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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Thanks, Tom for the great additions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">In the early stage of the IKJ it was apparent that the ceramic component was going to be the major hurdle. The acknowledgements page in the 1983 report by Maxwell Kinyanjui and Laurie Childers has this:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img width="612" height="487" style="width:6.375in;height:5.075in" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01D36CC1.BB72B0A0"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">That says there was an educational tour to Thailand.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hugh Allen was hired by ATI (Washington) but I am not clear if he started with CARE or ended up with them. In his book “The Kenyan Ceramic Jiko – A manual for stove makers” (IT Publications, 1991) he says the production
system present was developed between 1986-1988. The book is contained in the AT Microfiche Library from Volunteers in Asia. IT Publications, ATI and CARE are credited for the book.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I think Hugh was a ceramics engineer because he had studied ceramics under the son of world famous Bernard Leach – the British Potter. Hugh told me the reason he was contracted to work on the stove was the difficulty
in getting reliable results from the kilns: losses of something like 40% were normal in the firing.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He developed the low tech Jigger Jolly and forming tools, standardized the hole pattern and gave comprehensive instructions about how to develop the clay content and fire them. He introduced dome-topped kilns and spread the production technology
to the Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Togo, Malawi and Rwanda. In short he “professionalized” the product, bringing firing losses down to 3%. Later he led the same type of exercise with the Bielenberg sunflower oil press which inspired me greatly.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Footnote 2 reads:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img width="378" height="109" style="width:3.9416in;height:1.1333in" id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.jpg@01D36CC4.59ECD740"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Regards<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Crispin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">+++++++++<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">We hope that Robert recovers. I have had many informative exchanges with him over the years. He may have informed this group about the Thai bucket and the KCJ. I’ll have to look at the early archives (1996-2000).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks Teddy for the KCJ history. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">See also: <a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solutions-site.org%2Fnode%2F50&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7Ca4234e86739e4192671308d53a8adfb1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636479290492647116&sdata=19Fd57moiKctwoIs%2FHauUv%2FTIxUzc9z%2Bk6nfxK3CEiI%3D&reserved=0">
http://www.solutions-site.org/node/50</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The Eindhoven group may be able to shed some light on the origins of the KCJ. It wasn’t that long ago (2006?) that Dean Still gathered Piet Visser, and KK Prasad, and P Verhaart at an ETHOS meeting.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This takes us back to some thoughtful work on stoves:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">What Makes People Cook with Improved Biomass Stoves? A Comparative International Review of Stove Programs Douglas F. Barnes, Keith Openshaw, Kirk R. Smith, and Robert van der Plas, WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 242
ENERGY SERIES. 1994<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">There may be a clue in a 1982 review of the Thai ceramic stove cited in that review:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02904586">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02904586</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The performance of Thai charcoal stove <o:p>
</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">P D DUNN, P SAMOOTSAKORN and N JOYCE Department of Engineering, University of Reading~ U.K. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Engg. Sci.), Vol. 5, Pt. 4, December 1982, pp. 361-372. t~) Printed in India<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Or in Keith Openshaw’s 1979 review:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Openshaw, Keith. 1979. "A Comparison of Metal and Clay Charcoal Cooking Stoves." Paper presented at the Conference on Energy and Environment in East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">And in 1982:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Openshaw, Keith. 1982. "The Development of Improved Cooking Stoves for Urban and Rural Households in Kenya." Stockholm: The Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">There were several projects underway in Kenya during the 1980-1987 time period. A few people I have met have told stories about the early development of the KCJ. One Canadian told me that shortly after it was introduced
it appeared in all sizes in the markets without regard to dimensions and air hole suited to the size or capacity. A ceramicist from Eugene, Oregon, contributed at some point.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The Barnes et. al paper has a long list of stoves projects that were active at the time. It was cited in a paper presented by Tom Reed and Ron Larson in 1996 at a thermochemical conference in Banff, Canada.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstoves.bioenergylists.org%2Fcontent%2Fwood-gas-stove&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7Ca4234e86739e4192671308d53a8adfb1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636479290492647116&sdata=hXQgwvCboIrOsn%2BkklL5dO%2FutYVALy1BTeMMT%2B5XMRA%3D&reserved=0">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/content/wood-gas-stove</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">My conversations with Tom, Ron, and Mark Bryden at that conference led to the creation of this discussion list as an outgrowth of earlier (1994) bioenergy and gasification lists that I hosted. Ron became the list moderator
and the Kenya group was active. Early discussions on the list, which Robert contributed to, included stoves like the KCJ and Thai bucket. Mark, Dean, and Larry Winiarsky started ETHOS in about 2000, the same year as the Pune stoves conference hosted by the
Karves.) We look forward to continuing the stoves “conversation” at ETHOS Jan 26-28.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethoscon.com%2F2018-registration%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7Ca4234e86739e4192671308d53a8adfb1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636479290492647116&sdata=cV2%2FjOvCC3oBkzzsjDzLn2tStQ1N3QdmUSYPKf0nb68%3D&reserved=0">http://www.ethoscon.com/2018-registration/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_MailEndCompose"></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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