<div dir="ltr"><div dir="auto"><div>Crispin:<br><br>It is not the fuel that is inherently safe or unsafe, but the whole fuel cycle including the equipment and operator practices. <br><br>I went to an ethanol refinery (sugarcane based) in Malawi to look into Gelfuel economics. Unlike Malawi, ethanol as cooking fuel is not tested in India, the delivery chains cannot possibly compete with LPG for the household market. LPG subsidies have proven to be effective means of scaling up. <br><br>Nikhil</div><div><br>On Nov 4, 2017, at 11:20 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>> wrote:<br><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Dear Anil<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span>“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:black">Government of India (GOI) is
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:blue">pushing very aggressively for liquid petroleum gas<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:blue">(LPG) as a rural household fuel.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:black">With 90% of it being imported, local renewable<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:black">sources outlined in this article will be a better choice. Not only will it save foreign<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:black">exchange, but will provide large scale employment in rural areas.”<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>I think your point is well made. LPG is not safer than ethanol, and can be burned just as cleanly (if the device is properly designed).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>You are using an alcohol mixed with water in high proportion. Are you heating the water to release the ethanol and leaving the water behind? If not, do know if this has been tried?
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>An approach taken by several manufacturers is to use a solid, porous sponge as a retaining mechanism. I happen to have worked with a version of this. It definitely works as an accident preventing
mechanism. The only problem I found was that designers felt that ‘alcohol is a clean fuel’ and didn’t put much effort into the combustor to see that it really was clean-burning.
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Similarly there is a methanol stove producer in Africa that developed a vastly superior version of his product by using a contextual development test. That product went from an under-powered and
smelly burner to a powerful and extremely clean one and is now in production. <u></u>
<u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>At some point in the past I was approached by a sugar mill looking for ways to use about 100 different types of alcohol that were distilled from their ethanol plant. Surely you also have access to
these dregs? I never had a chance to work with the dregs so I don’t know what lovelies came from a good or bad flame. Maybe you have some experience with that.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Regards<br>
Crispin<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.<wbr>bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>nari phaltan<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 4-Nov-17 07:47<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.<wbr>org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] Second article on clean cooking forum<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351c75"><a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nariphaltan.org%2Falcohol.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Ccrispinpigott%40outlook.com%7C86bb8ce8846a4219053f08d5237a518c%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636453930619969281&sdata=P4qIKFRN%2Fkxg3GXkPmdoF8tnaEkqATR1YZ7yPkh4lUk%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">www.nariphaltan.org/alcohol.<wbr>pdf</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351c75"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351c75">Your feedback and comments are welcome.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351c75"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351c75">Anil<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#351c75"><u></u> <u> </u></span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div>