<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">List and ccs</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>1. Thanks Tom for his tremendous listing of charcoal-related papers and events from more than 20 years ago.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>2. What i find missing from this discussion is that all jikos are operating most of the time with badly-made char - often with illegal char. I started in this business after seeing how badly the wonderful country of Sudan has been ruined by extensive (excessive) char usage. Early stove list discussions (initiated and supported for more than 20 years by Tom) was on what we now call TLUDs. It was mostly in the spirit of making that char in an acceptable manner. Many of us believed (and I still do) that cooking with a TLUD is much easier than cooking with any Jiko.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3. As time progressed, this list learned (about 12 years ago - from papers on Terra Preta) that char could not only be made satisfactorily but it had a much higher societal benefit if placed in soil as (now called) biochar. Tom started a list on this new aspect of charcoal before the word “biochar” was even officially adopted.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>4. So I submit that improved jikos should now be compared with TLUDs that are superior by every ISO standard measure. Their restriction to batch mode operation is minimal when a few different sizes are in the package of utensils - in part because TLUDs also save cook’s time. But mainly - cooks can make money while they cook. And the produced biochar can help improve the supply of food - while taking CO2 out of the atmosphere. The future is not with jikos.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Ron</div><div class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Dec 3, 2017, at 3:04 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" class="">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Thanks, Tom for the great additions.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">In the early stage of the IKJ it was apparent that the ceramic component was going to be the major hurdle. The acknowledgements page in the 1983 report by Maxwell Kinyanjui and Laurie Childers has this:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span id="cid:image001.png@01D36CC1.BB72B0A0"><image001.png></span><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">That says there was an educational tour to Thailand.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">Hugh Allen was hired by ATI (Washington) but I am not clear if he started with CARE or ended up with them. In his book “The Kenyan Ceramic Jiko – A manual for stove makers” (IT Publications, 1991) he says the production system present was developed between 1986-1988. The book is contained in the AT Microfiche Library from Volunteers in Asia. IT Publications, ATI and CARE are credited for the book.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">I think Hugh was a ceramics engineer because he had studied ceramics under the son of world famous Bernard Leach – the British Potter. Hugh told me the reason he was contracted to work on the stove was the difficulty in getting reliable results from the kilns: losses of something like 40% were normal in the firing.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">He developed the low tech Jigger Jolly and forming tools, standardized the hole pattern and gave comprehensive instructions about how to develop the clay content and fire them. He introduced dome-topped kilns and spread the production technology to the Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Togo, Malawi and Rwanda. In short he “professionalized” the product, bringing firing losses down to 3%. Later he led the same type of exercise with the Bielenberg sunflower oil press which inspired me greatly.<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Footnote 2 reads:<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span id="cid:image002.jpg@01D36CC4.59ECD740"><image002.jpg></span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Regards<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Crispin<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">+++++++++<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">We hope that Robert recovers. I have had many informative exchanges with him over the years. He may have informed this group about the Thai bucket and the KCJ. I’ll have to look at the early archives (1996-2000).<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">Thanks Teddy for the KCJ history.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">See also:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solutions-site.org%2Fnode%2F50&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7Ca4234e86739e4192671308d53a8adfb1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636479290492647116&sdata=19Fd57moiKctwoIs%2FHauUv%2FTIxUzc9z%2Bk6nfxK3CEiI%3D&reserved=0" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">http://www.solutions-site.org/node/50</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">The Eindhoven group may be able to shed some light on the origins of the KCJ. It wasn’t that long ago (2006?) that Dean Still gathered Piet Visser, and KK Prasad, and P Verhaart at an ETHOS meeting.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">This takes us back to some thoughtful work on stoves:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">What Makes People Cook with Improved Biomass Stoves? A Comparative International Review of Stove Programs Douglas F. Barnes, Keith Openshaw, Kirk R. Smith, and Robert van der Plas, WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 242 ENERGY SERIES. 1994<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">There may be a clue in a 1982 review of the Thai ceramic stove cited in that review:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02904586" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02904586</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">The performance of Thai charcoal stove<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">P D DUNN, P SAMOOTSAKORN and N JOYCE Department of Engineering, University of Reading~ U.K. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Engg. Sci.), Vol. 5, Pt. 4, December 1982, pp. 361-372. t~) Printed in India<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">Or in Keith Openshaw’s 1979 review:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">Openshaw, Keith. 1979. "A Comparison of Metal and Clay Charcoal Cooking Stoves." Paper presented at the Conference on Energy and Environment in East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">And in 1982:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">Openshaw, Keith. 1982. "The Development of Improved Cooking Stoves for Urban and Rural Households in Kenya." Stockholm: The Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">There were several projects underway in Kenya during the 1980-1987 time period. A few people I have met have told stories about the early development of the KCJ. One Canadian told me that shortly after it was introduced it appeared in all sizes in the markets without regard to dimensions and air hole suited to the size or capacity. A ceramicist from Eugene, Oregon, contributed at some point.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">The Barnes et. al paper has a long list of stoves projects that were active at the time. It was cited in a paper presented by Tom Reed and Ron Larson in 1996 at a thermochemical conference in Banff, Canada.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstoves.bioenergylists.org%2Fcontent%2Fwood-gas-stove&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7Ca4234e86739e4192671308d53a8adfb1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636479290492647116&sdata=hXQgwvCboIrOsn%2BkklL5dO%2FutYVALy1BTeMMT%2B5XMRA%3D&reserved=0" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/content/wood-gas-stove</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">My conversations with Tom, Ron, and Mark Bryden at that conference led to the creation of this discussion list as an outgrowth of earlier (1994) bioenergy and gasification lists that I hosted. Ron became the list moderator and the Kenya group was active. Early discussions on the list, which Robert contributed to, included stoves like the KCJ and Thai bucket. Mark, Dean, and Larry Winiarsky started ETHOS in about 2000, the same year as the Pune stoves conference hosted by the Karves.) We look forward to continuing the stoves “conversation” at ETHOS Jan 26-28.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""><a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethoscon.com%2F2018-registration%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7Ca4234e86739e4192671308d53a8adfb1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636479290492647116&sdata=cV2%2FjOvCC3oBkzzsjDzLn2tStQ1N3QdmUSYPKf0nb68%3D&reserved=0" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" class="">http://www.ethoscon.com/2018-registration/</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class=""> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">Tom<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; 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