO. <br>
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Nikhil</div>
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