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Dear Frank</div>
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Now that you are back in the lab, I would really appreciate it if you can work out how to make or treat pellets so they don't produce CO. Phil Hopke published his analysis of the problem and how to solve it. He announced it about a year ago and now it is published.
Good for everyone. </div>
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But as a praýctical measure it needs proof of concept in multiple ways. You might be able to advise us in practical ways how to prevent it. </div>
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What do you thinký? Interesting?</div>
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<span style="font-size:initial; text-align:initial; line-height:initial">Regards </span></div>
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<span style="font-size:initial; text-align:initial; line-height:initial">Crispin </span></div>
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<p><font size="+1"><br>
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<p><font size="+1">Lots of good news - Tom,</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">I am wondering if the testing procedures for the quality program the Pellet Inst. uses could be used here to help make adjustments in formulation and state pellet qualities would be helpful. Their standards may not need be met but just to
provide numbers to constituents of importance. I built a tumbler for the durability test at the old lab. I might also suggest additional tests beyond what the Pellet Inst. list due to the much more variable biomass used in your projects.
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</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">Regards</font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">Frank</font></p>
<p><font size="+1">Gabilan laboratory</font></p>
<p><font size="+1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpellet.memberclicks.net%2Fassets%2Fdocs%2Funderstanding%2520the%2520quality%2520mark.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7C238581a1025c46b8ab5108d53209dd6a%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636469940300218889&sdata=OsGykriaBQy8dYlUKEiwUqiu%2BqqDGpHPFAE2KgFDn9I%3D&reserved=0">https://pellet.memberclicks.net/assets/docs/understanding%20the%20quality%20mark.pdf</a></font><br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 11/22/17 3:10 PM, Tom Miles wrote:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Crispin,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks. The pellets they have selected for carbonizing are 8-12 mm. We have done a lot of densification and we understand the issues related to densifying crop residues. We’ll see how long the dies last. The pellets I saw had corn stover
blended in with the rice straw. The corn stalks could act as a binder and lubricant. If I recall the intended working radius for each pellet plant is about 50 km. Delivered cost of the pellets to the biochar plant is USD$70/ton.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It’s interesting to learn about the Hebei project. The handling and processing infrastructure for one project should help another. Some successful biochar producers are supplying different fiber and char products to different markets.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_MailEndCompose"> </a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="">Tom</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Stoves [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, November 22, 2017 1:01 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">
<stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org></a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> 'Biochar' <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">
<biochar@yahoogroups.com></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Air pollution in cities</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Thanks Tom</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">I know my posts don’t go to the biochar list so you can post it on if it is relevant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">The pelleting of agriwastes is mechanically difficult because of the ash in the material and contamination from dirt. The trend is to make relatively large pellets that are square in cross-section. The energy input is
really high even at low density so the ‘moving parts’ are difficult to keep together. The subsidy
<i>was</i> about $50 per ton and the limitation of the system is that the transport radius is defined by the subsidy, if you boil it down. It is something like 150 km. When the distribution radius is small, the factories can’t be too large.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Perhaps a dual approach would yield the best overall system performance when agriwastes are digested before being pelleted. Who tries, wins.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">The Hebei Clean Air Project ($500m) is implementing 51 measures with a large ($80m) component of improved stoves. I have yet to see a really improved ‘wood briquette’ stove, only coal stoves. Some basic research is needed
to fill that gap.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">At least some of the H-CAP items attempt to ‘do something’ with the agriwastes from fields because it is a major contributor to poor air quality in Beijing in October. The smoke is similar in content and concentration
to the illegal Indonesian peat burning to create biodiesel plantations that affects Singapore air.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">At this time, it seems likely that some form of crossdraft stove, perhaps similar to the Fyro-stove layout, will be able to burn these large ‘pellets’ (briquettes). The heat applied to the pyrolysation has to be greatly
reduced compared with the successful coal gasifiers.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Regards</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Crispin</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Crispin,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks for your comments. The agricultural science that we have seen is done at a high level. It is also done in collaboration with expert institutions around the world. In just our limited view we are interacting with a large department
of soil and crop scientists at a “key university” for biochar. They are collaborating with some large corporations. They have really been innovative compared to how others around the world are thinking about the conversion and use of biochar. The people we
are working with have been at it for at least 10 years, so it hasn’t happened overnight.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The business model is unique and there clearly are subsidies. There are multiple objectives, but a main driver is to reduce the open field burning. Improving soil health, reducing effects of pollution, increasing yield and sequestering
carbon are other targets. There are many local challenges to deal with, like arsenic and cadmium. National, county, and local governments are involved organizing supporting policy and funding businesses.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">They are moving very quickly to scale. The scale is not surprising. You can get to the current stated capacities with only 25 plants each processing 30,000 tons of residue per year at about 4 tons per hour. They have engineered one processing
scheme and have cloned it. Meanwhile they are working on incremental improvements. Whether each plant is actually producing 8,000 hours per year may be debatable but that’s also true of our small North American biomass plants. Field testing in300 locations
is impressive. There is a whole educational program at each level. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I haven’t seen their pelleting operations, but I have seen other stationary systems with Chinese equipment and know their typical limitations. The pellets are not very dense which should offset some of the wear issues associated with crop
residues. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is still evolving. It will be interesting to see where they are in a year’s time.
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Tom </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Frank Shields
444 Main Street Apt. 4205
Watsonville, CA 95076
(831) 246-0417 cell
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com">franke@cruzio.com</a></pre>
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